Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Plants

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

Different reactive oxygen species (ROS), including free radicals, (superoxide anion, O₂^•−; hydroperoxyl radical, HO₂^•; alkoxy radical, RO^•; and hydroxyl radical, ^•OH) and non-radical molecules (hydrogen peroxide, H₂O₂, and singlet oxygen, ¹O₂), are naturally produced in plants as a result of the cellular metabolism. Although at a low level ROS act as a signaling molecule, a high amount of ROS results in oxidative stress, causing damage to proteins, lipids, DNA, and, ultimately, cell death. Plants have a well-developed antioxidant defense composed of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic components, which work in the detoxification of ROS. Under normal situations, this system is efficient enough to maintain normal plant life. However, under stressful conditions, plants need to enhance the antioxidant defense system to a great extent for protection from oxidative damage. Apart from ROS, reactive nitrogen species (RNS) have played an important role in plant stress biology for the last couple of decades. RNS participate in many signalling pathways to improve the plant's developmental processes and confer plant stress tolerance. Several molecules of ROS and RNS cascades often interact to provide such signalling or protection against stress. During the last couple of decades, significant progress has been made in laboratory and field research revealing ROS and RNS metabolism and their implications for plant growth and productivity. In this Topic, we aim at publishing research articles and reviews on research focused on ROS and RNS biology and their role in plant growth, development, and defence systems, which will serve as a foundation for plant stress tolerance.

Prof. Dr. Mirza Hasanuzzaman
Dr. Nobuhiro Suzuki
Dr. Masayuki Fujita
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Agronomy agronomy	3.7	5.2	2011	15.8 Days	CHF 2600
Antioxidants antioxidants	7.0	8.8	2012	13.9 Days	CHF 2900
International Journal of Molecular Sciences ijms	5.6	7.8	2000	16.3 Days	CHF 2900
Oxygen oxygen	-	-	2021	22.7 Days	CHF 1000
Plants plants	4.5	5.4	2012	15.3 Days	CHF 2700

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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All Agronomy Antioxidants IJMS Oxygen Plants

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19 pages, 5198 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Enhanced Resistance and Transcriptome Analysis of Twig Blight Disease by Exogenous Brassinolide in Myrica rubra

by Zheping Yu, Shuwen Zhang, Li Sun, Senmiao Liang, Xiliang Zheng, Haiying Ren and Xingjiang Qi

Antioxidants 2024, 13(1), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13010061 - 29 Dec 2023

Viewed by 857

Abstract

Twig blight disease is the primary disease that affects the production of Myrica rubra in China. It was reported that exogenous brassinolide (BL) can improve disease resistance in plants. Here, we examined the effects of exogenous BL on disease resistance, chlorophyll contents, antioxidant [...] Read more.

Twig blight disease is the primary disease that affects the production of Myrica rubra in China. It was reported that exogenous brassinolide (BL) can improve disease resistance in plants. Here, we examined the effects of exogenous BL on disease resistance, chlorophyll contents, antioxidant enzyme activity, ROS accumulation, and key gene expression of M. rubra to analyze the mechanism of BR-induced resistance of twig blight disease in M. rubra. The results demonstrated that 2.0 mg·L⁻¹ of BL could significantly lessen the severity of twig blight disease in M. rubra. Exogenous BL increased the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and total chlorophyll. Moreover, exogenous BL also significantly enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in leaves, such as H₂O₂ and O₂^·−. Additionally, exogenous BL dramatically up-regulated the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes such as MrPR1, MrPR2, and MrPR10, as well as important genes such as MrBAK1, MrBRI1, and MrBZR1 involved in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway. The transcriptome analysis revealed that a total of 730 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under BL treatment were found, and these DEGs were primarily enriched in four Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Based on these findings, nine important candidate genes related to the resistance of twig blight disease under BL treatment were further identified. In this study, we elucidated the effects of exogenous BL on enhancing the resistance of M. rubra to twig blight disease and preliminary analyzed the potential mechanism of resistance induction, which will provide a crucial foundation for the management and prevention of twig blight disease in M. rubra. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Plants)
(This article belongs to the Section Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress)

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11 pages, 597 KiB  

Open AccessPerspective

Reactive Oxygen Species in Drought-Induced Stomatal Closure: The Potential Roles of NPR1

by Xin-Cheng Li, Claire Chang and Zhen-Ming Pei

Plants 2023, 12(18), 3194; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12183194 - 07 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1109

Abstract

Stomatal closure is a vital, adaptive mechanism that plants utilize to minimize water loss and withstand drought conditions. We will briefly review the pathway triggered by drought that governs stomatal closure, with specific focuses on salicylic acid (SA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). [...] Read more.

Stomatal closure is a vital, adaptive mechanism that plants utilize to minimize water loss and withstand drought conditions. We will briefly review the pathway triggered by drought that governs stomatal closure, with specific focuses on salicylic acid (SA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). We propose that the non-expressor of PR Gene 1 (NPR1), a protein that protects plants during pathogen infections, also responds to SA during drought to sustain ROS levels and prevent ROS-induced cell death. We will examine the evidence underpinning this hypothesis and discuss potential strategies for its practical implementation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Plants)

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20 pages, 2999 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Nitric Oxide and Globin Glb1 Regulate Fusarium oxysporum Infection of Arabidopsis thaliana

by Laura C. Terrón-Camero, Eliana Molina-Moya, M Ángeles Peláez-Vico, Luisa M. Sandalio and María C. Romero-Puertas

Antioxidants 2023, 12(7), 1321; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12071321 - 21 Jun 2023

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Abstract

Plants continuously interact with fungi, some of which, such as Fusarium oxysporum, are lethal, leading to reduced crop yields. Recently, nitric oxide (NO) has been found to play a regulatory role in plant responses to F. oxysporum, although the underlying mechanisms involved [...] Read more.

Plants continuously interact with fungi, some of which, such as Fusarium oxysporum, are lethal, leading to reduced crop yields. Recently, nitric oxide (NO) has been found to play a regulatory role in plant responses to F. oxysporum, although the underlying mechanisms involved are poorly understood. In this study, we show that Arabidopsis mutants with altered levels of phytoglobin 1 (Glb1) have a higher survival rate than wild type (WT) after infection with F. oxysporum, although all the genotypes analyzed exhibited a similar fungal burden. None of the defense responses that were analyzed in Glb1 lines, such as phenols, iron metabolism, peroxidase activity, or reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, appear to explain their higher survival rates. However, the early induction of the PR genes may be one of the reasons for the observed survival rate of Glb1 lines infected with F. oxysporum. Furthermore, while PR1 expression was induced in Glb1 lines very early on the response to F. oxysporum, this induction was not observed in WT plants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Plants)

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17 pages, 3407 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

L-Arginine Alleviates the Reduction in Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Activity Induced by Drought Stress in Maize Seedlings

by Yifei Sun, Feng Miao, Yongchao Wang, Hecheng Liu, Xintao Wang, Hao Wang, Jiameng Guo, Ruixin Shao and Qinghua Yang

Antioxidants 2023, 12(2), 482; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020482 - 14 Feb 2023

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1892

Abstract

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important food crops in the world. Drought is currently the most important abiotic factor affecting maize yield. L-arginine has emerged as a nontoxic plant growth regulator that enhances the tolerance of plants to [...] Read more.

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important food crops in the world. Drought is currently the most important abiotic factor affecting maize yield. L-arginine has emerged as a nontoxic plant growth regulator that enhances the tolerance of plants to drought. An experiment was conducted to examine the role of L-arginine in alleviating the inhibitory effects of drought on the photosynthetic capacity and activities of antioxidant enzymes when the plants were subjected to drought stress. The results showed that the biomass of maize seedlings decreased significantly under a 20% polyethylene glycol-simulated water deficit compared with the control treatment. However, the exogenous application of L-arginine alleviated the inhibition of maize growth induced by drought stress. Further analysis of the photosynthetic parameters showed that L-arginine partially restored the chloroplasts’ structure under drought stress and increased the contents of chlorophyll, the performance index on an adsorption basis, and Fv/Fm by 151.3%, 105.5%, and 37.1%, respectively. Supplementation with L-arginine also reduced the oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and superoxide ions by 27.2%, 10.0%, and 31.9%, respectively. Accordingly, the activities of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase increased by 11.6%, 108.5%, 104.4%, 181.1%, 18.3%, and 46.1%, respectively, under drought. Thus, these findings suggest that L-arginine can improve the drought resistance of maize seedlings by upregulating their rate of photosynthesis and their antioxidant capacity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Plants)

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15 pages, 2597 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Humidity and Light Modulate Oxygen-Induced Viability Loss in Dehydrated Haematococcus lacustris Cells

by Thomas Roach, Alessandro Fambri and Daniel Ballesteros

Oxygen 2022, 2(4), 503-517; https://doi.org/10.3390/oxygen2040033 - 21 Oct 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1260

Abstract

Haematoccocus lacustris (previously H. pluvialis) is a desiccation-tolerant unicellular freshwater green alga. During acclimation to desiccation, astaxanthin-rich lipid bodies and low-molecular-weight antioxidants (α-tocopherol, glutathione) accumulate, while the chloroplast area and chlorophyll contents decrease, which may facilitate desiccation tolerance by preventing damage mediated [...] Read more.

Haematoccocus lacustris (previously H. pluvialis) is a desiccation-tolerant unicellular freshwater green alga. During acclimation to desiccation, astaxanthin-rich lipid bodies and low-molecular-weight antioxidants (α-tocopherol, glutathione) accumulate, while the chloroplast area and chlorophyll contents decrease, which may facilitate desiccation tolerance by preventing damage mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we investigated the influence of moisture, light, oxygen, and temperature on redox homeostasis and cell longevity. Respiration and unbound freezable water were detectable in cells equilibrated to ≥90% relative humidity (RH), a threshold above which viability considerably shortened. At 92.5% RH and 21 °C, antioxidants depleted over days as cells lost viability, especially in an oxygen-rich atmosphere, supporting the role of ROS production in uncoupled respiration in viability loss. At 80% RH and 21 °C, redox homeostasis was maintained over weeks, and longevity was less influenced by oxygen. Light and oxygen was a lethal combination at 92.5% RH, under which pigments bleached, while in the dark only astaxanthin bleached. Viability positively correlated with glutathione concentrations across all treatments, while correlation with α-tocopherol was weaker, indicating limited viability loss from lipid peroxidation at 80% RH. In cells equilibrated to 50% RH, longevity and redox homeostasis showed strong temperature dependency, and viability was maintained at sub-zero temperatures for up to three years, revealing cryogenic storage to be an optimal strategy to store H. lacustris germplasm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Plants)

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