Search Results (93)

Sports-related oro-dento-facial trauma is a major clinical and socioeconomic burden, with oro-dento-facial injuries affecting approximately 30–40% of athletes. Mouthguards are widely recommended as primary protective devices, yet the comparative effectiveness of custom-made versus stock and boil-and-bite designs remains unclear. This scoping review aimed to map the clinical evidence on different mouthguard types for preventing sports-related oro-dento-facial injuries. The review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched on 22 January 2026, without restrictions on language, date, or design. Eligibility was defined using the PICOS framework, and three reviewers independently performed selection and data extraction (Cohen’s kappa = 0.79). Of 820 records, eight studies published between 1989 and 2025 met the inclusion criteria, covering contact and non-contact sports across a wide age range. Custom-made mouthguards, mainly fabricated from ethylene-vinyl acetate, were consistently associated with reductions in dental trauma, intraoral lacerations, and temporomandibular joint injuries, with statistically significant effects in several studies (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Heterogeneity in design, materials, and outcomes precluded quantitative synthesis. Custom-made mouthguards are associated with favourable clinical outcomes; however, direct comparative evidence remains limited, and the heterogeneity of the available studies precludes definitive conclusions regarding their superiority over non-custom devices. Standardised reporting and large prospective studies are needed to define optimal material and design parameters. Full article

Background/Objectives: Dental trauma is recognized as a global public health problem due to its prevalence and psychosocial consequences. This study aimed to verify the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries in practitioners of combat sports and whether they were associated with sociodemographic and sports variables in a capital city in southeastern Brazil. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 284 athletes over 18 years of age from 17 academies that offered combat sports. Data collection was performed by a single examiner through individual interviews and a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic profile, access to oral health services, sport modality, experience with dental trauma during combat sports, mouthguard use, and guidance on dental injuries. Descriptive analyses, frequency tables, the Chi-square test (p < 0.05), and Odds Ratio were used. Results: Most participants were male (n = 203; 71.48%), aged up to 25 years (n = 75; 26.41%). The most practiced sports were Jiu-Jitsu (n = 79; 27.82%) and Kickboxing (n = 77; 27.11%). Among participants who suffered dental trauma (n = 19; 6.69%), single episodes predominated (n = 9; 47.37%), enamel fractures were most frequent (n = 7; 36.84%), and anterior teeth were the most affected (n = 9; 47.36%). Most were not using a mouthguard at the time of trauma (n = 15; 78.95%), although they considered mouthguard use important (n = 229; 80.63%), and most had not received guidance on dental trauma (n = 237; 83.45%). Age group was significantly associated with dental trauma (p = 0.016; OR = 3.33; 95% CI: 1.167–9.524). Conclusions: The prevalence of dental trauma among fighters was low. Mouthguard adherence was inconsistent, post-trauma management was inadequate, and most respondents had never received guidance on dental trauma. Public health policies should strengthen awareness and prevention of dental injuries in sports. Full article

Electric scooters (e-scooters) and electric bicycles (e-bikes) are established urban micromobility modes, and children and adolescents form a growing share of riders. This narrative review synthesises peer-reviewed evidence on e-scooter and e-bike injuries in patients aged 18 years or younger, covering epidemiology, mechanisms, injury patterns, clinical outcomes, comparisons with conventional devices, and prevention. Each source was classified as dedicated paediatric evidence, mixed-age evidence with extractable paediatric results, adult or mixed-age evidence used only for context, or an adult-dominated systematic review, so that the basis of every claim is explicit. The reported burden has risen across national surveillance data and single-centre series, and one population-adjusted analysis found injury rates increasing by 293% for e-bikes and by 88% for powered scooters between 2019 and 2022. Most studies lack exposure denominators, so exposure-adjusted paediatric risk remains poorly quantified and rising counts cannot be equated with rising risk. Injuries affect adolescent boys disproportionately and peak at ages 11 to 14 years. Extremity and soft-tissue injuries predominate, while a clinically important minority sustain traumatic brain injury, craniofacial and dental trauma, or severe multisystem injury. Low helmet use and higher device speeds are consistently associated with more severe outcomes, although observational designs cannot establish causal effects and device type is confounded with rider age and road exposure in every available paediatric comparison. Powered devices are associated with greater severity than non-powered counterparts. Speed limitation and helmet promotion appear promising, but paediatric-specific effectiveness evidence remains limited. Prospective paediatric research incorporating exposure denominators is the priority. Full article

Background: Individuals with sensory impairments often encounter barriers to oral health information, preventive care, and dental services. Despite a growing body of research, oral health among individuals with hearing and visual impairments has not been comprehensively evaluated across the full spectrum of oral health outcomes. This systematic review aimed to evaluate oral health outcomes and dental treatment needs in individuals with hearing and visual impairments. Methods: A literature search was performed in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and Web of Science from database inception to 8 January 2026, in collaboration with a medical information specialist, and in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Observational studies reporting oral hygiene, periodontal status, dental caries, dental needs, and other relevant oral health outcomes in individuals with hearing and visual impairments were included. Given the substantial clinical and methodological heterogeneity across the included studies, findings were synthesized using a narrative approach. Results: A total of 5650 records were identified, of which 84 studies were included. Oral health problems were frequently reported among individuals with sensory impairments. Dental caries was the most common finding. Poor oral hygiene, gingival inflammation, periodontal problems, and unmet treatment needs were also often described. Additional findings included traumatic dental injuries, malocclusion, salivary and microbiological alterations, functional oral limitations, and reduced oral health-related quality of life. Conclusions: Individuals with sensory impairments are likely to experience poorer oral health and considerable unmet dental needs. These findings highlight the need for improved preventive strategies, effective communication approaches, and more inclusive dental care. Full article

Background/Objectives: Traumatic dental injuries involving the maxillary anterior teeth are common; however, combined extrusive and lateral dislocation during active orthodontic treatment is uncommon and presents unique management challenges. This case report describes the multidisciplinary management of traumatic extrusive and lateral dislocation of the maxillary right lateral incisor (#7) and maxillary right central incisor (#8) in a 27-year-old patient undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment following sports-related trauma. Methods: Clinical examination revealed marked coronal and lateral displacement, pathologic mobility, gingival laceration, active bleeding, and deformation of the orthodontic archwire. Both affected teeth had complete root formation. Emergency management included immediate repositioning of the displaced teeth and urgent endodontic treatment. Semi-rigid stabilization was achieved using metallic ligatures and a rectangular stainless-steel orthodontic archwire, supplemented by temporary skeletal anchorage with a mini-screw and posterior bite turbos to reduce occlusal loading. The patient was monitored clinically and radiographically throughout healing and subsequent orthodontic treatment. Results: Follow-up examinations demonstrated favorable periodontal healing, stable retention of the traumatized teeth, absence of pathologic mobility, and successful continuation of orthodontic treatment. Radiographic evaluation showed no evidence of inflammatory root resorption or other significant complications. At the 16-month follow-up, the affected teeth remained functional and stable, and implant placement was successfully completed at the congenitally missing maxillary canine site. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of immediate interdisciplinary management of traumatic dental dislocation during orthodontic treatment. Fixed orthodontic appliances, when appropriately incorporated into emergency stabilization protocols, may contribute to successful tooth retention and favorable long-term outcomes. Full article

Background and Objectives: Traumatic dentoalveolar injuries (TDI) in children often require urgent stabilization using splints. Titanium trauma splints (TTS) represent a practical option; however, pediatric evidence from hospital-based emergency settings remains limited. This study describes the clinical and contextual characteristics of children treated with TTS and explores factors associated with early complications and splint stability. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted at a Pediatric Dentistry Service, including children with TDI managed with TTS and followed for a minimum of three months. Clinical records were reviewed to collect demographic, contextual, and clinical variables. Early complications and the need for re-splinting were recorded, and associations between selected variables and outcomes were analyzed. Results: Seventy-three patients (64.4% male; mean age 10.29 ± 2.99 years) and 127 traumatized teeth (98.4% permanent) were included. A predominance of school-based injuries was observed (52.1%). The most frequent injury types were subluxation (39.1%), avulsion (26.6%), and extrusion (16.4%). A longer interval between trauma and splint placement was associated with inflammatory root resorption (p = 0.011), although this finding should be interpreted with caution given the limited number of events. Mixed-dentition splints showed a higher likelihood of requiring re-splinting (OR = 12.23; 95% CI: 1.18–126.60); however, this estimate was imprecise and should be interpreted as an exploratory signal. Overall, 90.4% of patients completed treatment with a single splint. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this retrospective observational cohort, TTS showed satisfactory short-term clinical stability in pediatric traumatic dental injuries. Longer time between trauma and splint placement was associated with inflammatory root resorption, while mixed-dentition splints emerged as a potential signal of increased re-splinting. These findings are exploratory and hypothesis-generating and require confirmation in future studies. Full article

Background/Objectives: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs), particularly avulsion, require immediate and appropriate first aid to ensure favorable outcomes. Adolescents are often the first responders during school or sports activities, yet their preparedness remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and awareness of adolescents regarding the emergency management of TDIs. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 400 adolescents aged 15 to 18 years from four randomly selected colleges in Mangaluru, Karnataka. A structured, validated 16-item questionnaire assessed demographic characteristics and domains of knowledge (6 items), attitude (6 items), and awareness (6 items). Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and one-way ANOVA. Results: The mean knowledge score was 2.50 ± 1.04 (95% CI: 2.40–2.60), indicating limited knowledge of dental trauma management; only 26.3% of participants recognized that avulsed permanent teeth can be replanted and 7% identified an appropriate storage medium. The mean attitude score was comparatively high (4.38 ± 1.12; 95% CI: 4.27–4.49), with 88.8% of students willing to assist an injured peer, reflecting a large attitude–knowledge discrepancy (Cohen’s d = 1.47). The mean awareness score was 2.24 ± 1.24 (95% CI: 2.12–2.36), indicating limited awareness of preventive practices, including low mouthguard use (11.5%). Shapiro–Wilk testing confirmed non-normal distribution of KAA scores (p < 0.05); accordingly, non-parametric analyses showed no significant differences across schools, academic streams, gender, or education level (Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests; p > 0.05). Conclusions: Despite favorable attitudes toward assisting peers, adolescents demonstrated limited knowledge and awareness regarding the emergency management and prevention of traumatic dental injuries, particularly in tooth replantation, appropriate storage media, and mouthguard use, highlighting the need for targeted, school-based dental first-aid education programs. Full article

Background/Objectives: Emergency department healthcare professionals are often the first to provide treatment, yet studies indicate limited knowledge in Traumatic Dental Injuries (TDIs) management among these providers. While research on TDI management in emergency departments exists globally, recent data from Saudi Arabia is lacking. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of emergency department physicians, nurses, and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) regarding TDIs in three major hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results: Physicians (46.4%) were significantly (p = 0.02) more likely to respond that they have sufficient knowledge about TDIs compared to nurses and EMS personnel. Of the 221 respondents, 136 (62%) were in the age group of 30–40 years, while females (OR 4.23, p = 0.00, CI 2.29–23.13) and nurses (OR 4.88, p = 0.00, CI 2.39–9.96) were more likely to say ‘No’ for any form of training they received in dental trauma during their education. Young (20–30 years old) professionals (OR 3.70, p = 0.04, CI 1.53–8.92) were less likely to feel confident in managing cases of dental trauma compared to their senior colleagues. Conclusions: In this study, nurses’ and EMS personnel’s knowledge of dental trauma management was poorer than that of physicians. Most respondents reported that dental trauma management was not part of their curriculum or training, which, in turn, was reflected in their low confidence in managing such cases. Full article

This narrative review aims to analyze sex-specific differences in oral health, examine hormonal influences in women during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause, and compare oral health behaviors between men and women. Articles were selected based on: (1) sex-specific aspects of oral diseases, (2) hormonal influences on oral health, (3) comparative analyses between sexes, and (4) sex-disaggregated data on oral disease prevalence. Women experience hormonal vulnerabilities with estrogen deficiency causing xerostomia, mucosal atrophy, and increased caries susceptibility, showing parallels between oral and vaginal mucosa. Men demonstrate higher periodontitis prevalence (57% vs. 38%), utilize preventive services one-third less frequently, and show higher smoking rates (67% vs. 42%) and traumatic dental injuries (2:1 ratio). Women maintain better oral hygiene and treatment adherence. Sex-specific factors affecting both sexes remain unconsidered in dental practice. Women need targeted interventions during hormonal transitions, while men require improved preventive care engagement. Future research integrating sex-specific considerations is required to enable personalized oral health approaches for both sexes. Full article

Background/Objectives: Oral mucosal wounds are frequently encountered in daily dental practice and are often difficult to manage because of continuous exposure to saliva, mastication, and mechanical irritation. This technical note describes the clinical practicality of an oral liquid bandage (ORAPLA) as a film-forming protective barrier for traumatic and surgical oral mucosal wounds. Methods: ORAPLA was applied in four clinical scenarios: a traumatic lip bite injury, a postoperative mucosal defect following leukoplakia excision, a biopsy wound for suspected oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and aphthous stomatitis. Clinical observations included patient-reported symptom relief, film retention, and the clinical appearance of epithelialization at follow-up (1–2 weeks). Results: In all cases, ORAPLA formed a thin protective film immediately after application and was typically observed to remain on the wound surface for approximately 5–6 h under routine daily activities. Patients reported prompt subjective pain relief, and no adverse events were observed. Epithelialization proceeded without clinically evident secondary infection during the follow-up period. Conclusions: In this small descriptive case series, ORAPLA was feasible to apply, well tolerated, and provided temporary mechanical protection with immediate subjective comfort. Controlled studies using standardized outcome measures are warranted. Full article

Background: Congenital Insensitivity to Pain and Anhidrosis (CIPA) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital analgesia, anhidrosis, and multisystem involvement affecting the musculoskeletal, cutaneous, oral, and para-oral structures. This case report describes the oral phenotype and multidisciplinary clinical management of a child with CIPA. Case Description: A 9-year-old boy presented with poor oral hygiene, multiple severely damaged teeth, masticatory difficulty, limited mouth opening, impaired bolus control, and para-oral traumatic injuries. Medical and orthopedic history indicated recurrent painless fractures, self-inflicted injuries, cutaneous scarring, and recurrent hyperpyrexia. Oral self-injury associated with CIPA was suspected and supported by the Nociception Assessment Test and Minor’s Iodine–Starch Test. Although the clinical findings were suggestive of CIPA, the diagnosis remained presumptive due to the absence of confirmatory molecular or histopathological testing. Management: A wearable wireless continuous temperature-monitoring device was prescribed to assist in tracking hyperpyrexia associated with CIPA (RHA-CIPA). A conservative, staged, multidisciplinary treatment was planned rather than full-mouth extraction, emphasizing prevention of dental sepsis and mitigation of future self-injury. Dental procedures were performed under local anesthesia to manage discomfort related to tactile hyperesthesia. To reduce nocturnal biting and oral trauma, a hard acrylic occlusal protector was fabricated using an intraoral scanner and a 3D-printed cast. The patient was followed for 12 months. Outcomes: At the 12-month follow-up, clinical improvement was observed, with particularly notable gains in cheek elasticity and soft tissue resilience. Conclusions: This case highlights the considerable challenges involved in the interdisciplinary management of children with CIPA, including oral self-injury prevention, limited mouth opening, and the necessity of close coordination with medical specialties. These findings are descriptive observations of a single case and do not establish efficacy or generalizability of any intervention. Full article

Aim: Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in children are a common but often underestimated emergency. Parental knowledge and timely response are crucial for successful treatment. This study aimed to evaluate parental knowledge, experiences, and awareness regarding dental trauma management and the use of protective mouthguards. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire among 333 parents in dental clinics in Split and Zagreb, Croatia. The questionnaire assessed sociodemographic data, parental knowledge of TDIs, and prior experience with dental trauma. Statistical analysis included chi-square test (p < 0.05). Results: The overall level of parental knowledge regarding traumatic dental injuries was generally low (7.6 out of 15 points). Almost all parents correctly identified the age when children have primary or permanent teeth. However, less than half knew that an avulsed primary tooth should not be replanted, while about three-quarters recognized that professional help should be sought within 30 min after trauma. Overall, 43.5% of parents reported that their child had experienced dental trauma, most often affecting primary teeth (60.7%), particularly the maxillary central incisor (76.6%). Mothers demonstrated significantly higher knowledge than fathers (p = 0.025), and prior experience or information about dental trauma significantly improved awareness (p < 0.001). Although 54.3% of respondents were unaware of the purpose of dental shields, 82.3% considered them necessary during contact sports, yet only 12.9% reported that their child actually uses them. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this clinic-based study, the findings indicate gaps in parental knowledge regarding the appropriate management of dental trauma. Strengthening parents’ understanding of emergency response and preventive measures may support timelier and appropriate care and contribute to improved outcomes for children experiencing traumatic dental injuries. Full article

Objective. To evaluate the prevalence, risk factors, aetiology, and management of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) among children aged 1–18 years attending the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Damascus University, Syria, during 2023–2024, and to illustrate representative clinical cases with documented outcomes. Methods. This retrospective cross-sectional study reviewed 2716 patient records (2023–2024) and identified 301 children with TDIs. Demographic, clinical, and behavioural variables were extracted and analysed using χ², t tests, ANOVA, and binary logistic regression (IBM SPSS v26). Results. The overall TDI prevalence was 11.08%. Males were over twice as likely as females to experience TDIs (OR = 2.30; 95% CI = 1.76–3.01; p < 0.001). Older age acted as a protective factor (OR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.43–0.74; p < 0.001). Falls were the most common cause (63.7%), and injuries most often occurred at home (48.9%). The maxillary central incisors were most frequently affected (68.5% of cases). Children with special healthcare needs had significantly more traumatised teeth (mean = 2.61 ± 1.13) than healthy children (1.66 ± 0.92; p < 0.001). Nearly half of the patients (45.3%) presented > one month after injury, and asymptomatic apical periodontitis and reversible pulpitis were the most frequent diagnoses. Representative case presentations demonstrated multidisciplinary management using restorative, endodontic, and orthodontic approaches with favourable follow-up outcomes. Conclusions. TDIs affected about one in nine children in this Syrian cohort. Male gender, younger age, and previous trauma were key risk factors. The predominance of delayed presentation underscores the need for community education, early referral systems, and targeted preventive programs within school and home environments. Full article

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has transformed endodontic practice by enabling more precise diagnosis and treatment of pulpal and apical pathologies. The aim of this review was to summarize the current clinical applications, benefits and limitations of CBCT in endodontic practice. A search of electronic databases identified relevant literature on CBCT applications, innovations, and limitations. Emphasis was placed on identifying contemporary studies published in the last 5 years. In general, CBCT demonstrates better diagnostic efficacy across multiple applications, including identifying complex anatomy, detection of apical periodontitis, pre-surgical planning and the diagnosis and management of longitudinal root fractures, traumatic dental injuries and root resorptions. However, clinicians should balance the benefits of CBCT against its shortcomings, such as increased radiation exposure, presence of artifacts and higher costs. Proper use requires adherence to guidelines, optimized machine settings, and interpretation by trained individuals. Recent research explores the integration of CBCT with emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and guided systems. In summary, CBCT remains an essential tool for clinical decision-making in endodontics when used judiciously, with ongoing research continuing to expand its potential applications. Full article

Background/Objectives: Ocular trauma (OT) and traumatic dental injuries (TDI) inflicted by police officers not only cause significant physical harm, but also psychological trauma. The clinical attention given by health care teams may induce revictimization or retraumatization phenomena, which affect the psychological status of the victim. The objective of this research is to bring to light the psychological experiences related to emergency care processes and rehabilitation of people affected by OT and TDI caused by police violence. Methods: Qualitative research was conducted based on in-depth interviews with eighteen people affected by OT or TDI during the social outbreak in Chile in 2019–2020. Data analysis was based on the principles of grounded theory. Results: Three main categories emerged: quality of interpersonal relationships with health care providers, expectations of care and treatment and psychological consequences. The findings show that retraumatization and revictimization arise from clinical care in the context of state violence. Conclusions: Revictimization and retraumatization are the most characteristic phenomena occurring in the health care of people affected by OT and TDI caused by police violence. The probability of their occurrence depends mainly on the interpersonal relationships established with the health care team and the management of patient expectations regarding health care. Full article