Search Results (385)

Adolescent girls face a worsening mental health crisis, exacerbated by shifting trends in youth lifestyle and increased societal uncertainty. Youth empowerment approaches, such as Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR), can increase the relevance of research findings and recommendations to better inform policy and practice. Arts-based methods are well positioned to apply the key principles of YPAR. Mind mapping is an arts-based method that shows strong promise but has limited implementation in a youth mental health setting. The present study describes the implementation of seven mind-mapping sessions with 112 female-identifying youth across the city of Chicago on the topic of mental health. The methodology effectively engaged youth in critical reflection and communication about this topic. It also increased researchers’ understanding of mental health within this population, uncovering nuanced relationships between data and action. Particularly, this methodology is suitable for exploring sensitive topics with young people who may be less engaged in traditional research methodologies. The article reflects on the strengths and challenges of the mind-mapping approach, along with recommendations for future implementation and research. Full article

Background: Paired-set (PS) resistance exercise is widely used to increase training density; however, evidence-based guidance remains limited due to heterogeneous exercise sequences and rest configurations. This systematic review aimed to synthesize acute mechanical, training-efficiency, and perceptual responses across distinct PS configurations compared with traditional sets (TSs) in young resistance-trained adults. Methods: Eight databases were searched through 5 August 2026, for acute randomized crossover/parallel trials. PS protocols were categorized into PS-A (alternating exercises with preserved TS rest after each exercise), PS-B (interleaved exercises during recovery), and PS-C (modified post-pair rest). Study-level means and unstandardized percentage differences for volume load (VL), completed repetitions, training efficiency (VL accumulated per unit of time), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were synthesized descriptively. Results: Fifteen reports representing 14 studies (223 participants) were included, and all exhibited “some concerns” according to RoB 2. PS-A consistently elicited higher work-output point estimates (VL: 7.9–27.2%; repetitions: 6.3–26.7% vs. TS) with negligible changes in session duration. PS-B consistently reduced session duration by 44.8–50.0%, though repetitions and VL were often compromised depending on the exercise. PS-C responses were configuration-dependent; matched post-pair rest (PS-C_MPR) decreased duration (39.7–46.9%) with variable VL (−8.2% to +30.1%) and higher RPE, whereas extended rest (PS-C_EPR) showed distinct protocol-specific trade-offs between volume retention and training efficiency. Conclusions: Based on acute trials in young trained populations, PS configurations should be selected by session priority (PS-A for work capacity, PS-B for time constraints, PS-C for versatility). Given the consistent “some concerns” regarding risk of bias, these practical recommendations warrant caution. Full article

Eating disorders are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality yet remain underidentified in general mental health practice, delaying intervention and worsening outcomes. Counselor preparation often provides limited eating disorder content within broader psychopathology coursework, leaving trainees underprepared to recognize subtle, culturally diverse, and nonstereotypical presentations. This conceptual paper draws on scholarship in counselor education, body image, embodied self-awareness, and eating disorder training to propose a four-domain framework intended to strengthen counselor preparation for eating disorder recognition and clinical response. The framework includes foundational knowledge of eating disorder diagnosis, medical and nutritional risk, levels of care, and multidisciplinary treatment; reflective body-related self-awareness concerning clinicians’ beliefs about food, weight, health, exercise, appearance, and culture; embodied and creative practices that strengthen awareness of bodily and relational responses; and clinical translation through direct assessment, supervision, consultation, and referral. A seven-session graduate course illustrates how the framework can be implemented while protecting students from coerced personal disclosure. Within the U.S. counselor education and mental health training context, policy recommendations address curriculum infusion, weight stigma, countertransference, competency assessment, and basic detection and referral preparations. Integrating body-related reflection with diagnostic knowledge may offer a promising approach for helping clinicians recognize when eating disorder and body image concerns warrant further inquiry, reduce stereotype-based omissions, and respond more deliberately across diverse clinical settings; however, whether embodied training improves detection outcomes remains an empirical question. Full article

Objective: To evaluate the effects of exercise-based interventions on self-reported sleep outcomes in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and to assess the certainty of the available evidence. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched from inception to 17 August 2026. The review protocol was registered with INPLASY (INPLASY202480029). Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB 1). Random-effects meta-analyses were performed using Hedges’ g, with between-study variance estimated by restricted maximum likelihood. Exploratory subgroup analyses and univariable meta-regression were used to investigate heterogeneity, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the findings. Certainty of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: Fifteen randomized controlled trials involving 696 participants were included. Exercise-based interventions were associated with improved self-reported sleep outcomes (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.28 to −0.23; p = 0.0084), although between-study heterogeneity was substantial (I² = 82.4%). Instrument-stratified analyses showed no statistically significant differences across sleep questionnaires. Sensitivity analyses restricted to studies using the two most frequently reported sleep questionnaires and leave-one-out analyses yielded estimates consistent in direction with the primary analysis. Subgroup analyses showed no statistically significant differences across exercise intensity, session duration, weekly frequency, intervention period, or exercise type. None of the continuous moderators examined in univariable meta-regression was statistically significant. Conclusions: Exercise-based interventions may improve self-reported sleep outcomes in patients with PD, but the certainty of evidence is very low, and substantial unexplained heterogeneity limits the precision and clinical interpretability of the pooled estimate. Current evidence is insufficient to identify an optimal exercise prescription. Future adequately powered trials should incorporate standardized exercise reporting and objective sleep assessments. Full article

Malicious activity detection in honeypot environments remains challenging due to the volume and heterogeneity of captured data, as well as the sequential nature of attacker behavior. This study proposes an integrated framework combining a Cowrie-based honeypot with a locally deployed Large Language Model (LLM) to enable automated detection and near-real-time behavioral analysis. Attacker interactions are captured and processed through a structured preprocessing stage that reconstructs session-level activity. These representations are analyzed using an LLM, allowing contextual interpretation of authentication patterns, command execution sequences, and post-compromise behavior. Structured analytical outputs are generated, including severity classification, reasoning, and recommended actions. Evaluation was conducted using isolated and concurrent attack scenarios. Results indicate effective identification of brute-force attacks, reconnaissance activity, persistence staging, and download-and-execute patterns, achieving a 94.23% Accuracy (95% CI: 84.05–98.79%), 100.0% Precision, 87.50% Recall, and an F1-score of 93.33% across an expanded evaluation of 52 independent observations, with zero false positives (FPs). These figures are derived from a single evaluation run and are reported as preliminary, proof-of-concept estimates rather than as stable, production-grade performance. Analytical output remained stable for sessions governed by deterministic severity overrides. However, a low-intensity multi-stage session produced inconsistent severity classifications under concurrent conditions, indicating that analyst review is still required for borderline cases. Integration of deterministic preprocessing with LLM-based reasoning enables the transformation of raw honeypot logs into structured and actionable cybersecurity intelligence, reducing analyst workload while improving the explainability and reliability of intrusion analysis in near-real-time environments. Full article

Objective: Exercise therapy is recommended for patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) to improve walking capacity and functional outcomes. However, rehabilitation programmes after lower-limb revascularisation remain poorly defined. We aimed to map the existing literature on exercise-based rehabilitation following lower-limb revascularisation in patients with PAD and summarise key intervention features and reported outcomes. Data Sources: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched from inception to identify relevant studies. Review Methods: This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Studies involving adult patients with PAD or chronic limb-threatening ischaemia who underwent lower-limb revascularisation and participated in postoperative exercise or rehabilitation programmes were included. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data on study characteristics, intervention components, and outcomes. Findings were synthesised descriptively and presented in tables and narrative summaries. Results: Fourteen studies were included. Rehabilitation programmes showed substantial heterogeneity in exercise modality, timing of initiation, intensity, supervision, and duration. Walking-based exercise was the most commonly reported modality. Sessions typically lasted 20–60 min. Exercise frequency ranged from daily inpatient mobilisation or 6 days/week during early rehabilitation to two to five sessions/week in outpatient or home-based programmes, and programme length ranged from inpatient-only rehabilitation to 12 months. The most frequently reported outcomes were measures of walking capacity, including treadmill walking distance and the 6 min walk test. In contrast, limb-related outcomes (e.g., wound healing, limb salvage, and reintervention) and safety outcomes were less frequently reported. Conclusions: Exercise-based rehabilitation after lower-limb revascularisation in patients with PAD demonstrates considerable variability in programme characteristics and outcome measures. Although most studies focus on walking performance, key outcomes—particularly limb-related events and safety—remain underreported. Future research should establish standardised postoperative rehabilitation protocols and evaluate a broader range of clinically relevant outcomes, especially in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischaemia. Full article

Electromobility is central to urban decarbonisation, but its charging infrastructure must be sized under substantial uncertainty about user behaviour that varies across stations, time of day and user type. This study couples a hierarchical Bayesian model with an agent-based, discrete-event simulation of a charging network. It is fitted by Markov chain Monte Carlo to the public ACN-Data dataset (13,694 sessions across 52 stations; 16,468 user requests), with partial pooling across stations. Posterior parameters drive a 24 h simulation of 500 vehicles across nine configurations and 30 to 180 slots. Service success rises from 19% to 81% and mean waiting falls from 110 to 62 min; long workplace dwell times limit turnover, so capacity rather than energy binds. TOPSIS with a paired bootstrap selects 160 slots under balanced weighting, but that optimum holds for only a tenth of the weight simplex, and the recommendation spans 140–180 slots. Spreading the arrival peak at fixed hardware raises service from 67% to 83%, matching a 29% expansion. Spatially explicit assignment costs three percentage points when stations are evenly sited, and six when clustered. The framework makes the cost of over-provisioning explicit and preference-conditional rather than naming a single optimum, giving a reproducible basis for sustainable capacity planning. Full article

Olfactory enrichment is recommended for captive felids, but systematic evidence on practical implementation in multiple species and institutions is limited. We evaluated a simple, keeper-safe scent diffuser delivering spice-based odours to captive lions (Panthera leo), tigers (Panthera tigris), jaguars (Panthera onca), leopards (Panthera pardus), cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) and pumas (Puma concolor) at two zoological institutions in Johannesburg, South Africa. Behaviour was recorded during baseline and scent-exposure conditions in 23 individuals. Behavioural diversity (number of distinct behaviours per 15-min session) was the primary outcome. Engagement duration, latency to approach and individual response consistency were also quantified. Animals were exposed to a compound spice blend and four component spices (coriander, paprika, black pepper and garlic) and subsequently to decreasing concentrations of their most preferred scent. Behavioural diversity increased significantly during scent exposure at both institutions (1.9 times greater at Lory Park and 1.8 times greater at Johannesburg Zoo), with large effect sizes at both sites (Cohen’s d ≥ 1.2). Spice type did not significantly affect behavioural diversity, but individual animals showed consistent engagement preferences, approach latencies and response profiles during repeated exposures. Full odour concentrations showed significantly longer engagement durations than low concentrations at both institutions (approximately twofold at Lory Park and threefold at Johannesburg Zoo), but behavioural diversity did not differ significantly between concentration levels. No significant species differences were detected, indicating that assessment by individuals is more informative than species level predictions for enrichment planning. Spice-based diffusers provide a practical, low-cost enrichment tool suitable for multi-institutional implementation. Moreover, enrichment programmes should be evaluated and tailored at the individual animal level. Full article

The purpose of this narrative review was to provide a conceptual and applied framework that distinguishes resistance training methods, strategies, and systems and clarifies how these constructs organize established training variables within contemporary recommendations for exercise prescription. The historical, conceptual, and theoretical synthesis was not restricted by publication date and included seminal studies and previous evidence syntheses. In addition, a focused descriptive mapping of primary experimental studies published between January 2021 and April 2026 was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. This mapping comprised 40 studies assessing acute responses or chronic adaptations to methods including drop sets, rest–pause, pyramidal loading, eccentric training, blood flow restriction, cluster sets, and velocity-based training. Several studies reported no statistically significant between-method differences in selected strength or hypertrophy outcomes; however, their generally small samples and the absence of equivalence or non-inferiority analyses preclude conclusions of true equivalence. Individual studies also reported context-specific differences in session efficiency, fatigue distribution, movement velocity, regional hypertrophy, and contraction-specific adaptations. Given the heterogeneity of the mapped studies and the absence of formal risk-of-bias or certainty-of-evidence assessments, these observations should be interpreted as descriptive and exploratory rather than as evidence of general comparative superiority. Taken together with the broader historical and synthesized literature, the findings suggest that resistance training adaptations are primarily governed by foundational prescription variables, including load, volume, frequency, effort, density, and exercise selection. The principal contribution of this review is therefore to clarify how methods, strategies, and systems can be selected and organized according to specific goals, individual characteristics, and practical constraints. Full article

Digital ecosystems, misinformation exposure, mental-health vulnerability and unequal access to care create distinctive challenges for young people. Although youth participation in health governance is increasingly advocated internationally, structured evidence from youth deliberative processes remains limited in Portugal. This study synthesises priorities expressed in two Portuguese deliberative initiatives coordinated by the Sociedade Portuguesa de Literacia em Saúde: the Mini-Assemblies of Health 2022–2023, with particular attention to the 3rd Mini-Assembly on Fighting Health Misinformation, and the Youth Health Choices Forum 2024. Both processes used a structured nominal-group logic to support idea generation, clarification, recording and prioritisation. The analysis used low-inference cross-session thematic aggregation to preserve propositional integrity and remain close to participants’ formulations. Five priority domains were identified: digital health communication and information credibility; curriculum-integrated and peer-mediated health literacy; low-friction mental-health access and stigma reduction; equity and functional service accessibility and governance, accountability and youth participation. Participant quotations are retained, in translated form, to preserve youth voice and to show how recommendations emerged from concrete deliberative formulations. The findings suggest that nominal group technique (NGT)-based youth deliberation can generate operational recommendations for policy and practice, including credibility mechanisms for digital health information, school-based health-literacy integration, autonomy-preserving access routes for mental-health support, and permanent youth participation structures. The findings support recognising young people not only as vulnerable recipients of health information but also as interpreters of digital health ecosystems and contributors to the design of more responsive health governance. Full article

3D geovisualisation is increasingly used to represent spatial phenomena in engaging and interactive ways. However, 3D thematic methods and their user-centred evaluation remain challenging due to issues such as view distortion, variable scale, and complex interactions. Previous research emphasises that effective 3D thematic design requires careful treatment of visual variables and interactive camera control to mitigate overlap and occlusion. Building on this foundation, we present 3D-Geo-Vis, a web-based application with open-source code. The application visualises air temperature using seven methods of 3D geovisualisation and supports real-time adjustment of method-specific visual variables through a dedicated side panel. We report a usability study with 54 participants that combines (i) eye-tracking (Tobii Pro Spark, 60 Hz), (ii) interaction logging using our MapLogger tool, and (iii) a post-test questionnaire including the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) and open-ended feedback. Participants completed a structured scenario comprising free exploration and targeted analytical tasks. Across all sessions, MapLogger captured 15,457 interactions. The success rate of fully completed tasks was generally high for tasks involving the search for a specific value or modification of interface parameters (Task 2: 87.0%; Task 3: 85.2%), while the voxel-based analytical task showed slightly lower completion (Task 4: 77.8%), reflecting higher cognitive and interaction demands. UEQ results indicate a slightly positive overall user experience, with speed-related items rated most negatively. Triangulating gaze behaviour, interaction logs, and subjective feedback reveals key usability issues (e.g., insufficient salience of method switching, attention concentration on the side panel, and performance limitations of voxel rendering) and yields concrete recommendations for improving onboarding, feedback, and control discoverability in interactive 3D visualisation environments. These findings and resulting recommendations informed the development of the revised 3D-Geo-Vis 2.0 application. Full article

Industrial operations increasingly face high-stakes decisions that involve people, data streams, simulations, and control systems. Urgent sessions often require external expertise, retrieval of documents and live telemetry, running what-if simulations, and verifying safety constraints. These scenarios highlight the need for secure interoperability, explainable decision support, and human-in-the-loop control. This paper presents a proposal of a technology-agnostic reference architecture that builds on Industry 4.0 frameworks by incorporating the human-centric, resilient, and sustainable principles of Industry 5.0. Its intelligent layer enables the new approach to human involvement in the process, facilitating meaningful human–machine collaboration. The proposed research provides a practical and conceptual framework for systems engineers, industrial software architects, and operations managers seeking to transition legacy operational plants into human-aligned ecosystems. Its feasibility is evaluated through a simulation-based underground mining testbed, where heterogeneous data sources and communication protocols are integrated into a common operational environment. The proof of concept shows how telemetry, data storage, machine learning models, and operator feedback can be combined to support auditable, explainable, and human-contestable industrial decisions, demonstrating the classification accuracy, remaining useful life forecasting capabilities, and enhanced recommendation precision enabled by iterative operator feedback loops. Full article

This study aimed to develop a performance prediction model for speed climbing based on session-RPE (sRPE) and countermovement jump (CMJ), and to determine optimal pre-competition taper strategies. Training data were collected from 12 speed climbers over approximately 180 days (931 daily observations), including daily sRPE, CMJ, and climbing performance. The Banister fitness–fatigue impulse-response model was employed to quantify the dose–response relationship of training load, combined with random forest and gradient boosting for nonlinear feature analysis. Parametric grid search was used to optimize taper duration and daily load sequences. CMJ emerged as the most stable predictor of climbing performance (Pearson r = −0.319), ranking first in random forest feature importance (23.4%), while same-day sRPE showed negligible correlation with performance (r = 0.043). Group-level Banister model estimates showed a fitness time constant of τ1 = 34 ± 19 days and a fatigue time constant of τ2 = 17 ± 5 days, yielding τ1/τ2 = 2.0. Optimal taper duration ranged from 5 to 21 days, with load reduced to 29–90% of normal training load, exhibiting highly individualized characteristics. The physiological basis of tapering lies in exploiting the time gap τ1 > τ2—allowing fatigue to dissipate before fitness decays. A taper window of τ2 to τ1 days (approximately 17–34 days) is recommended, with an exponential decay curve for progressive load reduction. Taper strategies should be individualized, with daily CMJ monitoring for real-time load adjustment during the taper period. Full article

This study examines the characteristics of abstract language use in gifted preschool children during natural free-play activities and compares them with those of typically developing children. The aim is to enhance our awareness of characteristics of gifted children language use and support them in everyday conversations and activities. Abstract language refers to expressions that describe decontextualized situations or that convey causal reasoning and prediction. It is closely related to the development of children’s language, cognition, and thinking. A total of 16 gifted children (10 boys and 6 girls; M = 73.06 months) were identified using two standardized instruments, the Combined Raven’s Test (Chinese revised version) and the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence, Second Edition (TONI-2). All identified children completed both assessments and scored at or above the 99th percentile on the Combined Raven’s Test and the 98th percentile on the TONI-2. Another 16 typically developing children (10 boys and 6 girls; M = 72.81 months) from the same classes were selected as matched controls based on teacher reports and their typical developmental performance. Drawing on corpus analysis, the study analyzed 2778 utterances produced by the gifted children and 2879 utterances produced by the typically developing children during 30-min free-play sessions. The results showed that, as the level of abstract language increased, both groups displayed a similar declining trend in the frequency of language use. However, a cumulative logit mixed-effects model showed that gifted children had significantly higher odds of producing language at higher levels of abstraction than typically developing children. In addition, gifted children demonstrated higher levels of abstract language during educator–child and peer interactions, whereas their private speech was more concentrated at lower levels of abstraction than that of typically developing children. Based on these findings, the study proposes educational recommendations in three areas: recognising children’s advanced thinking, addressing their specific language needs, and leveraging their communicative strengths. These recommendations may help create a more supportive educational environment for gifted children and better foster their developmental potential. Full article

Background: Family-based interventions are effective in mitigating the risk for relapse of schizophrenia. However, the accessibility of these interventions is scarce in many clinical settings. A group-based brief cognitive behavioural intervention facilitated by a therapist using videoconferencing may help address this practice gap and improve the high treatment disengagement that occurs in interventions delivered in self-paced web-based forums or mobile applications. Objective: To examine the feasibility, acceptability, and safety of an online group-based cognitive behavioural family intervention for dyads of individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and caregivers. Methods: This feasibility study adopted a parallel-group, assessor-blind randomised controlled trial with a twelve-week post-intervention follow-up as well as individual semi-structured interviews. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group [i.e., tele-group cognitive behavioural family intervention (tgCBFI) group] and the treatment-as-usual group. Both groups also received biweekly brief telephone support. The feasibility and acceptability were assessed by the recruitment rate, intervention completion rate, retention rate and participants’ service satisfaction. Safety was measured by the number of adverse events. Results: Most intervention group participants (85.7%) attended all six online group sessions (six service user-caregiver dyads, corresponding to 12 participants), while 100% of participants attended the per-protocol number of sessions (≥four sessions). The study recruitment rate was 16.4%, while the study retention rate for follow-up assessments was 95.8%. No adverse events were reported throughout the study. Five themes were generated to illustrate the benefits of and recommendations for the tgCBFI programme to complement the quantitative findings. Conclusions: The preliminary results suggested that the use of videoconferencing to deliver group-based cognitive behavioural intervention was partially feasible and provided exploratory estimates suggesting possible improvement in psychiatric symptoms for individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, warranting a fully powered trial. Trial Registration: prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05808244. Full article