Search Results (741)

Background: Over recent decades, Latin America has undergone significant population aging, accompanied by persistent inequalities that adversely affect healthcare access, particularly among Indigenous populations. This scoping review aimed to map and synthesize the available evidence on healthcare access for older Indigenous women in the region, identifying relevant dimensions, barriers, facilitators, and existing knowledge gaps. Methods: A systematic search was performed in scientific databases and gray literature up to 19 June 2026, including studies published between 2020 and 2026 in Spanish, English, or Portuguese. The PCC framework (Population, Concept, Context) was applied. Following a multi-reviewer selection process involving seven reviewers and data extraction using a standardized matrix, the findings were narratively synthesized in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Results: Eleven sources of evidence were included, representing six Latin American countries and including one regional review; qualitative approaches were the most common among the primary studies. Eight dimensions of accessibility were identified: geographic, economic, cultural, organizational, linguistic, functional, administrative, and social. Principal barriers included geographic isolation, poverty, a lack of cultural and linguistic relevance, bureaucratic hurdles, structural racism, and a scarcity of disaggregated data. Facilitators encompassed family and community networks, traditional medicine, local leadership, social programs, and technological/intercultural adaptations such as telemedicine. Compared with the Levesque framework, approachability, appropriateness, and formal system-navigation mechanisms were not clearly represented in the Latin American evidence, while engagement was insufficiently characterized. Conclusions: The findings indicate that structural and cultural barriers continue to persist. Full article

Digital wellness policies in universities often rely on uniform daily screen time caps, yet platform-specific risks may shape student outcomes as strongly as total time online. This paper presents a methodological proof of concept: it demonstrates an analytical pipeline that converts multi-platform outcome data into a graduated, affordance-informed policy typology, rather than offering validated platform-risk classifications or ready-to-implement policy. Using a publicly available student dataset covering twelve social networks, we aggregate four harm-aligned outcomes—addictive use, poorer mental health, shorter sleep duration, and interpersonal conflict—to the platform level and apply hierarchical clustering to derive a four-tier risk typology. We stress that the clustering and the subsequent principal component analysis operate on only twelve platform-level observations, not on the 705 individual students. We then project the tiers onto a two-dimensional risk map and simulate three illustrative policy regimes: a uniform daily cap, a tier-calibrated cap, and an affordance-targeted short-video cap. In this illustrative dataset, the tier-calibrated cap reproduces roughly seventy percent of the harm reduction in a blanket cap while directly affecting about three-quarters of students, and the three regimes deliver near-equivalent harm reduction per percent of students affected. Because the source data show characteristics consistent with synthetic or semi-synthetic simulation and lack established provenance, all quantitative results are presented as demonstrations of the pipeline. We describe the sensitivity of the typology to clustering choices, the ethical risks of tiered classification, and the replication required before any tier could inform practice. Full article

With the advancement of deep learning-based steganalysis and prevalence of lossy compression mechanisms in social network transmission, traditional steganography based on cover modification (such as LSB substitution) faces dual challenges of security and robustness. This study proposes a novel steganographic framework based on generative artificial intelligence and predefined semantic mapping. Unlike embedding ciphertext in pixel noise, this method utilizes a shared mapping protocol (Codebook) to transform abstract information into concrete visual elements (such as characters, actions, scenes, and styles), and constructs stego-images through generative models. Experimental results show that when both parties share the same key, the system achieves full semantic recovery. Using an explicitly specified pipeline (Gemini 2.5 Flash Image for synthesis and Gemini 2.5 Flash for parsing), we evaluate the scheme on an enlarged, randomly sampled scenario set spanning three to six active semantic dimensions. Across these scenarios, we report per-dimension accuracy, the end-to-end full-recovery rate with 95% confidence intervals, and the partial-recovery rate under controlled JPEG compression, re-scaling, Gaussian noise, and cropping, rather than a single aggregate figure. The results indicate that carrying information at the semantic level yields graceful degradation under common channel distortions together with high visual camouflage, while also revealing that recovery reliability decreases as more semantic dimensions are activated simultaneously. We therefore present these findings as a proof of concept and explicitly separate demonstrated results from hypotheses left to future work. We therefore present these findings as a proof of concept and explicitly separate demonstrated results from hypotheses left to future work. Full article

This study presents a clear and reliable framework for classifying the intent behind scientific citations. It combines multi-model reasoning with concepts from social choice theory. Instead of using a single model, this framework employs three open Large Language Models Gemma, LLaMA, and Mistral. Additionally, we combine their ranked outputs using an exponentially weighted Borda method. By doing so, this approach increases agreement among high-confidence predictions, maintains ranking information, and produces stable, high-quality supervision signals. Consequently, it boosts reliability while remaining transparent. To create a strong experimental basis, we built a large, balanced dataset from the UnarXive corpus, which contains structured full-text scientific articles and citation networks. First, we automatically pulled citation contexts and organized them within a DuckDB-based analytical setup. Then, we rebalanced the dataset across rhetorical categories to enhance representativeness and minimize bias. Finally, we categorized each citation context into one of five roles: background, methodology, comparison, extension, or critique. As a result, the resulting dataset provides a robust foundation for training and evaluation. We trained a SciBERT classifier using these ensemble-generated annotations and tested it on a five-category citation intent classification task. The model achieved a macro F1-score of 0.83, an outstanding result for this type of classification. Indeed, this level of performance shows strong reliability given how challenging it is to differentiate closely related citation functions. Moreover, it demonstrates that combining multiple models produces valuable and distinct supervision signals, capturing subtle rhetorical and semantic patterns that single models often overlook. Furthermore, the framework enhances interpretability. Specifically, the explicit weighting system clarifies how each model contributes to the final outcome. In addition, the deterministic tie-breaking method ensures the outputs are consistent and reproducible. Taken together, these design choices maintain explainability without sacrificing effectiveness. Full article

Rural schools often operate within complex educational fields shaped by material, structural, and institutional constraints that influence teaching and learning opportunities. Although previous research has extensively documented resource limitations in rural education, deficit-oriented perspectives may overlook locally embedded resources that support school improvement. Drawing on Bourdieu’s concepts of capital, habitus, and field, this systematic review synthesizes evidence from 44 studies published between 2000 and 2025 to examine how rural schools mobilize social, cultural, and economic forms of capital to transform educational practice. Using PRISMA 2020-guided procedures, the included studies were analyzed through thematic synthesis informed by a Bourdieuan theoretical lens. Findings indicate that rural schools possess diverse yet often underrecognized forms of capital embedded in community relationships, local knowledge, teacher expertise, alumni networks, and context-specific practices. However, the educational value of these resources depends on institutional conditions that enable their recognition, mobilization, and conversion within rural schooling fields. Based on these findings, the review proposes the Transformative Rural School Habitus Model (TRSHM), which conceptualizes how interactions among different forms of capital, conversion mechanisms, and institutional practices contribute to habitus transformation. The model provides a theoretically grounded framework for understanding rural school improvement as a relational process involving both resource mobilization and changes in the conditions through which resources become valued and utilized. Full article

Existing platform-monitoring methods for sport communities commonly rely on isolated descriptive text-mining outputs or general sentiment scores; they rarely integrate interpretable ESG issue coding with class-sensitive risk detection and provide limited support for auditable, privacy-conscious analysis of safety, ethics, and institutional trust. These limitations motivate a multi-stage framework that converts heterogeneous platform discourse into complementary structural and evaluative signals. Conceptually, digital trust is treated as the focal governance outcome; ethics and safety are substantive domains of concern; ESG provides the bounded classification and response ontology; and early warning denotes a prototype, human-reviewed weak-signal triage concept rather than incident prediction or a deployed security-monitoring system. Using 377,700 cleaned Korean-language comments on judo and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) collected from Naver News and YouTube between 2010 and 2025, the framework combines n-gram analysis, LDA topic modeling, CONCOR network analysis, bounded ESG discourse classification, and three-class sentiment prediction. The individual analytical algorithms are established; the methodological contribution lies in their governance-oriented orchestration through a bounded ESG/non-ESG coding gate, a study-specific index layer, and a human-reviewed pathway from aggregate discourse signals to proportionate review. The analytical workflow identifies issue salience, relational topic structures, ESG dimensions, sentiment risk, legitimacy balance, and platform-specific risk concentration while excluding personally identifiable information. Empirically, social and governance concerns dominate the corpus, and governance-related negative sentiment consistently exceeds social-risk sentiment, highlighting rule transparency, coach ethics, misinformation, platform reputation, and institutional response as central trust-risk domains. Cell-weighted sensitivity checks preserved the governance-over-social and YouTube-over-Naver risk ordering, although the pooled salience estimate remained sensitive to the rapid expansion of BJJ discourse on YouTube. The fine-tuned KLUE-BERT model achieved a Macro-F1 of 0.838 and a negative-class F1 of 0.862, outperforming the strongest baseline, Text-CNN (Macro-F1 = 0.791), by 0.047 absolute Macro-F1 points (approximately 6.0% relative improvement). These findings support the feasibility of a batch-oriented, human-reviewed prototype for prioritizing aggregate discourse patterns. They do not establish the effectiveness of a real-time security-monitoring, incident-detection, or operational early-warning system. Full article

This article theorises Hmong migration through the concept of resettled histories, understood as the social and political processes through which histories of war, flight, loss, survival, and belonging are carried into new places, translated into new institutional languages, and contested across generations. Rather than approaching Hmong mobility as a linear movement from Southeast Asia to Western resettlement countries, the article situates Hmong migrations within longer histories of upland mobility, imperial and colonial governance, Cold War militarisation, refugee camps, and contemporary diasporic reconstruction. In response to scholarship on collective memory, postmemory, diasporic memory, refugee critique, digital diaspora, and Asian American studies, the article clarifies that resettled histories are not simply memories preserved after migration. They are histories that become socially active after resettlement through community organisations, veteran memorialisation, Hmong New Year celebrations, oral-history projects, clan networks, digital platforms, political mobilisation, and intergenerational debate. The article also foregrounds differences among Hmong communities by gender, generation, religion, class, political position, national location, and relations to Laos, China, Thailand, France, Australia, and the United States. By engaging contemporary Hmong scholarship and Hmong-produced archives alongside foundational migration and memory theory, the article shows how displaced communities do not merely adapt to host societies; they also struggle to have their histories recognised, narrated, and transmitted. The Hmong case demonstrates that resettlement may provide legal security without ending the historical life of displacement. It therefore offers a lens for rethinking migration as the movement and reconstruction of histories, not only the movement of people. Full article

This article examines how single parents in Norway approach dating apps as they re-enter romantic life, by asking: How do single parents in midlife approach and anticipate intimacy on dating apps in Norway? The analysis draws on interviews with 10 mothers and 12 fathers, aged 32–51, and applies a reflexive thematic analysis. The findings show that entering dating apps was experienced as an affective hurdle, tied to recovery from family breakup and ambivalence about visibility. Dating apps offered a feasible route to intimacy, as offline encounters were otherwise constrained by time scarcity, limited social networks, and social entanglements through overlapping parental and friendship ties. The concept of parental filtering is introduced to describe how participants screened through dating apps for compatibility in custody schedules and parental empathy, using bios and chats as communicative shortcuts. The findings highlight a central paradox of post-separation intimacy: while romantic relationships may be reversible, parenthood is not. Intimate life as a single parent, therefore, requires a particular form of elasticity, as romantic opportunities must continuously adjust to the solid bonds to their children—a commitment that no swipe can dissolve. Full article

Objective: To map the scientific evidence and identify knowledge gaps regarding the health of Black and Sexual and Gender Minority populations within the global context of health education. Introduction: Health education curricula should explicitly recognize, define, and address the specific needs and health disparities affecting Black and Sexual and Gender Minority populations to ensure that healthcare provision is comprehensive and inclusive in diverse settings. Eligibility criteria: Studies related to professional health training at undergraduate and graduate levels, as well as other educational modalities addressing healthcare provision for Black and Sexual and Gender Minority populations, were included. Methods: This scoping review was conducted following the JBI methodology. Studies were retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Virtual Health Library, CINAHL, ERIC, Cochrane Library, Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, EBSCO databases, and the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, without language or time restrictions. Two independent reviewers screened the studies and extracted data using a standardized form developed for this review. Concepts, definitions, structures, results, and applications of professional health education for the care of Black and Sexual and Gender Minority populations were systematically synthesized. The results were organized and presented in tabular and graphical formats, accompanied by a narrative summary. Results: A total of 104 studies were included. The evidence was predominantly concentrated in North America, particularly in the United States, with limited representation from other regions. Most studies were published after 2020, indicating a recent expansion of research interest. The methodological profile was characterized by a predominance of quantitative and descriptive designs, alongside qualitative and mixed-methods approaches. Thematic analysis revealed a concentration of studies addressing gender-affirming care, workforce diversity, social determinants of health, and discrimination, while intersectional approaches and long-term educational outcomes remained less explored. Conclusions: The available evidence indicates that health education has increasingly incorporated themes related to equity and diversity; however, the integration of structured and mandatory curricular approaches addressing the intersectional health needs of Black and Sexual and Gender Minority populations remains limited. The findings highlight the need for broader geographic representation, stronger methodological designs, and the development of comprehensive educational strategies capable of addressing structural inequalities within health training contexts. Full article

In an era where artificial intelligence is rapidly expanding into creative domains, the challenge of modeling human-like cognition and emotion in generative processes becomes increasingly central. The present study was made in connection with the exhibition of Munch’s works held in Rome from February to June 2025. Indeed, the paper introduces the concept of a Cognitive Digital Twin grounded in the Super Time-Cognitive Neural Network (STCNN) framework and applies it to the case of Edvard Munch, the iconic Norwegian expressionist. The proposed system—Munch Digital Twin—goes beyond static generative models by integrating temporal, emotional, and cognitive dimensions through a complex-valued time representation t = a + i·b, where a denotes chronological time and b encodes imagination, memory, and creativity. We define Edge Knowledge as an output-stage re-ranking criterion that admits a generated response only where corpus evidence, knowledge-graph constraints and the LLM surface jointly agree (the boundary, or ‘edge’, between documented identity and machine inference). STCNN allows this twin to process real inputs (text, visual prompts, emotional cues) and generate outputs that reflect both the rational and expressive styles of Munch. The imaginary components of the network enable speculative and affective expansions of known artworks—such as reinterpreting The Scream under new emotional or social contexts. This paper presents the theoretical underpinnings of cognitive digital twins, the architecture of the STCNN-based model, and a prototype implementation trained on Munch’s paintings, letters, and critical essays. The system—comprising a GPT-4-Turbo cloud profile and a 4-bit LLaMA-2-13B edge profile for language, Stable Diffusion 1.5 + LoRA for image generation, a Neo4j knowledge graph, and FAISS retrieval—is trained on approximately 600 letters, 100 artworks, and Munch’s diaries and criticism, and evaluated across 100 interactive sessions with 14 students and expert raters. Headline results against an unconditioned baseline include CLIPScore +13.8%, FID −25.5% (small-sample, indicative), and emotion-cosine similarity +44.9%. Ethical implications surrounding posthumous digital emulation, authorship, and emotional manipulation are also discussed. The Munch Digital Twin represents a new paradigm in AI-driven art, where machines do not merely replicate, but collaborate across time with human legacies, enabling an anticipatory and emotionally intelligent form of computational creativity. This work is primarily a conceptual and architectural contribution, supported by a proof-of-concept prototype and a preliminary, non-controlled user study; the quantitative results are indicative and not yet confirmatory. Full article

This study examines the potential effect of hypothetical Urban Air Mobility (UAM) demand redistribution on congestion and signalized intersection performance in the urban environment of Topoľčany, Slovakia. Based on a calibrated microsimulation model, scenarios involving the redistribution of a portion of ground traffic demand away from the road network were analyzed at 30% and 50% during the morning peak period. The evaluation focused primarily on travel times and intersection load. The results indicate that a moderate reduction in ground traffic demand leads to a significant reduction in travel times and traffic intensity. The most substantial improvement was observed in the 30% redistribution scenario. In comparison, a further increase to 50% did not yield proportional benefits, suggesting a nonlinear threshold effect in the transport system’s performance. It should be emphasized that the UAM scenarios in this study do not represent a full operational simulation of Urban Air Mobility, including aerial corridors, vertiports, waiting times, intermodal transfers, or airspace capacity. Instead, they represent demand redistribution scenarios used to evaluate the response of the existing signalized road network to reduced ground traffic demand. The study identifies limitations arising from simplified model assumptions and the absence of broader environmental, operational, and social considerations. Nevertheless, the findings show that even a moderate reduction in road traffic demand, potentially associated with future multimodal mobility concepts, can contribute to improved traffic efficiency in congested urban networks. Full article

This paper offers a theoretical reinterpretation of the groundbreaking Greentown study using Pierre Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice. Rather than presenting new empirical findings, it examines previously published research to study children’s involvement in organised crime networks through a relational, practice-based lens. Dominant approaches to youth offending and gang participation tend to focus on individual risk factors, programme effectiveness or structural indicators and can struggle to account for the enduring social logics through which criminal authority is reproduced across generations. Drawing on Bourdieusian concepts of field, capital and symbolic power, the paper interprets Greentown as a localised social field in which a core family network accumulates and deploys social, cultural, economic and symbolic capital to secure compliance, cultivate loyalty and sustain informal forms of governance. Attention is paid to the role of symbolic narratives and mythmaking in minimising the visible presence of the state and normalising participation for young people and residents. The analysis illustrates how such symbolic orders can persist even where individual agents desist, contributing to the relative stability of networked harm. The paper argues that Bourdieu provides a coherent and theoretically disciplined framework for understanding organised criminal networks as socially embedded fields and suggests that interventions attentive to symbolic power and misrecognition may complement existing criminal justice responses. While explicitly interpretive in scope, the paper points towards the value of theory-led re-readings of empirical research for addressing the complex and ‘wicked’ nature of organised networked offending. Full article

City networks refer to the connections of physical or virtual flows among cities at different spatial scales, including population migration networks, economic networks, information networks and innovation networks. This concept has gradually evolved into an important paradigm for understanding the regional spatial structures. Based on Baidu Index data within the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) in China, this paper constructs an information network and investigates its connection patterns. Using social network analysis, the structural differentiation of the information network is further investigated at both the overall and subregional scales. The results show that the connection patterns of the information network exhibit an obvious hierarchical structure, with the complexity of the spatial pattern gradually increasing from the upstream to the downstream regions. Furthermore, the structural assessment results suggest that the information network is characterized by high agglomeration, high mobility, high hierarchy and low disassortativity. These findings indicate that the information network in the YREB is dominated by several highly developed core city clusters. However, the inherently closed structure resulting from these characteristics may not be sufficiently counterbalanced by low disassortativity. Under sudden disturbances, such a structural configuration may exhibit limited adaptability, delayed response capacity, and slow reorganization and learning processes, thereby weakening structural resilience. This study provides a deeper understanding of intercity relationships within the YREB and offers policy implications for enhancing structural resilience across the Yangtze River Basin. Full article

This paper offers a theoretical-interpretive contribution to the sociology of lifelong learning (LLL), exploring a sociological reframing of lifelong learning through the concept of social love as an analytical framework for reading the institutional practices of universities in the domain of LLL. Drawing on classical and contemporary sociological traditions (including recognition theory, French pragmatic sociology, and relational sociology), the paper develops the argument that lifelong learning, when understood as a relational and generative practice, can be interpreted through the four dimensions of social love: overabundance, care, recognition, and universalism. The paper proposes what can be interpreted as a theoretical and educational transposition of the World Love Index (WLI) framework: a shift in scale, from the nation-state to the university, and in domain, from general social policy to educational practice, that preserves the core logic of the WLI while adapting it to the context of higher education. This transposition responds to a gap explicitly identified within the WLI research program and contributes to the debate on the civic and relational dimensions of higher education. Empirically, the paper draws on a national survey conducted within the Italian University Network for Lifelong Learning (RUIAP), which mapped lifelong learning services across 27 universities between 2022 and 2023. The survey data are used not as a basis for hypothesis testing but as exploratory empirical material through which to illustrate and develop the proposed framework, following a logic of theory elaboration. The findings reveal a heterogeneous and evolving system, characterized by uneven levels of institutionalization across the four dimensions: recognition practices are most widely present, though concentrated on formal pathways; care emerges in dedicated services for vulnerable and non-traditional populations; universalism remains largely unrealized in terms of territorial outreach; and overabundance (institutional investment exceeding regulatory compliance) is present in limited but analytically significant cases. The study concludes that understanding LLL as a practice of social love offers new insights into the civic mission of universities and their contribution to fostering social cohesion and democratic participation. It further proposes the need for observatories of institutional social love in higher education (such as RUIAP) and identifies directions for future research and policy oriented toward the generation of relational goods and the common good within university systems. Full article

While hybridity has been extensively studied within bounded organizations, hybrid forms of organizing beyond formal organizational structures remain undertheorized. Hybrid organizationality, the concept introduced in this article, refers to a mode of organizing in which multiple institutional logics are sustained through coordinated action without crystallizing into a formal organization. The concept is developed through a qualitative case study of the Large-scale Agrifood Communal Trade Network (LACTN), a large-scale direct-to-consumer agricultural network linking farmers, volunteer-run distribution hubs, and consumers in Israel during successive periods of crisis. We show how LACTN loosely couples commercial and communal logics while preserving the autonomy of its constituent actors. Hybrid organizationality, we argue, becomes possible through the convergence of three conditions: the coexistence of autonomous commercial and communal actors, shared moral commitments that bridge these domains, and digitally mediated infrastructures that enable decentralized coordination at scale. The analysis further demonstrates how socio-economic sustainability may emerge in practice through large-scale, socially embedded market coordination, even in the absence of an explicit ideological sustainability agenda. By examining a network built largely upon conventional agricultural production and market logics, yet organized through volunteer mediation, communal coordination, and morally inflected exchange, the article complicates the conventional distinction between “alternative” and “conventional” food systems that has long structured scholarship on alternative agri-food networks. More broadly, the case illustrates how sustainability-oriented organizing can emerge through loosely coupled alignments among markets, communities, and digital infrastructures beyond the boundaries of formal organizations. Full article