Search Results (517)

Understanding how the built environments of historic districts shape tourist experiences and behavioral intentions is important for their sustainable development. Drawing on scene theory and the Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) model, this study employs structural equation modeling (SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to empirically analyze 498 valid questionnaire responses collected in Pingjiang Historic District, Suzhou, China. The study examines the relationships among built environmental stimuli, psychological experience, and tourist behavioral intentions. The findings show that: (1) Tourist behavioral intentions are associated with multiple interacting conditions rather than a single linear factor; (2) A distinctive cultural atmosphere and sustained cultural knowledge experiences may provide conditions that support tourists’ attachment to the district and are associated with intentions to revisit, recommend, and share their experiences. Rich sensory experiences and locally distinctive activities may contribute to hedonic experience, place attachment, and cultural identity, thereby supporting positive behavioral intentions. In addition, integrating cultural knowledge into interactions among tourists and between tourists and local groups may provide a context in which hedonic experience and positive behavioral intentions are more likely to emerge. (3) Among the psychological experience variables, strengthening tourists’ identification with local culture can provide a relatively stable psychological basis for revisiting, recommending, and sharing historic-district experiences. Full article

Information asymmetry in the unobservable sustainability attributes of food products, together with widespread consumer scepticism toward unverifiable green claims, continues to constrain the translation of pro-environmental attitudes into actual purchases. Blockchain technology has been positioned as a structural response to this asymmetry because its tamper-evident and independently verifiable records lower the cost of substantiating credence claims. However, the bulk of the consumer-facing evidence has examined blockchain as an object of adoption rather than as a conduit of information whose quality determines its persuasive force. Drawing on Signalling Theory within a Stimulus–Organism–Response framework, this study advances and tests a model in which blockchain-enabled information quality (stimulus) influences sustainable purchase decision-making (response) through perceived credibility (organism), with consumer trust serving as a boundary condition on the stimulus-to-organism path. A cross-sectional survey of 412 agri-food consumers was analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling to test direct, mediated, moderated, and conditional indirect effects. The contributions are threefold: blockchain is re-specified as an information signal whose quality, rather than the technology itself, drives downstream sustainability behaviour; perceived credibility is empirically isolated as the psychological mechanism that carries that effect; and message-level credibility is analytically separated from dispositional trust, addressing a recurring conflation in the digital transparency literature. Full article

As generative AI technologies become increasingly embedded in educational cloud platforms, understanding their impact on teacher professional development is essential. Grounded in the stimulus–organism–response (S–O–R) framework, this study investigates how AI-driven stimuli—hedonicity, interactivity, and immersion—influence teachers’ self-regulation and resilience. Using structural equation modeling, data were collected from in-service teachers in Taiwan who actively utilize educational cloud platforms. The results reveal that all three AI-driven stimuli significantly enhance teachers’ self-regulation and resilience, which in turn are significantly associated with perceived value co-creation intentions. Specifically, self-regulation enables teachers to manage goals effectively, while resilience supports their recovery from technical setbacks. The findings indicate that self-regulation positively influences resilience, and both appear to mediate the relationship between perceived AI-driven stimuli and teachers’ value co-creation intentions. This study highlights the potential role of teachers’ psychological adaptability in AI-enhanced environments. Practical implications suggest that platform developers and administrators should prioritize AI features that foster self-directed learning and emotional engagement to promote collaborative willingness and professional alignment within modern educational ecosystems rather than implying proven macro-level transformation. Full article

This research examines the psychological mechanisms that drive consumers’ fear of missing out (FoMO) in the context of digital marketing. Consumers are increasingly influenced by market dynamics that affect product availability and vendors’ supply chains, often alongside the widespread impact of suppliers’ marketing messages and social factors. Using the S-O-R (stimulus–organism–response) model, we test a double-mediation model via structural equation modeling on a sample of online customers. The main goal of the study is to examine how the effects of social proof and perceived scarcity create a sense of urgency, thereby influencing FoMO. The results indicate that customers’ perceptions of scarcity have a strong and statistically significant effect on urgency, while social proof exerts a weaker yet notable influence. Moreover, urgency significantly amplifies both the socially related component and the general fear of missed opportunities. Mediation analyses reveal that perceived scarcity affects FoMO indirectly through urgency. Although this supports the proposed mediation pathway, the substantial empirical overlap between perceived scarcity and urgency suggests that this relationship should be interpreted with caution. In contrast, social proof’s indirect effects are not statistically significant. These findings suggest that urgency serves as a crucial psychological mechanism mediating the influence of perceived scarcity on consumers’ emotional responses, while social proof may operate through alternative channels, such as social comparison or normative influence. This paper contributes to the S-O-R model and offers new insights into commodity theory and cognitive dissonance theory. Full article

Pedestrian safety at urban intersections is influenced by complex interactions among environmental conditions, social cues, and boundedly rational behavioral responses, making intervention planning under uncertainty particularly challenging. Existing studies have largely emphasized descriptive analysis or predictive modeling, with limited attention to prescriptive decision support under data scarcity. This study proposes a Bayesian-network-based robust optimization framework for pedestrian safety planning, complemented by a large language model (LLM)-assisted parameter-elicitation process. We first construct a three-layer Bayesian network based on the stimulus–organism–response paradigm to represent the propagation of risk from environmental cues through latent psychological mechanisms to behavioral violations and accident risk. To support model initialization when site-specific behavioral data are limited, we introduce an LLM-assisted elicitation protocol that maps literature-based qualitative evidence to intervention mechanisms, effect directions, and qualitative strength classes. Numerical parameter ranges are subsequently assigned through explicit mapping rules rather than generated directly by the LLM. We then formulate a bi-objective robust optimization model that distinguishes between physical interventions, which alter root-node distributions, and cognitive interventions, which modify conditional probability tables. Using the $ϵ$-constraint method, the framework generates Pareto-optimal intervention portfolios and evaluates cost–risk trade-offs under behavioral uncertainty and adverse operating scenarios. Full article

Community-based tourism (CBT) destinations create sustainability value that tourists may not fully observe during short visits. This study examines how perceived sustainability communication is associated with tourist support. Its originality lies in showing that sustainability communication in CBT is not directly associated with destination image or behavioral intention but appears to operate through destination personality as a symbolic interpretation mechanism before destination evaluation. Drawing on signaling theory and the stimulus–organism–response framework, perceived sustainability communication is conceptualized as a sustainability signal, destination personality as symbolic interpretation, destination image as cognitive–affective evaluation, and behavioral intention as tourist support. Data from 390 domestic tourists visiting six CBT destinations in Surat Thani Province, Thailand, were analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results show that perceived sustainability communication was associated with destination personality, which was subsequently associated with destination image and behavioral intention. Destination image was also associated with behavioral intention, while the direct associations with destination image and behavioral intention were not significant. Destination personality and destination image sequentially mediated the relationship. IPMA identified destination personality as the primary managerial priority, followed by destination image. The findings suggest that sustainability messages become behaviorally meaningful through symbolic interpretation and destination evaluation. Full article

This study aims to examine how celebrity-endorsed travel livestreaming, as a digital marketing innovation, influences booking intention through the mediating roles of perceived authenticity and emotional engagement. Drawing on the Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) framework, the study conceptualizes livestreaming as a stimulus that activates both cognitive and affective responses, which are subsequently associated with consumer behavioral intentions. A quantitative approach was adopted using a structured questionnaire distributed online to a diverse sample of 609 respondents. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the proposed relationships and mediation effects. The findings reveal that celebrity-endorsed travel livestreaming has a significant positive effect on booking intention, perceived authenticity, and emotional engagement. In addition, both perceived authenticity and emotional engagement positively influence booking intention, with emotional engagement demonstrating a stronger effect. The mediation analysis further confirms that both perceived authenticity and emotional engagement partially mediate the relationship between livestreaming and booking intention, indicating that the impact of livestreaming is largely transmitted through cognitive and affective mechanisms. The study makes several key contributions by extending the SOR framework to digitally immersive marketing contexts, reconceptualizing authenticity as an interaction-driven construct within celebrity-endorsed environments, and highlighting the prominent role of emotional engagement in consumer decision-making. These findings provide a more nuanced understanding of how innovative digital marketing formats are associated with consumer behavior and offer practical insights for designing more effective livestreaming strategies in the tourism industry. Full article

Online food delivery services (OFDSs) have become an integral component of consumers’ daily dining habits, making it important to understand consumers’ continuance tipping intention toward OFDS couriers. On the basis of stimulus–organism–response theory and social exchange theory, the present study examined how service quality and psychosocial motivations influence consumers’ continuance tipping intention toward OFDS couriers in Taiwan. Purposive sampling was adopted, and an online questionnaire survey was administered to OFDS consumers who had recently tipped delivery couriers. In total, 845 valid questionnaires were collected, and structural equation modeling was employed to test several proposed hypotheses. The results indicated that past tipping behavior was significantly and positively associated with continuance tipping intention. Perceived value partially mediated the relationships between perceived service quality and tipping behavior, as well as between perceived service quality and continuance tipping intention. In addition, psychosocial motivations, including gratitude, social obligation, and helping couriers, were significantly and positively associated with continuance tipping intention. Finally, the findings highlight the roles of service evaluations and psychosocial motivations in explaining consumers’ continuance tipping intention toward OFDS couriers. Full article

Museums are increasingly recognized as important cultural institutions for promoting sustainability by shaping visitors’ values, experiences, and consumption-related decisions. This study investigates how interactive marketing in museum settings is associated with Generation Z visitors’ sustainable consumption intention and examines the conditions under which these effects become stronger. Drawing on the stimulus–organism–response (S–O–R) framework, this study develops a moderated dual-mediation model in which interactive marketing represents the stimulus, experience value and green self-identity function as parallel organismic mechanisms, and sustainable consumption intention represents the behavioral response, with perceived authenticity serving as a boundary condition. Survey data were collected from 582 Generation Z visitors in China who had recently visited museums equipped with digital or interactive facilities. Using multi-item Likert scales adapted to the museum sustainability context, the proposed model was examined through structural equation modeling, bootstrapped mediation analysis, and latent interaction analysis. The results indicate that interactive marketing is positively associated with experience value, green self-identity, and sustainable consumption intention. Furthermore, experience value and green self-identity both mediate the relationship between interactive marketing and sustainable consumption intention, revealing two complementary mechanisms through which interactive museum experiences become behaviorally meaningful: an experiential pathway and an identity-relevant pathway. The findings further demonstrate that perceived authenticity strengthens the effects of experience value and green self-identity on sustainable consumption intention, suggesting that sustainability-oriented responses are more likely to emerge when museum sustainability practices are perceived as genuine and consistent with institutional values. This study contributes to sustainable consumption research by extending the S–O–R framework to museum-based cultural consumption and highlights the importance of integrating interactive experience design with authentic sustainability communication. Full article

AI-based interpretation is increasingly used in heritage tourism, yet its relationship with stewardship-relevant visitor responses remains insufficiently theorised. Drawing on the stimulus-organism-response framework, this study examines how visitor-perceived AI-based interpretation is associated with emotional experience and conservation-oriented behavioural intention at the Emei Mountain-Leshan Giant Buddha World Heritage Site in China. Survey data from 418 adult visitors collected in 2025 were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling. AI-based interpretation was positively associated with perceived authenticity (β = 0.657), parasocial interaction (β = 0.530), emotional experience (β = 0.355), and conservation-oriented behavioural intention (β = 0.117). The direct association with conservation-oriented behavioural intention was small. Approximately four-fifths of the total AII-CBI association was accounted for by statistically significant indirect pathways through authenticity, parasocial interaction, and emotional experience. Emotional experience was the strongest proximal predictor of conservation-oriented behavioural intention (β = 0.422). Supplementary indirect-effect and moderation analyses further indicate that authenticity-based and relation-based pathways link AI interpretation with stewardship-oriented intention, and that the AII-authenticity association is stronger among first-time visitors. These findings extend smart-tourism research beyond technology acceptance by showing how AI interpretation can operate as a heritage-communication resource when it is perceived as authentic, socially engaging, and emotionally meaningful. Full article

Consumer loyalty has become crucial in the sustainable fashion market for continued growth and sustainable competitive advantage. Building upon the theory of loyalty and the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S-O-R) framework, this study investigates how green brand quality, green brand price, and green brand image influence green consumer loyalty. Additionally, this study evaluates the mediating role of green brand trust. Data were collected via an online survey of 340 sustainable fashion consumers. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test direct and mediating hypotheses. The findings reveal that green brand quality and green brand image influenced green consumer loyalty. However, green product price had no effect. Additionally, green brand trust strongly influenced green consumer loyalty. It also played a mediating role between quality, image, and loyalty. Ultimately, this study positions brand image, quality, and trust as foundational mechanisms in sustainable consumer behavior, especially green consumer loyalty. Full article

The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and augmented reality (AR) is reshaping digital retail, yet how algorithmic transparency, explainable AI, and AR-based immersion jointly shape consumer responses remains theoretically underdeveloped. Drawing on the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S–O–R) model, this study examines the influence of cognitive stimuli (algorithmic transparency and explainable AI) and experiential cues (AR immersion) on trust, perceived usefulness, immersion, purchase decisions, and continued usage intention. Using survey data from 420 online shoppers in the West Bank, Palestine, and analyzed via structural equation modeling, the findings indicate that cognitive evaluations—particularly perceived usefulness and trust—exert stronger effects on purchase decisions than immersion. Specifically, algorithmic transparency enhances trust, while explainable AI strengthens perceived usefulness; AR immersion contributes to engagement, but its behavioral effects remain comparatively weaker. The results suggest that experiential engagement serves as a complementary enhancer, operating most effectively when supported by transparent and useful AI systems. The study extends AI–AR commerce literature by proposing a multi-stage S–O–R framework and demonstrating the conditional role of immersion in emerging digital markets. Full article

Growing environmental concerns have intensified interest in sustainable packaging; however, consumer adoption of beverages with environmentally friendly packaging remains relatively low in developing markets. This study investigates the determinants of consumers’ purchase intentions toward such beverages in Central Vietnam using the extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), integrated with the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S-O-R) framework. Data were collected from 475 consumers and analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). The results indicate low consumer familiarity with eco-friendly packaging labels, such as the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), Green Dot Logo, and Compostable Logos, and only moderate adoption of sustainable packaging materials, with particularly low willingness to purchase beverages in fully recycled packaging. SEM findings show that attitude, perceived behavioural control, and perceived consumer effectiveness are significant direct predictors of purchase intention. Subjective norms and perceived environmental packaging knowledge show positive but marginal direct effects, whereas packaging functions have no significant direct effect. Attitude and perceived behavioural control act as key mediators. The study highlights the need to strengthen consumer awareness, improve recognition of eco-labels, and enhance social and psychological support to promote the adoption of environmentally friendly beverage packaging. Full article

Despite increasing scholarly attention to short-video platforms as tourism communication tools, the mechanism through which sustainability-oriented persuasive cues shape Sustainable Tourism Intention remains insufficiently theorized. This article integrates the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) and the Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) framework to explain how short-video persuasive cues may influence Sustainable Tourism Intention through Environmental Attitude. Methodologically, the paper adopts a theory synthesis and conceptual integration approach to connect insights from short-video persuasion, sustainability communication, environmental attitude research, and tourism intention studies. The framework treats short-video sustainability communication as a cue-dense persuasive environment, identifies key cue families, organizes selected cues according to likely central/peripheral processing tendencies, and positions Environmental Attitude as the sustainability-specific organismic evaluative state through which cue exposure translates into intention. It proposes that both central route-oriented and peripheral route-oriented cues may strengthen Environmental Attitude and may thereby shape Sustainable Tourism Intention, although they do so through different processing tendencies. The article concludes that integrating ELM and SOR provides a clearer and more bounded explanation of short-video sustainability persuasion and offers a structured basis for future empirical research. Full article

Xenon is an active noble gas with anesthetic, neuroprotective and organ-protective properties, but its therapeutic application remains limited by high cost, the need for specialized delivery systems, and the inefficiency of conventional inhalation administration. In this context, Xenon encapsulation into lipid-based nanocarriers, including liposomes and microbubbles, has emerged as a promising strategy to improve targeted delivery, reduce overall Xenon consumption, and enable stimulus-responsive release. This review summarizes current approaches to Xenon loading into liposomes and microbubbles, with emphasis on formulation principles, physicochemical characteristics, stability, acoustic behavior, and ultrasound-triggered release. We further analyze available evidence from preclinical animal models, particularly ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, and subarachnoid hemorrhage, where Xenon-loaded carriers have demonstrated the potential to reduce tissue injury and improve functional outcomes. Particular attention is given to the comparative advantages and limitations of liposomal and microbubble-based platforms, including the loading efficiency, circulation behavior, and translational feasibility. Overall, Xenon encapsulation technologies represent a promising direction for the development of localized and potentially more economical Xenon-based therapy. However, further standardization of carrier characterization, dosing strategies, and preclinical protocols is required before these systems can be reliably advanced toward clinical translation. Full article