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Article

Optimizing Flight Delay Predictions with Scorecard Systems

by
Ilona Jacyna-Gołda
1,
Krzysztof Cur
2,
Justyna Tomaszewska
2,*,
Karol Przanowski
3,
Sarka Hoskova-Mayerova
4 and
Szymon Świergolik
5
1
Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland
2
Faculty of Aviation, Polish Air Force University, Dywizjonu 303 Street No. 35, 08-521 Dęblin, Poland
3
Statistical Methods & Business Analytics Unit, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, al. Niepodległości 162, 02-554 Warsaw, Poland
4
Department of Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Military Technology, University of Defence, Kounicova 65, 66210 Brno, Czech Republic
5
Air Force Institute of Technology, Księcia Bolesława 6, 01-494 Warsaw, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(11), 5918; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15115918 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 27 March 2025 / Revised: 12 May 2025 / Accepted: 22 May 2025 / Published: 24 May 2025

Abstract

Flight delays represent a significant challenge for airlines, airports, and passengers, impacting operational costs and customer satisfaction. Traditional prediction methods often rely on complex statistical analysis and mathematical models that may not be easily implementable. This study proposes scorecards as an innovative and simplified approach to forecast flight delays. Historical flight data from the United States were used, incorporating variables such as departure and arrival times, flight routes, aircraft types, and other factors related to delay. Exploratory data analysis identified key variables influencing delays, and scorecards were constructed by assigning weights, normalizing, and scaling variables to improve interpretability. The model was validated using test datasets, and predictive performance was evaluated by comparing forecast delays with actual results. The results indicate that scorecards provide accurate and interpretable predictions of flight delays. This method facilitates the identification of critical factors that contribute to delays and allows for an estimation of their likelihood and duration. Scorecards offer a practical tool for airlines and airport operators, potentially enhancing decision-making processes, reducing delay-related costs, and improving service quality. Future research should explore the integration of scorecards into operational systems and the inclusion of additional variables to increase model robustness and generalizability.
Keywords: operational forecasting; air traffic management; flight delay operational forecasting; air traffic management; flight delay

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Jacyna-Gołda, I.; Cur, K.; Tomaszewska, J.; Przanowski, K.; Hoskova-Mayerova, S.; Świergolik, S. Optimizing Flight Delay Predictions with Scorecard Systems. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 5918. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15115918

AMA Style

Jacyna-Gołda I, Cur K, Tomaszewska J, Przanowski K, Hoskova-Mayerova S, Świergolik S. Optimizing Flight Delay Predictions with Scorecard Systems. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(11):5918. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15115918

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacyna-Gołda, Ilona, Krzysztof Cur, Justyna Tomaszewska, Karol Przanowski, Sarka Hoskova-Mayerova, and Szymon Świergolik. 2025. "Optimizing Flight Delay Predictions with Scorecard Systems" Applied Sciences 15, no. 11: 5918. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15115918

APA Style

Jacyna-Gołda, I., Cur, K., Tomaszewska, J., Przanowski, K., Hoskova-Mayerova, S., & Świergolik, S. (2025). Optimizing Flight Delay Predictions with Scorecard Systems. Applied Sciences, 15(11), 5918. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15115918

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