Huaneng Rudong 300 MW offshore wind farm project is located in eastern China. The wake effect is one of the major concerns for wind farm operators, as all 70 units are plotted in ranks, and the sea surface roughness is low. This paper investigated th...
The wake of a wind turbine is a crucial factor that decreases the output of downstream wind turbines and causes unsteady loading. Various wake models have been developed to understand it, ranging from simple ones to elaborate models that require long...
Turbine-induced velocity deficit is the main reason to reduce wind farm power generation and increase the fatigue loadings. It is meaningful to investigate turbine-induced wake structures by a simple and accurate method. In this study, a series of si...
In recent times, blades that have the ability to change shape passively or actively have garnered interest due to their ability to optimize blade performance for varying flow conditions. Various versions of morphing exist, from simple chord length ch...
This paper reports a novel frandsen generalized wake model and its variation model-frandsen generalized normal distribution wake model for off-shore wind farms. Two different new wake models in off-shore wind farms have been studied comparatively. Th...
This paper presents an assessment of machine-learned turbulence closures, trained for improving wake-mixing prediction, in the context of LPT flows. To this end, a three-dimensional cascade of industrial relevance, representative of modern LPT bladin...
Wind energy is essential for sustainable energy development, providing a clean and reliable energy source through the wind turbine. However, the vortices and turbulence generated as wind passes through turbines reduce wind speed and increase turbulen...
The wake effect is one of the main factors affecting the power generation of wind farms. Wake regulation is often used to reduce the wake interference between wind turbines. Accurate assessment of the wake flow of wind turbine is essential to wake re...
This paper presents a modified version of the Ainslie eddy viscosity wake model and its accuracy by comparing it with selected exiting wake models and wind tunnel test results. The wind tunnel test was performed using a 1.9 m rotor diameter wind turb...
Yaw-based wake steering control is a potential way to improve wind plant overall performance. For its engineering application, it is crucial to accurately predict the turbine wakes under various yawed conditions within a short time. In this work, a t...
Methods for wind farm power optimization through the use of wake steering often rely on engineering wake models due to the computational complexity associated with resolving wind farm dynamics numerically. Within the transient, turbulent atmospheric...
The combination of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) profile and the rotation of wind turbine wakes leads to lateral and vertical displacements of the wake center and to changes in the wake diameter, which are not taken into account by conventiona...
In a wind farm some wind turbines may be affected by multiple upwind wakes. The commonly used approach in engineering to simulate the interaction effect of different wakes is to combine the single analytical wake model and the interaction model. The...
We apply a modified proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) to large eddy simulation data of a wind turbine wake in a turbulent atmospheric boundary layer. The turbine is modeled as an actuator disk. Our analysis mainly focuses on the pragmatic identif...
This study presents the setup, methodology and results from a measurement campaign dedicated to the characterization of full-scale wind turbine wakes under different inflow conditions. The measurements have been obtained from two pulsed scanning Dopp...
In this study, we aim to investigate if there is a scaling of the streamwise distance from a wind turbine that leads to a collapse of the mean wake velocity deficit under different ambient turbulence levels. For this purpose, we perform large-eddy si...
The precise wake model is crucial for accurately estimating wind farm loads and power, playing a key role in wake control within wind farms. This study proposes a segmented dual-Gaussian wake model, which is built upon existing dual-Gaussian wake mod...
Wake models play a fundamental role in finding optimized solutions in wind farm control. In fact, they allow assessing how wakes develop and interact with each other with the agility required for real-time applications. In this paper, a Gaussian Wake...
Wind energy is one of the fastest growing renewable energy sources in the U.S. Wind turbine wakes change the flow field within wind farms and reduce power generation. Prior research has used experimental and computational methods to investigate and m...
Wind tunnel experiments were performed, where the development of the wake of a model wind turbine was measured using stereo Particle Image Velocimetry to observe the influence of platform pitch motion. The wakes of a classical bottom fixed turbine an...
Accurate prediction of wind turbine wakes is important for more efficient design and operation of wind parks. Volumetric wake measurements of nacelle-mounted Doppler lidars are used to characterize the wake of a full-scale wind turbine and to validat...
In this study, we present an analytical modeling framework for wind turbine wakes under an arbitrary pressure gradient imposed by the base flow. The model is based on the conservation of the streamwise momentum and self-similarity of the wake velocit...
Wind turbines within an array do not experience free-stream undisturbed flow fields. Rather, the flow fields on internal turbines are influenced by wakes generated by upwind unit and exhibit different dynamic characteristics relative to the free stre...
Wake models play an integral role in wind farm layout optimization and operations where associated design and control decisions are only as good as the underlying wake model upon which they are based. However, the desired model fidelity must be count...
This paper discusses how the incorporation of high-resolution ground coverage dataset ESA WorldCover into a wind flow field and wake simulation calculation, as well as the use of the coupled wake model for wind farm output simulation, can improve the...
In this work, large eddy simulation data is analysed to investigate a new stochastic modeling approach for the wake of a wind turbine. The data is generated by the large eddy simulation (LES) model PALM combined with an actuator disk with rotation re...
In the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging of ship-induced wakes, it is difficult to obtain the Doppler velocity of a Kelvin wake due to the lack of time-varying wake models and suitable radar equipment. The conventional Kelvin wake investigation...
Many bottom-mounted offshore wind farms are currently planned for the coastal areas of Japan, in which wind speeds of 6.0–10.0 m/s are extremely common. The impact of such wind speeds is very relevant for the realization of bottom-mounted offshore wi...
For staggered boxwings the predictions of induced drag that rely on common potential-flow methods can be of limited accuracy. For example, linear, freestream-fixed wake models cannot resolve effects related to wake deflection and roll-up, which can h...
In this work, two different theoretical models for predicting the wind velocity downwind of an H-rotor vertical-axis wind turbine are presented. The first model uses mass conservation together with the momentum theory and assumes a top-hat distributi...
Aiming at the problem where the current engineering wake model does not describe the wind speed distribution of the wake in the complex terrain wind farm completely, based on the three-dimensional full wake model (3DJGF wake model), this paper propos...
In this study, an analytical wake model for predicting the mean velocity field downstream of a wind turbine under veering incoming wind is systematically derived and validated. The new model, which is an extended version of the one introduced by Bast...
The Actuator Disk (AD) model is widely used in Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) to simulate wind turbine wakes because of its computing efficiency. The capability of the AD model in predicting time-average quantities of wind tunnel-scale turbines has bee...
This study experimentally investigates the wake-induced vibration (WIV) behavior of a bio-inspired harbor seal whisker model subjected to upstream propeller-generated unsteady flows. Vibration amplitudes, frequencies, and wake–whisker interacti...
The Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) is adopted to simulate the wind turbine wake and the simulation results are compared with the wind tunnel test data, simulation results from the standard k-ε model and a modified k-ε model. RSM shows good performance i...
In response to the critical demand for improved characterization of atmospheric stability effects in wind turbine wake prediction, this study proposes and systematically validates a new analytical wake model that incorporates atmospheric stability ef...
Wake analysis plays a significant role in wind-farm planning through the evaluation of losses and energy yield. Wind-tunnel tests for wake studies have high costs and are time-consuming. Therefore, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) emerges as an eff...
In recent years, a major focus on wind farm wake control is to maximise the production of wind farms. To improve the power generation efficiency of wind farms through wake regulation, this study investigates yaw optimisation for wind farm production...
This study investigates the influence of atmospheric stability and ground effects on wind turbine wake recovery, challenging the conventional linear relationship between turbulence intensity and wake expansion coefficient. Through comprehensive field...
With the increasing demand for wind energy, the vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) is attracting more and more attention. In order to design the VAWT array for better performance, the VAWT wake model needs to reflect the wake characteristics well. Bas...
The present paper addresses the evolution of turbulence characteristics in wind turbine wakes immersed in a turbulent boundary layer. The study thereby focuses on finding physically consistent scaling laws for the wake width, the velocity deficit, an...
The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)-based generalized actuator disc method along with the Reynolds stress model (AD/RANS_RSM) is assessed for wind turbine wake simulation. The evaluation is based on validations with four sets of experime...
Non-threatening familiar sounds can go unnoticed during sleep despite the fact that they enter our brain by exciting the auditory nerves. Extracellular cortical recordings in the primary auditory cortex of rodents show that an increase in firing rate...
A novel analytical model is proposed and validated in this paper to predict the velocity deficit in the wake downwind of a wind turbine. The model is derived by employing mass and momentum conservation and assuming a cosine-shaped distribution for th...
Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) overestimates the mean vertical velocity gradient in some atmospheric stable conditions, i.e., Richardson number R f < 0.25 . To obtain a given hub-height inflow velocity for a certain roughnes...
A time-stepping, lifting-line solution algorithm for the prediction of the unsteady aerodynamics of morphing wings is presented. The velocity induced by the wake vorticity is determined through a free-wake vortex-lattice model, whereas the Küssn...
Increasing wind power generation has been introduced into power systems to meet the renewable energy targets in power generation. The output efficiency and output power stability are of great importance for wind turbines to be integrated into power s...
Wind Farm Layout Optimization (WFLO) can be useful to minimize power losses associated with turbine wakes in wind farms. This work presents a new evolutionary WFLO methodology integrated with a recently developed and successfully validated Gaussian w...
The detection of the wakes of moving ships in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery requires the presence of wake signatures, which are sufficiently distinctive from the ocean background. Various wake components exist, which constitute the SAR signa...
On a wind farm, the wake has an important impact on the performance of the wind turbines. For example, the wake of an upstream wind turbine affects the blade load and output power of the downstream wind turbine. In this paper, a modified actuator lin...
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