The purpose of this paper was to identify the leading causes determining the shadow economy at the global level. The empirical analysis used was the Sala-i-Martin version of extreme bounds analysis (EBA) applied to a cross-sectional sample of 132 cou...
The video synthetic aperture radar (ViSAR) system can utilize high-frame-rate scene motion target shadow information to achieve real-time monitoring of ground mobile targets. Modeling the characteristics of moving target shadows and analyzing shadow...
This study describes a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of shadow banking and financial contagion dynamics from 1996 to 2022. Through a holistic approach, our study focuses on quantifying the impact and uncovering significant trends in scientific...
One way for jurisdictions with limited analytic resources to increase their capability for doing cost–benefit analysis (CBA) is to use existing shadow prices, or “plug-ins”, for important social impacts. This article contributes to...
The video synthetic aperture radar (ViSAR) is a new application in radar techniques. ViSAR provides high- or moderate-resolution SAR images with a faster frame rate, which permits the detection of the dynamic changes in the interested area. A moving...
Shadow flicker caused by wind turbine blades passing through sunlight can significantly affect nearby residential buildings, raising environmental and regulatory concerns in wind farm development. The accurate assessment of shadow flicker exposure is...
One of the persistent challenges in multispectral image analysis is the interference caused by dense cloud cover and its resulting shadows, which can significantly obscure surface features. This becomes especially problematic when attempting to monit...
In the last decade, the analysis of shading or sunlight in architectural projects has become an important role in improving building thermal and lighting performances. Selecting an appropriate software tool for this type of analysis is a challenging...
Analysis of aerial images provided by satellites enables continuous monitoring and is a central component of many applications, including precision farming. Nonetheless, this analysis is often impeded by the presence of clouds and cloud shadows, whic...
Reducing emissions through the invisible hand of the market has become an important way to promote sustainable environmental development. The shadow price of carbon dioxide (
This paper extends prior research on energy inefficiency in China by utilizing a unique shadow price framework allocation in 30 Chinese provinces. We estimate the shadow price for energy input using the framework of production, and use the ratio of t...
In this paper, we investigate the shadow properties of a rotating black hole with a weakly coupled global monopole charge using a modified Newman–Janis algorithm. This study explores how these charge and rotational effects shape the black hole&...
The advancement in fintech technological development in emerging countries has accelerated the role of digital finance in economic development. Digital finance assists in financial inclusion; however, it may also increase the chances of financial ins...
Italy is one of Europe’s largest consumers of wood pellets, while domestic production remains comparatively limited. In parallel, wood chips (WC) represent a strategic biofuel for power generation, where particle size distribution (PSD) affects...
The research presented in this article seeks to identify the possible causes of reinforcement shadows (RS) on the surface of concrete test specimen produced under laboratory conditions. Different hypotheses about RS were selected based on factory pra...
Shadows exist universally in sunlight-source remotely sensed images, and can interfere with the spectral morphological features of green vegetations, resulting in imprecise mathematical algorithms for vegetation monitoring and physiological diagnoses...
Posterior acoustic shadowing is a fundamental physical phenomenon associated with calcified stones in ultrasound image, yet it has not been fully exploited in automated ultrasound analysis. This study aimed to develop an explainable, semi-automatic r...
Posterior acoustic shadowing is a key diagnostic feature in ultrasound imaging of calcified lesions, such as gallbladder and kidney stones. However, conventional assessment relies primarily on qualitative interpretation, and its underlying structural...
Accurate assessment of light properties is essential and is measured with photometric and colorimetric standardized methods. However, the spatial characteristic of light—harshness—remains difficult to quantify. Building on the authors&rsq...
In developing countries, the informal economy represents 30 to 60 percent of gross domestic product and employs more than half of the workforce, yet its role in moderating the benefits of international trade remains underexplored. This study investig...
Recent improvements in remote sensing technologies have boosted building detection techniques from rough classifications using moderate resolution imagery to precise extraction from high-resolution imagery. Shadows frequently emerge in high-resolutio...
Although various linear log-distance path loss models have been developed for wireless sensor networks, advanced models are required to more accurately and flexibly represent the path loss for complex environments. This paper proposes a machine learn...
Background/Objectives: Accurate diagnosis during ultrasound examinations of patients with kidney and gallbladder stones is crucial. Although stone areas typically show posterior acoustic shadowing on ultrasound images, their accurate diagnosis can be...
Sky View Factor (SVF, a dimensionless value between 0 and 1 representing obstructed and unobstructed sky, respectively) has an important influence on urban energy balance, and is a key contributor to the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect experienced by...
Recently, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) has released a new dataset, called Landsat Analysis Ready Data (ARD), which is designed specifically for facilitating time series analysis. In this study, we evaluated the temporal consistency of t...
Due to the growth of the “urban shadow”, farming systems in metropolitan areas (MAs) are characterized by specific environmental, economic, and social pressures. Urbanization pressure and its related threats, as well as the opportunities resulting fr...
This paper improves energy efficiency and communications reliability for wireless transmission under
Hydraulic fracturing has been applied in the cave mining industry with the purpose of re-creating an orebody rock mass condition that is suitable for caving. Prescribed hydraulic fracturing was proposed in a previous study as a supplement to the conv...
In this paper, we consider the effect of stochastic uncertainties on non-linear systems with chaotic behavior. More specifically, we quantify the effect of parametric uncertainties to time-averaged quantities and their sensitivities. Sampling methods...
Reconstructing building models from urban SAR tomography (TomoSAR) point clouds is often constrained by limited resolution, low positioning accuracy in elevation, as well as data incompleteness and artifacts caused by microwave imaging mechanisms. Th...
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a rapidly spreading viral disease of cattle that threatens livestock productivity and agricultural trade across Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Despite effective vaccines being available, evidence-based guidance on allo...
Streptomyces clavuligerus (S. clavuligerus) has been widely studied for its ability to produce clavulanic acid (CA), a potent inhibitor of β-lactamase enzymes. In this study, S. clavuligerus cultivated in 2D rocking bioreactor in fed-batch operation...
In the hot-spot fault of photovoltaic modules, there is a low resistance hot-spot fault caused by crystal defects, such as internal crack and PN junction failure. When the faulty area is partially shaded, it will produce severe temperature rise, acce...
This paper demonstrates a commercial-level field-portable lens-free cell analyzer called the NaviCell (No-stain and Automated Versatile Innovative cell analyzer) capable of automatically analyzing cell count and viability without employing an optical...
This paper investigates the risk determinants and spatial patterns of tax revenue loss due to illicit tobacco consumption across the 27 EU Member States from 2017 to 2022. Using a panel dataset covering economic, demographic, social, political, and b...
The correlation of the architectural form and the structural system should be the basis for rational shaping. This paper presents algorithmic-aided shaping curvilinear steel bar structures for roofs, using modern digital tools, working in the environ...
Since the agriculture sector, such as Italian grapevine production, exert a pressure on the environment to some extent, this research aims to evaluate the environmental impacts and estimate the societal costs of four current grapevine production syst...
Quantifying the shadow price (SP) of CO2 emissions is the key to achieving China’s “double carbon” targets. Considering technology heterogeneity, this study applies stochastic frontier analysis combined with meta-frontier technology...
China’s electricity sector mainly relies on coal-fired thermal generation, thus resulting that nearly 50% of China’s total CO2 emissions coming from the electricity sector. This study focuses on the provincial CO2 emissions from China&rsq...
The lens-free shadow imaging technique (LSIT) is a well-established technique for the characterization of microparticles and biological cells. Due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, various low-cost solutions have been developed, such as autom...
Due to the increasing scarcity of fossil fuels and the upwards trend in energy costs over time, many countries—especially in Europe—have begun to modify their energy policies aiming to increase that percentage obtained from renewable energies. The EA...
As photovoltaic (PV) deployment has expanded from rural sites to the built environment, rooftops are increasingly used for electricity generation. In these settings, the visible sky is often partially obstructed by adjacent walls, producing shading t...
Aquaponic systems couple fish and plant production in recirculating loops, yet quantitatively assessed dynamic models for engineering analysis, scale-up, and operation under realistic conditions remain limited. Here, a modular process-based MATLAB R2...
Forests play major roles in climate regulation, ecosystem services, carbon storage, biodiversity, terrain stabilization, and water retention, as well as in the economy of numerous countries. Nevertheless, deforestation and forest degradation are ramp...
Cannabis sativa L. is an ancient cultivar that has found applications in various fields, e.g., medicine, due to its beneficial effects. However, due to its psychotropic effects, the regulation of this cultivar has increased throughout the decades. In...
Miniaturized wireless sensors are designed to run on limited power resources, requiring minimization of transmit power and lowering of the fade margin in the link budget. One factor that has an important impact on wireless sensor network design is pa...
The Low Earth Orbit (LEO) small satellites are extensively used for global connectivity to enable services in underpopulated, remote or underdeveloped areas. Their inherent broadcast nature exposes LEO–terrestrial communication links to severe...
In urban thermal environment research (UTE), urban shadows formed by buildings and trees contribute to significant variations in thermal conditions, particularly during the mid-day period. This study investigated the multi-scale effects of indicators...
As a critical technological approach, multistage fracturing is frequently used to boost gas recovery in compact hydrocarbon reservoirs. Determining an ideal cluster distance that effectively integrates pre-existing natural fractures in the deposit cr...
A basic feature of modern and smart cities is their energetic sustainability, using clean and renewable energies and, therefore, reducing the carbon emissions, especially in large cities. Solar energy is one of the most important renewable energy sou...
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