Search Results (105)

Virtual architectural reconstructions have been developed for nearly four decades now, with the London Charter providing a framework for their scholarly use, particularly emphasising the need for transparent and evaluable documentation. Despite this, documentation remains uncommon due to the absence of binding standards, limited incentives, and the considerable effort required. Crucially, experience shows that documentation cannot realistically be produced retrospectively and must be created alongside with the reconstruction process. To address this gap, IDOVIR, a platform supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG), aims to streamline documentation workflows and improve communication among researchers by providing an efficient, web-based framework for recording and sharing information. More than ten years of experience with such approaches have both refined existing methods and highlighted the need for broader standardisation. The community is increasingly seeking to define general principles, criteria, and best practices for high-quality documentation beyond project-specific solutions. This paper contributes to that effort by outlining key requirements, proposing structural guidelines, and compiling relevant source types for reconstructions, with the goal of fostering consensus and improving the transparency, understanding, and evaluation of virtual reconstruction projects. With our proposal, we want to intensify the necessary communication process in the community to establish coordinated standardisation, which is lacking at the moment. Full article

This article examines how TEI-based digital archives and human-curated annotation layers can support documented uses of large language models in literary analytics. It argues that structured textual infrastructures strengthen the conditions for evaluating and interpreting LLM outputs by making scholarly decisions explicit, inspectable, auditable, and contestable. Here, semantic data governance refers to provenance, documentation, controlled vocabularies, interpretive criteria, and critical evaluation. The case study is the LdoD Archive and its Virtual Edition “Philosophical Intertextuality,” built on TEI-encoded sources for Fernando Pessoa’s Livro do Desassossego, a fragmentary and posthumously assembled work. The virtual edition adds a human-authored semantic layer through taxonomies and tagging tools that connect fragments with philosophical categories and named thinkers. Building on this architecture, the article proposes a layered workflow in which TEI, taxonomies, authority records, annotation tables, machine-readable metadata, and validation procedures interact. A curated dataset derived from the virtual edition can support qualitative comparison between human annotations and model outputs, exploratory evaluation of omissions, unsupported associations, and interpretive divergences, and prompt design based on concise scholarly examples. The annotations function as situated scholarly claims, allowing interpretive plurality to coexist with stronger provenance, inspection, and critical assessment in transparent and reproducible conditions for future LLM-assisted literary analysis across different analytical contexts. Full article

In 2022, a coalition of 52 scholarly publishers representing more than 15,000 journals endorsed a standardised questionnaire on ethnic origins, ancestry, and race. This Opinion tests whether that questionnaire’s ancestry item follows the geographic rationale its own designers cite for it, using a documentary audit against the United Nations M49 geoscheme. The wording refers to ancestry and ethnic origins, but the response options record coarse geographic origin. The European categories make the problem especially visible. The instrument offers only “Western Europe” and “Eastern Europe”, omits Southern Europe, and lists Greece, Sweden, and the United Kingdom as being part of Western Europe, although UN M49 places Greece in Southern Europe and Sweden and the United Kingdom in Northern Europe. Several other options depart from M49 in distinct ways, including a label–example mismatch, deliberate combinations of adjacent subregions, and aggregation to a higher regional level. These inconsistencies do not validate M49 as an ancestry taxonomy. They show that the questionnaire uses a hybrid, insufficiently documented geography instead of following its stated rationale consistently. Public evidence is not sufficient to demonstrate that respondents interpret the resulting categories consistently across countries and languages. Publishers should define the construct being measured, separate collection from reporting, collect sufficient detail before aggregation, and test revised questions across countries and languages. Full article

Winter-sport wearable technology spans motion and force sensing, physiological monitoring, thermal intervention, flexible bioelectronics, equipment-integrated systems, and safety technologies. This structured critical review synthesizes an evidence base of 80 unique scholarly records identified through a systematic Boolean search executed on 15 August 2026 in four standard academic databases (Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, and IEEE Xplore), which retrieved 1466 records (808 unique after cross-database deduplication), supplemented by backward/forward citation chasing for eligible records not indexed in these databases. The corpus comprises 32 direct winter-sport records, 15 cold-context translational records, 14 contextual validation records, and 19 secondary/background records. For empirical records containing sufficient information, validation maturity was additionally coded on a seven-stage ordinal scale; 54/80 records could be staged without inference, whereas 26/80 were retained as ‘not staged’. The corpus shows that translational maturity is strongly domain dependent. Motion and kinematic sensing frequently reaches real winter-sport training or field settings, whereas antifreezing hydrogels and flexible bioelectronics have advanced substantially in conductivity, adhesion, self-healing, conformability, and low-temperature operation but remain concentrated at material, integrated-device, and human-demonstration stages. The five recurring constraints—thermodynamic, interface, ecological, connectivity, and equity—are therefore reframed as non-equivalent, context-dependent dimensions rather than universal burdens. The revised architecture also distinguishes digitally mediated sense–decide–actuate loops from material-native stimulus–response and hybrid pathways, while continuous remote monitoring is treated as one option within an energy–communication trade-space. The resulting framework links evidence type, validation depth, system interface, and deployment context without equating commercial availability with scientific validation. Full article

This study presents a systematic literature review of spatial planning frameworks for coastal hazard mitigation, conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A structured search of two academic databases, Scopus and Web of Science, covering the period 2016 to 2026 identified 368 records, of which 27 peer-reviewed studies were included in the final synthesis. The review pursues four interrelated objectives: analyzing global publication trends in research on spatial planning for coastal hazard mitigation; identifying and describing coastal hazard typologies and their associated mitigation approaches; examining how spatial planning frameworks are integrated with hazard mitigation strategies; and synthesizing cross-cutting constructs that structure an integrative analytical model. Findings reveal a marked intensification of scholarly output over the final third of the review period, with Asia–Pacific and Europe as the most represented regions, while sub-Saharan Africa and small island developing states remain critically underrepresented. Coastal hazards are classified into four categories: slow-onset climate and hydro-geological processes, acute hydro-meteorological events, multi-risk systemic hazard interactions, and ecological and environmental degradation. Three analytically distinct integration families are identified: geospatial and technical modeling, NbS and ecosystem-planning integration, and participatory governance and institutional integration. From these, four cross-cutting constructs emerge inductively across the evidence base, namely spatial risk assessment and geospatial modeling, land-use governance and climate-proof planning, community-based resilience and participatory governance, and ecosystem-based adaptation and nature-based solutions, which together constitute an integrative analytical framework. The discussion demonstrates that governance capacity, rather than technical sophistication, is the primary moderator of implementation effectiveness, and that socio-spatial equity in hazard planning represents a cross-regional challenge irrespective of governance capacity level. Limitations include the geographic concentration of the evidence based in high-capacity planning contexts and the predominantly projected rather than implemented nature of effectiveness evidence. Full article

Synthetic media are digital artifacts (image, video, audio, text, or multimodal content) that are wholly or partly generated or materially manipulated by artificial intelligence (AI), particularly by deep-learning models. In consequence, their form, source, identity signal, or evidentiary relation to recorded events becomes partly or wholly artificial. A deepfake is the best-known subclass: AI-generated or AI-manipulated image, audio, or video content (including audio-only voice clones and still images) that realistically depicts an existing or fictitious person, object, place, or event and could falsely appear to be authentic. Contemporary scholarly and legal usage defines deepfakes by their technological origin and their capacity to deceive rather than by the creator’s intent, so disclosed and beneficial applications (accessibility, dubbing, entertainment, and research) are synthetic media as well. They are distinguished from cheapfakes (or shallowfakes), which achieve deception through conventional, non-AI editing such as selective cropping, slowing, or recontextualization. The social significance of synthetic media is not intrinsic but depends on consent, context, disclosure, and distribution, and on the institutional conditions under which audiences judge authenticity across the expanding volume of AI-generated content (AIGC) in the digital society. Full article

Nanoplastics (NPs) in drinking water should be interpreted as the downstream analytical endpoint of a broader continuum of aquatic plastic pollution rather than as an isolated problem. Their detection remains analytically immature because environmentally relevant concentrations are low, particle chemistries are heterogeneous, natural colloids and treatment residuals interfere with measurement, and no single method can simultaneously resolve size, morphology, polymer identity, and mass concentration. Unlike occurrence-centered reviews, this PRISMA-guided review treats drinking-water nanoplastics as a metrological and molecular-identification problem in which preprocessing, particle-level confirmation, polymer-specific quantification, and uncertainty reporting must be integrated. A formal search was closed on 11 April 2026 using prespecified query families across publicly accessible scholarly records and backward citation chaining; 33 unique records were screened, 25 full texts were assessed, and 22 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Current evidence indicates that conventional FTIR and routine Raman workflows are inadequate for true nanoscale analysis, whereas advanced Raman-based approaches, AFM-IR, optical photothermal infrared spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry offer complementary strengths but still have major limitations in throughput, particle-level information, or quantification. The main conclusion is that current uncertainty reflects unresolved analytical chemistry and metrological constraints as much as environmental variability. Regulatory progress will depend on orthogonal workflows, contamination-controlled preprocessing, validated reference materials, LOD/LOQ reporting, and interlaboratory harmonization. Full article

Background/Objectives: Vaccine-preventable disease may generate medico-legal disputes not only after an adverse event following immunization, but also when a clinician is alleged to have failed to mention, recommend, revisit, refer for, or document a clinically relevant vaccine. We examine this “unmentioned vaccine” problem while distinguishing existing law (lex lata) from proposed good practice (lex ferenda). Methods: We conducted a documented purposive narrative and comparative medico-legal review. PubMed/MEDLINE, PubMed Central, structured scholarly web searches, publicly accessible legal repositories, and official policy websites were searched from database inception through 21 July 2026 using combinations of vaccination, informed consent/refusal, failure to recommend or vaccinate, referral, documentation, negligence, causation, and LMIC terms. Authorities were selected for doctrinal relevance and jurisdictional contrast, with citation chaining. Results: In the selected jurisdictions, patient-centered disclosure of material risks and reasonable alternatives is recognized in differing forms. Vaccine-specific cases are sparse and fact-sensitive and do not establish a universal duty to recommend, refer, or revisit every vaccine. Provider recommendation influences uptake, but this behavioral evidence does not itself establish legal duty or causation, and direct empirical evidence linking counselling omissions to claims remains limited. We therefore present ADRR—assess, discuss and disclose, recommend or refer, and record and revisit—as proposed practice guidelines developed by the authors and presented in conceptual form, not as a validated legal or clinical standard. Conclusions: ADRR may support proportionate, system-level preparedness, especially in LMICs, but implementation must account for access, supply, workforce, financing, records, and legal context. Stakeholder co-design and empirical validation are required before routine adoption. Full article

This study presents GAGER, a governance-aware ontology-based framework for scholarly knowledge graph analytics evaluated as a single-university case study. The framework integrates bibliometric normalization, semantic organization, thematic clustering, provenance control, governance validation, and budgeted semantic coverage optimization. It transforms Scopus-based institutional bibliographic records into an operational knowledge infrastructure in which documents, authors, institutions, countries, publication venues, document types, knowledge areas, thematic clusters, and Sustainable Development Goal tags are jointly represented through a traceable semantic graph. GAGER uses the ontology to define candidate semantic anchors and applies a maximum-coverage optimization model to select the most informative governance-valid anchors under explicit budget constraints. Experiments using a real single-university corpus show that the proposed governance-validated ontology-plus-optimization strategy achieves higher semantic coverage and aggregate decision quality than ontology-only selection, random selection, and frequency-based selection baselines evaluated under the same budget constraints. The governance layer also has a measurable operational effect, reducing the initial candidate-anchor space from 27,542 anchors to 8320 validated anchors before optimization. The contribution is therefore a methodologically reproducible single-institution analytical framework that connects semantic governance, provenance, graph-based bibliometric representation, and budgeted optimization to support institutional research analytics, thematic prioritization, and evidence-based decision-making within the analyzed university context. Full article

Scientific production is expanding so quickly that research teams are struggling to track advances beyond their immediate specialization, especially in interdisciplinary areas where relevant work is scattered across venues and vocabularies. To reduce this overload at the group level, we propose an end-to-end pipeline that transforms structured bibliographic metadata into actionable topic recommendations for research teams. Starting from Scopus records, the method normalizes scholarly text, builds semantic author profiles using Sentence–BERT representations coupled with interpretable keyword descriptors, and forms candidate groups from co-authorship signals and profile similarity. For each group, the approach applies embedding-based topic modeling to generate candidate themes and ranks them using a relevance–novelty trade-off, enabling teams to surface directions that remain aligned with their collective agenda while still encouraging exploration beyond dominant or highly popular topics. Empirical evidence on a Scopus-derived corpus shows that embedding-aware descriptors support cleaner, semantically faithful representations than frequency-based baselines, strengthening downstream topic discovery and producing compact topic lists that are easier for teams to inspect, discuss, and adopt in collaborative planning. Full article

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex whole-joint disease imparting a substantial global socioeconomic burden. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has attracted increasing research interest as a non-pharmacological intervention for OA, but the intellectual structure and developmental trajectory of this research field remain incompletely understood. Objective: This study systematically mapped the intellectual landscape, research hotspots, thematic structure, and translational characteristics of PBM research in OA using bibliometric methods. Methods: Bibliographic records were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Following data cleaning, 422 publications (1988–2026) were analyzed using the bibliometrix package in R and VOSviewer software. Results: Publication output increased substantially after 2015, with a marked rise after 2020. Keyword co-occurrence analysis classified 71 core keywords into seven clusters, revealing a dual-axis knowledge structure comprising a mechanistic biology axis (inflammation, chondrocytes, oxidative stress, and cartilage) and a clinical rehabilitation axis (pain, WOMAC, exercise, and physical therapy). Overlay visualization and thematic map analyses indicated a gradual shift in research focus from symptom-oriented rehabilitation research toward mechanistic investigations and regenerative medicine-related approaches involving platelet-rich plasma and mesenchymal stem cells. Reference co-citation analysis identified two major citation clusters connected through studies related to inflammation, pain management, and rehabilitation. Conclusions: The PBM-OA literature is characterized by a translational knowledge structure integrating mechanistic biology and rehabilitation-oriented research. Notably, recent publication trends indicate increasing scholarly attention to regenerative medicine-related approaches while continuing to position PBM within exercise-centered conservative management. To strengthen the evidence base and guide future investigations, future research should prioritize protocol standardization, dose–response validation, and long-term structural outcomes. Full article

China’s Recording and Review system has emerged as a central mechanism of constitutional supervision and has attracted increasing scholarly attention over the past decade. Although constitutional review has been extensively studied in comparative constitutional law, research on China’s R&R system remains fragmented and lacks a systematic synthesis. This article presents a systematic review of the legal literature on the Recording and Review system. Organized around three stages of the Recording and Review system, the review synthesizes the principal doctrinal debates, identifies areas of scholarly consensus and disagreement, and highlights unresolved theoretical questions. It shows that existing scholarship has primarily focused on the institutional foundations and constitutional legitimacy of the Recording and Review system, while issues relating to review methods, review standards, and corrective mechanisms remain comparatively underexplored. By providing an analytically structured assessment of the existing literature, this review contributes to a deeper understanding of China’s legislature-centered model of constitutional supervision and establishes an agenda for future theoretical and empirical research. Full article

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is increasingly integrated into higher education, where it supports writing, feedback, problem solving, and research-related tasks while also raising concerns about cognitive offloading and learner dependence. This scoping review maps the literature on the relationships among GenAI, cognitive offloading, and learner agency in higher education. Following PRISMA-ScR guidance, searches were conducted on 24 June 2026 across six database sources: Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, EBSCOhost ERIC, EBSCOhost Education Source, APA PsycInfo via ProQuest, and ProQuest Education Collection via ProQuest Social Science Premium Collection. English-language peer-reviewed or scholarly journal literature published from 2022 to 24 June 2026 was eligible for inclusion. Data were charted using a structured extraction matrix and synthesized through descriptive mapping and theory-informed configurative synthesis. After duplicate removal, 5327 records were screened by title and abstract, 691 full-text reports were assessed, and 123 studies were included in the final charting matrix and synthesis. The review shows that learner agency is conceptualized as a multidimensional construct involving self-regulation, reflective judgement, intentionality, and responsible action. Across the literature, GenAI is best interpreted through an interpretive dual-pattern account: agency-supportive patterns are associated with self-regulated learning, self-efficacy, feedback literacy, and reflective engagement, whereas agency-eroding patterns are associated with cognitive offloading, overreliance, dependence, uncritical uptake, and weakened judgement. These patterns should be interpreted as a configurative synthesis of heterogeneous evidence rather than as causal effect estimates. Overall, the findings suggest that the educational value of GenAI depends less on the technology itself than on how it is pedagogically embedded, with augmentation-oriented and scaffolded use being more supportive of learner agency than replacement-oriented use. Full article

Inflation has become a major global economic issue, affecting household welfare and poverty reduction efforts, especially in developing countries. Despite growing scholarly attention, understanding of its conceptual foundations, emerging themes, and future research directions remains limited. This review analyzes international studies on inflation and household poverty from 2015 to 2025. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 147 peer-reviewed English-language articles were selected from an initial pool of 659 records in the Scopus database and analyzed using the Biblioshiny package in R for performance metrics and science mapping. The findings reveal a rapidly growing and diverse research area, with an average annual growth rate of 20.77%, involving 362 authors across 147 journals. Most research focuses on high-income nations such as the United States, China, and the UK, while regions heavily affected by inflation-driven poverty, such as Sub-Saharan Africa and Central Asia, are less represented. Thematic analysis identifies five key areas: macroeconomic instability and inequality; household well-being and food security; energy poverty and commodity prices; COVID-19 and external economic threats; and multidimensional poverty combined with social policies. Around 30% of the publications feature international collaboration, reflecting increased global cooperation. Life-cycle analysis indicates the field is in a growth phase and may reach maturity around 2036. Overall, this review provides a detailed overview of the development and structure of research on inflation and household poverty, highlights notable geographic and thematic gaps, and offers valuable insights for future studies and policies aimed at reducing inflation’s adverse effects on vulnerable economies. Full article

As scientific research becomes increasingly interdisciplinary, it is essential to quantify both the structural importance of disciplines and the topical proximity among them in cross-disciplinary networks. However, conventional PageRank mainly relies on link structure and therefore may overlook disciplines that are weakly connected structurally but closely related in terms of research themes. To address this limitation, we construct an interdisciplinary network dataset centered on computer science using metadata from OpenAlex, where nodes represent disciplines and edges represent co-occurrence relationships among disciplines in scholarly records. We further extract discipline-level topic representations from paper abstracts and keywords and propose a hybrid ranking method, namely Thematic PageRank (TPR), which integrates structural connectivity with topic similarity to evaluate node importance more comprehensively. In addition, we define multiple similarity measures to examine structural, thematic, and hybrid associations among disciplines. To validate the proposed method, we compare TPR with several baseline ranking algorithms, including standard PageRank, Weighted PageRank, Topic-Sensitive PageRank, HITS, LeaderRank, and Node2Vec. We also design ablation experiments to test the contribution of the structural branch, topic branch, and fusion mechanism. Experimental results show that TPR is more effective in identifying interdisciplinary disciplines at the boundary of the network, while the hybrid similarity measure provides stronger clustering performance than single-dimension measures. The proposed framework offers a more systematic and interpretable approach for evaluating disciplinary importance and similarity in interdisciplinary networks. Full article