Search Results (209)

The management of transfer pricing operations is considered from the perspective of modeling financial and accounting processes for various organizations, using agricultural enterprises as an example. It is demonstrated that the execution of transfer pricing operations between related parties—which may function as responsibility centers within an organizational holding structure—serves as a managerial lever influencing the financial income and expenses of individual business units. It is revealed that the developed model of managerial accounting for transfer pricing operations, grounded in tax compliance and the balancing of stakeholder interests, is based on two key aspects: first, to ensure the balanced development of the company’s business units, a list of key performance indicators (KPIs) is developed and integrated into a balanced scorecard (BSC), promoting the sustainable and stable operation and growth of the company; second, with access to this list of KPIs, the manager of each business unit can exert indirect influence over a segment of the final product’s value chain by selecting transfer prices that adhere to the arm’s length principle. The practical application of the proposed model is illustrated using previously formed economic operations from the research base. Full article

Introduction. Road safety issues occupy scientists around the world. This study is aimed at creating a comprehensive digital model that will become a tool for developing recommendations for improving road safety in the regions of the Russian Federation. Methods. The assessment of the current state of road safety in the regions of Russia was carried out by means of rating. The object of the study was studied using econometric models, machine learning models, and system dynamics; sensitivity analysis and a balanced scorecard were used. Results. The regions of Russia were divided into three groups according to the level of safety. The econometric model and machine learning model made it possible to assess the influence of independent variables on dependent variables. The identified interrelations formed the basis of a system dynamics model. It was concluded that it is possible to extrapolate the results to groups of regions. For each group of regions, recommendations are given on the formation of a strategy for improving road safety. Conclusions. The practical significance of the study lies in the creation of a tool for the formation of recommendations for the creation of a strategy for improving road safety in the regions of the Russian Federation. Full article

The assessment of company performance requires a holistic approach, encompassing both financial and non-financial metrics. Accordingly, we develop a comprehensive airline performance evaluation model utilizing the Balanced Scorecard (BSC)-based multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework. Based on contingency theory, we use 30 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) derived from the literature and develop a novel performance model by combining the BSC framework with the Method based on the Removal Effects of Criteria (MEREC) for KPI weighting and the Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) for ranking. The focus on Turkish Airlines, serving as a comparative benchmark, over the period 2020–2023 reveals that while financial KPIs hold the greatest weight, non-financial KPIs have the most significant impact on performance. The lowest performance is recorded in 2020, most probably attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by a remarkable recovery in 2021. We offer a methodological contribution for managers, decision-makers, and scholars—an objective, data-driven tool to assess airline performance. Furthermore, we furnish policymakers with tangible data for more effective industrial incentives and convenient regulatory strategies. In contrast to most of the literature emphasizing financial indicators and subjective weighting approaches that might yield biased rankings, we suggest a novel integrated performance evaluation model tailored for the airline industry. Full article

This paper tackles the logistics dilemma of how to meet customer expectations while at the same time respecting the internal processes and financial interests of the company and ensuring long-term sustainability. In this paper, integrated Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Balanced Scorecard (BSC) techniques developed a method for the structured planning of logistics strategies. BSC, combined with QFD, gives the opportunity not only to “translate” the voice of the customer but also to focus on the company’s interests from four perspectives. For example, for products, we evaluated the interactions between different expectations, and the focus was on the disputes that arise during the expectations. The result of this paper is that Extended QFD provides a new method to formulate the various requirements. This method is suitable for creating a sustainable logistics strategy. Full article

Sustainability has become one of the main drivers of organizational performance. This study investigates the integration of sustainability with the balanced scorecard (BSC) as a framework for translating environmental management strategy into organizational performance. This review also seeks to map sustainability balanced scorecard (SBSC) research, clarifying its current role and identifying gaps and opportunities for future research. To achieve this, we sourced and reviewed 247 publications from the Web of Science index, corresponding to 129 scientific journals and 57 conference proceedings. Our analysis included content analysis and bibliometric analysis performed using the R packages Bibliometrix (version: 4.3.5), Biblioshiny, and CiteSpace (6.3.R1 Basic). The findings revealed that the SBSC enhances organizational capacity to align sustainability with strategic objectives, although significant implementation barriers remain, such as the selection of appropriate sustainability indicators and organizational resistance. This study contributes to advancing the theoretical and practical understanding of the SBSC while offering pathways for future research and application across sectors. Full article

The advancement of sustainable economic development has become a strategic imperative for enterprises aiming to combine financial development with environmental and social responsibility. In this regard, strategic enterprise management (SEM) has a critical role in incorporating the aspects of sustainability into decision making. The present paper suggests a multicriteria decision-making framework that utilizes fuzzy TOPSIS in assessing and ranking sustainability integration aspects in organizations. By considering the intrinsic vagueness of sustainability analysis, the fuzzy TOPSIS model enables the systematic analysis of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors by companies for ensuring their alignment to corporate strategic goals. A case study of a major international airport in Greece demonstrates how the proposed methodology assists strategic choice making, balancing economic viability and sustainable value creation. The results show primary trade-offs among human capital investment, environmental footprint reduction, and stakeholder communication, demonstrating how companies can enhance long-term resilience and competitiveness. This research adds to the existing literature by giving an integrated strategic enterprise management framework with the use of decision support instruments to foster sustainability-oriented corporate governance and strategic efficacy. The suggested model is flexible and can be applied in any industry, hence being a benchmark for sustainable business practice. This paper contributes to the literature by integrating fuzzy TOPSIS with balanced scorecard in the context of airport strategic sustainability management, offering both methodological advancement and empirical insights for transport and supply chain enterprises. Full article

Due to inappropriate operational strategies, the operational outcomes of education PPP projects often fail to meet expected goals, posing challenges to the sustainable operation of these projects. Through an operational performance evaluation, deviations between operational outcomes and intended goals and the underlying causes of these deviations can be identified, thereby supporting the adjustment of operational strategies. Therefore, this study proposed a performance evaluation model based on the Limited Cloud Model for education PPP projects. Firstly, this study refined the evaluation dimensions of the Balanced Scorecard based on the stakeholder needs and the Asset-Classified Operation characteristics of education PPPs, and an indicators system for the operational stage was developed. Secondly, a performance evaluation model was constructed using the COWA-Critic-Game Theory weighting method and the Finite Cloud Model. Finally, the performance evaluation model was applied to a newly operated university PPP project in Yantai, China, to conduct a case study. The evaluation results demonstrated the practicality and superiority of the proposed model in addressing the complex performance management challenges of education PPPs. This model assisted Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) in identifying issues within operational strategies and making necessary adjustments. Full article

Flight delays represent a significant challenge for airlines, airports, and passengers, impacting operational costs and customer satisfaction. Traditional prediction methods often rely on complex statistical analysis and mathematical models that may not be easily implementable. This study proposes scorecards as an innovative and simplified approach to forecast flight delays. Historical flight data from the United States were used, incorporating variables such as departure and arrival times, flight routes, aircraft types, and other factors related to delay. Exploratory data analysis identified key variables influencing delays, and scorecards were constructed by assigning weights, normalizing, and scaling variables to improve interpretability. The model was validated using test datasets, and predictive performance was evaluated by comparing forecast delays with actual results. The results indicate that scorecards provide accurate and interpretable predictions of flight delays. This method facilitates the identification of critical factors that contribute to delays and allows for an estimation of their likelihood and duration. Scorecards offer a practical tool for airlines and airport operators, potentially enhancing decision-making processes, reducing delay-related costs, and improving service quality. Future research should explore the integration of scorecards into operational systems and the inclusion of additional variables to increase model robustness and generalizability. Full article

Ports play a crucial role in Indonesia’s economy, yet many, particularly smaller ports, lack standardized port performance indicators (PPIs) to assess and improve operational efficiency. Existing studies primarily focus on financial and operational performance, often employing either the balanced scorecard (BSC) or PESTLE analysis in isolation, with limited integration of sustainability concepts, such as smart port and green port frameworks. This study bridges this gap, aiming to develop and validate a comprehensive PPI framework that combines BSC, PESTLE, and circular economy smart and green port principles to create holistic performance assessment tools for ports. The research used a three-round Delphi method, incorporating expert evaluations and consensus from academics, consultants, port authorities, and customers to validate key performance indicators. A total of 127 PPIs were initially identified through a literature review and expert consultations, using strict selection criteria—standard deviation ≤ 1.5, interquartile range (Q3–Q1) ≤ 2.5, and ≥51% expert agreement (ratings 8–10). The final validated framework includes 114 indicators covering financial, operational, environmental, and strategic dimensions. This study provides valuable insights for port authorities to optimize performance and align with global best practices by integrating internal and external factors into a comprehensive model. Full article

There are conflicting findings in the literature regarding the factors that influence school success. This uncertainty complicates the effective allocation of resources. The present study aims to identify critical success factors (CSFs) for schools by incorporating the perspectives of various stakeholders and addressing this gap in the literature. Additionally, a comprehensive performance measurement model is developed to ensure the sustainability of success. A three-phase complementary methodology was employed with 330 participants, including school administrators, students, and parents, from 23 high schools in Istanbul. Fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) was utilized to identify critical success factors (CSFs) by calculating centrality index values. Additionally, a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis was conducted to assess the institutional context, and a balanced scorecard (BSC) was developed for performance measurement. According to the results from FCM and SWOT analysis, the factors related to teachers, students, and school physical conditions were identified as the most critical success factors. The BSC model was employed in four high schools, yielding performance scores of 81.12 and 92.52, 67.89, 77.58, respectively. With its unique methodological approach integrating three analytical techniques, this study highlights the critical role of teacher experience, student quality, and appealing physical conditions in school success. It offers school administrators a scientifically grounded, practical performance evaluation tool. This study is significant as it establishes a foundation for monitoring large-scale investment performance in schools, encompassing Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) dimensions, and providing a basis for sustainability initiatives within educational institutions. Full article

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has recently gained popularity in the public building industry, and BIM is widely implemented in the construction industry in many developed countries around the world. In this paper, in order to evaluate the application level of BIM technology in assembly buildings in China, five maturity levels of BIM application in assembly buildings are established based on the commonly used maturity model, including the initial level, the starting level, the management level, the integration level, and the continuous optimization level. In order to construct a maturity evaluation index system for BIM application in prefabricated buildings, the literature review method was chosen to identify the indexes initially, the indexes were optimized by combining the questionnaire survey method, and using the balanced scorecard model, the maturity evaluation index system for BlM application in prefabricated buildings consisting of one target level, five guidance levels, thirteen graded element levels and thirty-one secondary index levels were identified. Based on this framework, the study establishes a maturity assessment model for BIM application in prefabricated buildings through three methodological integrations. First, the hierarchical analysis method Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to assign weights to indexes within the evaluation system. Subsequently, the Entropy Weight Method (EWM) was utilized to systematically construct the index system. This quantitative foundation was then combined with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation principles to develop the integrated assessment model. The practical application of this model was demonstrated through a case study of a prefabricated building project in China. The assessment results revealed that the project’s BIM application maturity level falls within the transitional phase “between the management level and integrated level”, indicating progressive but not yet fully optimized implementation. The result verifies the validity of the assessment model and proposes corresponding optimization suggestions based on the assessment results. Full article

The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is a strategic management framework introduced by Kaplan and Norton in 1992 to address the limitations of traditional performance measurement systems. It integrates financial and non-financial performance measures across four perspectives—financial, customer, internal processes, and learning and growth. Over three decades, the BSC has evolved into a comprehensive strategic tool adopted across industries and sectors worldwide. While its adaptability and integrative approach are strengths, criticisms include challenges in implementation, assumed cause–effect relationships, and relevance in decentralized organizations. Future research should investigate cultural adaptation; the incorporation of environmental, social, and governance metrics; and advancements driven by artificial intelligence to maintain ongoing relevance. Full article

This study aims to analyze the shifting focus and emerging themes in contemporary energy entrepreneurship research, alongside the challenges and opportunities faced by select energy entrepreneurs in a rapidly transforming global landscape that is driven by sustainability imperatives, resilience, and systemic energy transitions. Employing a semi-systematic and critical literature review, 238 relevant scientific articles from the Web of Science database were identified and analyzed. We then conducted focused case studies of energy entrepreneurs in a less-developed regional ecosystem. The findings reveal two distinct “generations” of energy entrepreneurship research, marked by a clear shift towards sustainability themes, innovative energy business models, and corporate responsibility. Additionally, we introduce the “Energy Innovation Scorecard” (EN.I.SCORE) framework—a comprehensive macro–meso–micro guideline designed to support energy entrepreneurs. Applying this framework to a sample of 89 surveyed and 8 interviewed firms reveals that, especially among microfirms, there is weak integration of strategy–technology–management, limited energy innovation, and poor financial performance prevail—challenges typical of underdeveloped ecosystems. By examining the origins, evolution, and holistic transformation of energy entrepreneurship, and by investigating the selected regional case, this research potentially helps bridge critical gaps in understanding the dynamics of this field. Full article

Conceptualized in this paper is the integration of sustainability into the strategic balanced scorecard for event tourism (SBSC-ET), emphasizing a holistic approach to managing event tourism. The community perspective focuses on cultural preservation and social equity, while the host location perspective addresses site sustainability, economic impacts, and stakeholder balance. The providers perspective highlights operational efficiency and sustainability, and the tourist perspective promotes responsible tourism and value co-creation. By organizing metrics according to stakeholder roles and objectives, the SBSC-ET ensures improved management of event tourism, addressing multiple dimensions of sustainability, including community needs, economic impacts, operational efficiency, and tourist experiences, ultimately benefiting all stakeholders involved. Full article

Background: This study explored the readiness and strategic considerations of companies and key stakeholders for the implementation of the Joint Clinical Assessment (JCA) under the European Health Technology Assessment Regulation (HTAR). It examined the implications of the JCA process for jurisdictional submission strategies, and decision-making across Europe. The study aimed at identifying key measures for an efficient and effective JCA process to enable national rollout. Methods: A survey was conducted with international pharmaceutical companies, followed by a multi-stakeholder workshop that expanded on the findings. The survey and workshop focused on key areas such as time to market, submission strategies, and the role of JCA in national decision-making processes. Descriptive and qualitative analyses were performed to identify recommendations for measuring and improving the JCA process. Results: 13 companies responded to the survey, respondents were generally prepared for the JCA process (readiness rated 6–7/10), but concerns persist about timeline uncertainties and timely JCA report delivery. In the short term, success for the HTAR from the company perspective is measured by positive recommendations across EU jurisdictions. Long term, the focus shifts to aligning HTA methodologies and evidence requirements across the EU. Establishing metrics to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of the JCA is a key step in the HTAR’s ongoing learning journey. To enhance the efficiency of the JCA process, a list of metrics is recommended for continuous improvement, as well as establishing training programs to strengthen member states’ capabilities, fostering open dialog for sharing technology-specific insights, and creating open-source tools to support companies. Additionally, research should be conducted to understand agencies’ expectations of the JCA and how they will use its reports, grouping agencies by archetype to identify trends. A key recommendation is the development of a product-based scorecard to evaluate JCA submissions and reviews from various perspectives, ensuring the process meets stakeholders’ needs and can be effectively utilized in national decision-making. Conclusions: The JCA process offers a significant opportunity to streamline HTA decision-making across Europe. This study highlights several key measures and consideration for its successful rollout, including the need for clearer communication about the role of JCA in national decisions, measurement of rollout time components, and the development of quality evaluation frameworks. A collaborative, iterative approach, where stakeholders continually refine the system, will be essential for its effectiveness. Addressing these challenges will enable the JCA to enhance efficiency, consistency, and ultimately improve access to treatments for patients. Full article