Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are specialized membranous, nanosized endocytic vesicles that are secreted by most cell types in the human body, including tumor cells. EVs contain key biomolecules such as RNA, DNA, proteins, and lipids, which are promising biomarkers for clinical applications in cancer management. This Topic aims to contribute original articles and reviews to the investigation and identification of EV-related biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Prof. Dr. Shenglin Huang
Dr. Linlin Guo
Dr. Jialei Wang
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Biomolecules biomolecules	4.8	9.4	2011	18.4 Days	CHF 2700
Cancers cancers	4.5	8.0	2009	17.4 Days	CHF 2900
Current Oncology curroncol	2.8	3.3	1994	19.8 Days	CHF 2200
Journal of Clinical Medicine jcm	3.0	5.7	2012	16 Days	CHF 2600
Onco onco	-	-	2021	27.8 Days	CHF 1000

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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All Biomolecules Cancers Current Oncology JCM Onco

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13 pages, 487 KiB  

Open AccessReview

The Importance of Extracellular Vesicle Screening in Gastric Cancer: A 2024 Update

by Vasile Bintintan, Claudia Burz, Irena Pintea, Adriana Muntean, Diana Deleanu, Iulia Lupan and Gabriel Samasca

Cancers 2024, 16(14), 2574; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16142574 - 18 Jul 2024

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1702

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles, or EVs, are membrane-bound nanocompartments produced by tumor cells. EVs carry proteins and nucleic acids from host cells to target cells, where they can transfer lipids, proteomes, and genetic material to change the function of target cells. EVs serve as reservoirs [...] Read more.

Extracellular vesicles, or EVs, are membrane-bound nanocompartments produced by tumor cells. EVs carry proteins and nucleic acids from host cells to target cells, where they can transfer lipids, proteomes, and genetic material to change the function of target cells. EVs serve as reservoirs for mobile cellular signals. The collection of EVs using less invasive processes has piqued the interest of many researchers. Exosomes carry substances that can suppress the immune system. If the results of exosome screening are negative, immunotherapy will be beneficial for GC patients. In this study, we provide an update on EVs and GC based on ongoing review papers and clinical trials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment)

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20 pages, 2799 KiB  

Open AccessReview

Blood-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as a Promising Liquid Biopsy Diagnostic Tool for Early Cancer Detection

by Dan He, Bozhou Cui, Hongkai Lv, Shuxian Lu, Yuan Zhu, Yuqiang Cheng, Lin Dang and Hong Zhang

Biomolecules 2024, 14(7), 847; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14070847 - 14 Jul 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1705

Abstract

Cancer poses a significant public health challenge worldwide, and timely screening has the potential to mitigate cancer progression and reduce mortality rates. Currently, early identification of most tumors relies on imaging techniques and tissue biopsies. However, the use of low-cost, highly sensitive, non-invasive [...] Read more.

Cancer poses a significant public health challenge worldwide, and timely screening has the potential to mitigate cancer progression and reduce mortality rates. Currently, early identification of most tumors relies on imaging techniques and tissue biopsies. However, the use of low-cost, highly sensitive, non-invasive detection methods for early cancer screening has become more attractive. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) released by all living cells contain distinctive biological components, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. These vesicles play crucial roles in the tumor microenvironment and intercellular communication during tumor progression, rendering liquid biopsy a particularly suitable method for diagnosis. Nevertheless, challenges related to purification methods and validation of efficacy currently hinder its widespread clinical implementation. These limitations underscore the importance of refining isolation techniques and conducting comprehensive investigations on EVs. This study seeks to evaluate the potential of liquid biopsy utilizing blood-derived EVs as a practical, cost-effective, and secure approach for early cancer detection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment)

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13 pages, 5060 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Fusion with ARRDC1 or CD63: A Strategy to Enhance p53 Loading into Extracellular Vesicles for Tumor Suppression

by Min Liu, Yu Zhang, Jianfeng He, Wanxi Liu, Zhexuan Li, Yiti Zhang, Ao Gu, Mingri Zhao, Mujun Liu and Xionghao Liu

Biomolecules 2024, 14(5), 591; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14050591 - 16 May 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2277

Abstract

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as promising therapeutic agents and drug delivery vehicles. Targeted modification of sEVs and their contents using genetic modification strategies is one of the most popular methods. This study investigated the effects of p53 fusion with arrestin domain-containing [...] Read more.

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as promising therapeutic agents and drug delivery vehicles. Targeted modification of sEVs and their contents using genetic modification strategies is one of the most popular methods. This study investigated the effects of p53 fusion with arrestin domain-containing protein 1 (ARRDC1) and CD63 on the generation of sEVs, p53 loading efficiency, and therapeutic efficacy. Overexpression of either ARRDC1–p53 (ARP) or CD63–p53 (CDP) significantly elevated p53 mRNA and protein levels. The incorporation of ARRDC1 and CD63 significantly enhanced HEK293T-sEV biogenesis, evidenced by significant increases in sEV-associated proteins TSG101 and LAMP1, resulting in a boost in sEV production. Importantly, fusion with ARRDC1 or CD63 substantially increased the efficiency of loading both p53 fusion proteins and its mRNA into sEVs. sEVs equipped with ARP or CDP significantly enhanced the enrichment of p53 fusion proteins and mRNA in p53-null H1299 cells, resulting in a marked increase in apoptosis and a reduction in cell proliferation, with ARP-sEVs demonstrating greater effectiveness than CDP-sEVs. These findings underscore the enhanced functionality of ARRDC1- and CD63-modified sEVs, emphasizing the potential of genetic modifications in sEV-based therapies for targeted cancer treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment)

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22 pages, 1643 KiB  

Open AccessReview

Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Exciting Potential as the Future of Next-Generation Drug Delivery

by Faisal A. Alzahrani, Mohammad Imran Khan, Nader Kameli, Elham Alsahafi and Yasir Mohamed Riza

Biomolecules 2023, 13(5), 839; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13050839 - 15 May 2023

Cited by 48 | Viewed by 7402

Abstract

Plant cells release tiny membranous vesicles called extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are rich in lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and pharmacologically active compounds. These plant-derived EVs (PDEVs) are safe and easily extractable and have been shown to have therapeutic effects against inflammation, cancer, bacteria, [...] Read more.

Plant cells release tiny membranous vesicles called extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are rich in lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and pharmacologically active compounds. These plant-derived EVs (PDEVs) are safe and easily extractable and have been shown to have therapeutic effects against inflammation, cancer, bacteria, and aging. They have shown promise in preventing or treating colitis, cancer, alcoholic liver disease, and even COVID-19. PDEVs can also be used as natural carriers for small-molecule drugs and nucleic acids through various administration routes such as oral, transdermal, or injection. The unique advantages of PDEVs make them highly competitive in clinical applications and preventive healthcare products in the future. This review covers the latest methods for isolating and characterizing PDEVs, their applications in disease prevention and treatment, and their potential as a new drug carrier, with special attention to their commercial viability and toxicological profile, as the future of nanomedicine therapeutics. This review champions the formation of a new task force specializing in PDEVs to address a global need for rigor and standardization in PDEV research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment)

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18 pages, 2599 KiB  

Open AccessReview

Exosomal LncRNAs in Gastrointestinal Cancer: Biological Functions and Emerging Clinical Applications

by Yuntong Sun, Fengtian Sun, Jianhua Jin, Wenrong Xu and Hui Qian

Cancers 2023, 15(3), 959; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030959 - 2 Feb 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2519

Abstract

Due to the lack of specific and effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets, the early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancer remain unsatisfactory. As a type of nanosized vesicles derived from living cells, exosomes mediate cell-to-cell communication by transporting bioactive molecules, thus participating in [...] Read more.

Due to the lack of specific and effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets, the early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancer remain unsatisfactory. As a type of nanosized vesicles derived from living cells, exosomes mediate cell-to-cell communication by transporting bioactive molecules, thus participating in the regulation of many pathophysiological processes. Recent evidence has revealed that several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are enriched in exosomes. Exosomes-mediated lncRNAs delivery is critically involved in various aspects of gastrointestinal cancer progression, such as tumor proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, stemness, immune microenvironment, and drug resistance. Exosomal lncRNAs represent promising candidates to act as the diagnosis biomarkers and anti-tumor targets. This review introduces the major characteristics of exosomes and lncRNAs and describes the biological functions of exosomal lncRNAs in gastrointestinal cancer development. The preclinical studies on using exosomal lncRNAs to monitor and treat gastrointestinal cancer are also discussed, and the opportunities and challenges for translating them into clinical practice are evaluated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment)

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