Search Results (253)

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 12 weeks of Astragalus membranaceus saponins (AMS) supplementation on functional performance, knee joint mobility, self-reported outcomes, and biomarkers of inflammation and cartilage in healthy subjects with knee discomfort. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in healthy subjects aged 20–70 years with knee discomfort but without clinically diagnosed knee osteoarthritis. Participants were assigned to receive one capsule of AMS or a placebo once daily for 12 weeks. The pre-specified primary endpoints were the SLSD step count and knee ROM; KOOS total score was a key secondary endpoint; serum biomarkers were exploratory. The results included functional performance assessed by the Single Leg Step Down (SLSD) test, knee range of motion (ROM), and self-reported outcomes using the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Knee ROM was measured with a goniometer and recorded as both active ROM and passive ROM for knee flexion and extension. Serum biomarkers of inflammation (IL-8, IL-1β, MIP-1α), cartilage degradation (CTX-II, COMP, MMP-13, COL2A1), and cartilage synthesis (PIINP) were evaluated at baseline and Week 12. Results: Within the AMS group, SLSD step count increased significantly by 16.83% (Δ = +12.78 steps; p < 0.05) and recovery time decreased significantly by 19.12% (Δ = −108.91 s; p < 0.05) compared with baseline, whereas the placebo group showed smaller, non-significant changes (+4.48 steps and −56.48 s, respectively); however, neither between-group difference in change scores reached statistical significance. Significant improvements in active and passive knee ROM were observed in both flexion and extension (all p < 0.05) within the AMS group, whereas the placebo group showed no significant changes. KOOSs improved significantly in all domains within the AMS group, with the largest gains observed in sport/recreation (+22.23%) and quality of life (+18.38%). In the exploratory biomarker analysis, several inflammation and cartilage-related biomarkers changed after AMS supplementation showed within-group reductions (IL-8, COMP, MMP-13) and PIINP increased. Conclusions: 12 weeks of AMS supplementation was associated with improvements in selected functional, mobility, and outcomes in generally healthy adults with self-reported knee discomfort. AMS was also associated with changes in selected circulating biomarkers related to inflammation and cartilage metabolism. These findings should be interpreted as a preliminary, safe, complementary strategy to support joint health in healthy subjects with knee discomfort. Full article

Background: Highly effective CFTR modulation with Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor (ETI) markedly improves clinical outcomes in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Data on its effects on physical activity, sleep, sinonasal symptoms, and parent-perceived outcomes in preschool-aged children are limited. Methods: In this prospective, observational, single-center cohort study, ten children with cystic fibrosis (aged 2–6 years) and at least one CFTR variant eligible for ETI were included. Data were collected using wrist-worn Garmin vívofit Junior 2 activity trackers and standardized questionnaires one month before ETI initiation and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after start of ETI. Outcomes included step count, minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, sleep parameters, sinonasal symptoms, and parental perceptions. Results: ETI was well tolerated. Sweat chloride levels decreased significantly. Physical activity improved at 3 and 6 months (step count and active minutes/day; p < 0.05) but declined to near-baseline levels at 12 months. Parental assessments of physical and sporting performance showed sustained improvement. Sleep duration remained stable, with no changes in deep or light sleep phases or nighttime awakenings. Sinonasal symptoms remained low. Discussion & Conclusions: Preliminary findings of this exploratory pilot study show that improvement in physical activity after three and six months of ETI therapy might be attributable to seasonality, as therapy was started in winter months. No changes in sleep duration or sleep patterns are reassuring in this small cohort of young children with CF. ETI therapy was safe and well tolerated. Parental appraisal of their children’s physical performance improved after start of ETI. Longitudinal, controlled studies involving larger cohorts are required to validate these findings and to account for potential confounding factors, such as age-dependent changes and individual and environmental factors such as seasonal variation. Full article

This paper investigates trajectory tracking and collision-avoidance problems for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) in maritime sports support scenarios. These tasks require accurate tracking, disturbance rejection, safe motion around static and moving obstacles, and predictable transient performance within task-level time constraints. To address these requirements, an adaptive predefined-time sliding mode control (APTSMC) strategy is formulated for the considered CyberShip II-based USV tracking error system. A predefined-time sliding surface and reaching law are used to provide an explicit convergence-time design parameter for the nominal tracking subsystem, while an adaptive compensation mechanism estimates the unknown bound of lumped disturbances without requiring prior knowledge. To support collision avoidance, a velocity-modulated artificial potential field correction is incorporated as a reactive avoidance layer. The modulation term strengthens repulsion when the USV approaches an obstacle and reduces unnecessary deviation when the relative motion is safe. Numerical results in a constructed maritime sports boundary-tracking simulation scenario with multiple static and moving obstacles further demonstrate the potential effectiveness of the integrated framework in balancing tracking accuracy and collision avoidance safety. Full article

Background/Objectives: L-carnitine and Coenzyme Q₁₀ (CoQ₁₀) are widely used in health and sports supplementation settings to improve energy metabolism, reduce fatigue, and support recovery. Although generally perceived as safe, their safety profiles are mainly based on pre-marketing studies and selected clinical populations, while real-world pharmacovigilance evidence remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting patterns associated with L-carnitine and CoQ10 using the EudraVigilance database. Methods: A retrospective pharmacovigilance analysis was conducted using spontaneous individual case safety reports (ICSRs) retrieved from the EudraVigilance database. ADRs associated with L-carnitine and CoQ₁₀ were analyzed and compared at the System Organ Class (SOC) level. Disproportionality analyses were performed using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and proportional reporting ratio (PRR). Results: A total of 257 ICSRs for L-carnitine and 271 for CoQ10 were identified. Serious cases accounted for 34.2% of L-carnitine reports and 74.5% of CoQ₁₀ reports. For L-carnitine, the most frequently reported SOC categories were gastrointestinal disorders, skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders, general disorders and administration site conditions, and nervous system disorders. For CoQ₁₀, the most commonly reported SOC categories were general disorders and administration site conditions, nervous system disorders, investigations, and gastrointestinal disorders. Comparative disproportionality analysis showed higher reporting frequencies for CoQ₁₀ in blood and lymphatic system disorders (ROR 3.04; PRR 2.99), musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders (ROR 2.63; PRR 2.52). Conclusions: Real-world pharmacovigilance data suggest partially different ADR reporting patterns for L-carnitine and CoQ₁₀ compared with those described in pre-marketing studies. CoQ₁₀ was associated with a higher proportion of serious reports and greater disproportionality signals for selected SOC categories; however, these findings should be interpreted cautiously, as reporting patterns may be influenced by reporting bias, comorbidities, concomitant therapies, and differences in the populations using these compounds. Continuous pharmacovigilance monitoring and periodic reassessment of their benefit–risk profile remain essential given their widespread use in health and sports supplementation settings. Full article

Rising ambient temperatures and the increasing frequency of training and competition in hot climates have made heat stress a major challenge in football. Under such conditions, players experience greater cardiovascular and thermoregulatory strain, faster glycogen use, higher perceived exertion, and progressive impairment in repeated high-intensity actions and decision-making. These responses have intensified interest in nutritional strategies that might complement heat acclimation, hydration/electrolyte planning, cooling practices, and recovery management. This narrative review critically synthesizes current evidence on nutritional interventions that may be relevant to football performed in the heat, with emphasis on hydration and electrolyte replacement, carbohydrate–protein strategies, taurine, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), creatine, menthol, antioxidant- and nitrate-related approaches, and selected multi-ingredient products. Across the available literature, hydration/electrolyte planning and carbohydrate–protein feeding remain the practical foundation, menthol appears most consistently useful for perceptual cooling, creatine seems safe and potentially helpful for repeated-sprint support, and taurine is promising but still supported by relatively few trials. By contrast, evidence for BCAAs, antioxidants, nitrates, and caffeine as stand-alone heat strategies, as well as for many compound supplements, remains inconsistent, context-specific, or too indirect for strong football-specific endorsement. Overall, the evidence base remains heterogeneous in study quality, protocol design, exercise mode, and sport specificity. A substantial proportion of the available data is derived from cycling, endurance, or laboratory heat-exercise models rather than football-specific trials. Accordingly, any practical recommendation should be interpreted cautiously and embedded within broader heat-management strategies. Future work should prioritize ecologically valid randomized controlled trials in football or football-like intermittent protocols, with transparent reporting of dose, timing, perceptual outcomes, and match-relevant performance measures. Full article

Development of innovative functional foods is a key sports nutrition strategy to enhance physical performance, support recovery, and promote overall health. Plant-based protein-rich products have emerged as a sustainable alternative to conventional animal-protein sources, offering nutritional benefits and reducing environmental impact. This study aimed to develop high-protein plant-based cookies using a conventional formulation enriched with carrot, broccoli, and legume flour, and to evaluate their effects in a preclinical model. The nutritional composition was determined using standard food analysis methods and microbiological assays were conducted to ensure safety. Twelve-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to either a standard diet group or a cookie-supplemented group. The intervention consisted of daily administration of cookies at a dose of 5.3 g/kg body weight for 15 days. Physiological and biochemical parameters, including body weight, glucose, lipid profile, renal function, muscle thickness, and grip strength, were assessed. Despite no significant differences in glucose and lipid profiles between groups, increased muscle thickness (pubococcygeus and gastrocnemius), improved grip strength and higher levels of urea and creatinine were observed in the supplemented group. These findings indicate that high-protein plant-based cookies are safe in preclinical conditions and may promote functional benefits such as enhanced muscle strength and lean mass development. Therefore, they represent a promising and sustainable functional food for sports nutrition applications. Full article

Introduction: Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of heel pain in adults, with a significant impact on quality of life and athletic performance. While conservative treatments are effective in most cases, a subset of patients remains symptomatic and may require surgical intervention. Minimally invasive techniques, such as bipolar radiofrequency (RF) coblation using the TOPAZ system, have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional open or endoscopic procedures. Methods: This retrospective study evaluated the clinical outcomes of 49 consecutive patients (20 males and 29 females; mean age 54.3 ± 11.4 years; mean BMI 25.3 ± 3.2, range 21.5–34.7) with chronic plantar fasciitis unresponsive to at least six months of conservative treatment. The affected side was left in 24 patients and right in 25, and 35 patients were regularly engaged in sports prior to symptom onset. All patients underwent percutaneous bipolar RF coblation using the TOPAZ device between July 2019 and November 2024. Patient-reported outcome measures—including the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), AOFAS Ankle–Hindfoot Score, SF-36, and Tegner Activity Scale—were collected at the final follow-up (mean 41.7 ± 18.3 months, range 6–71). Results: Statistically significant improvements were observed in pain and function: mean VAS decreased from 8.5 to 3.1 (p < 0.001), and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) pain and function scores improved from 2.5 and 12.75 to 28.75 and 38.75, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean Tegner score increased from 1.3 to 4.1 (p < 0.001), with 100% of previously active patients returning to sport. No major complications or reoperations were reported. Conclusions: Percutaneous bipolar RF coblation appears to be a safe and effective treatment for recalcitrant plantar fasciitis, offering significant pain relief, functional improvement, and a high return-to-sport rate with minimal morbidity. This technique may represent a valuable intermediate option between conservative care and open surgery. Full article

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming healthcare, with increasing applications in sports medicine. Advances in machine learning, deep learning, and computer vision enable the analysis of large, heterogeneous datasets derived from imaging, wearable sensors, performance-monitoring systems, and electronic health records. While these technologies offer opportunities to enhance injury prevention, diagnostic accuracy, rehabilitation monitoring, and clinical decision-making, their integration into athlete care remains complex and context-dependent. Methods: A structured narrative review of the PubMed/MEDLINE database was conducted to identify clinically relevant AI applications in sports medicine. The search focused on key domains including injury risk prediction, musculoskeletal imaging, rehabilitation monitoring, return-to-play assessment, performance management, and clinical workflow support. Evidence from original studies, reviews, methodological reports, and regulatory documents was qualitatively synthesized to provide an overview of current applications, methodological limitations, and decision-level implications. Results: AI demonstrates growing utility across multiple domains of sports medicine. Machine learning models can identify complex, non-linear relationships among training load, physiological responses, and injury risk, though their predictive performance varies widely and is often limited by dataset heterogeneity and a lack of external validation. In musculoskeletal imaging, AI-based algorithms support automated detection and quantification of abnormalities, with performance in selected tasks approaching that of expert readers, yet remaining task-specific and context-dependent. Emerging applications include movement analysis and rehabilitation monitoring through wearable sensors and computer vision systems, as well as data-driven support for return-to-play decisions and clinical workflow optimization. However, current evidence highlights important limitations, including algorithmic bias, limited generalizability, poor interpretability, and the risk of misapplication in complex clinical decision-making contexts. Conclusions: AI is likely to become an important decision-support layer in sports medicine by enabling data integration and longitudinal monitoring. However, model performance does not necessarily translate into improved clinical outcomes, and AI-generated predictions remain probabilistic and context-sensitive. Consequently, clinical decisions—particularly high-stakes processes such as return-to-play—require structured integration of AI outputs within a broader clinical framework. The sports physician remains central as a human-in-the-loop integrator, responsible for contextualizing AI-derived information, mitigating potential errors, and ensuring safe, individualized athlete management. Full article

Background/Objectives: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease for which conservative treatments often provide limited long-term benefit. Adipose-derived stromal cells delivered as stromal vascular fraction (SVF) represent a minimally invasive orthobiological approach with potential anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of intra-articular autologous SVF therapy and to explore patient- and treatment-related factors influencing outcomes over one year. Methods: This single-center retrospective study included 48 patients with knee OA Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grade II–III treated with a single intra-articular injection of autologous SVF between June 2020 and February 2022. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) at baseline and at 3 and 12 months post-treatment. Associations between clinical outcomes and age, sex, body mass index (BMI), OA grade, and administered cell dose were analyzed. Results: Significant improvements were observed in all KOOS domains at 3 months post-treatment (p < 0.001). At 12 months, improvements remained significant across domains, although Symptom scores showed slight attenuation. Higher administered cell dose was associated with greater improvement in KOOS Quality of Life (CFU-F indicators, r_s = 0.41–0.45, p < 0.01) and Sport and Recreation (TNC indicators, r_s = 0.36–0.38, p < 0.05) at 12 months, while younger age predicted greater QoL improvement and normal BMI was associated with better Symptom outcomes. Radiographic OA severity did not significantly influence treatment response, and sex-related differences were minimal. No serious adverse events were recorded. Discussion: SVF therapy was associated with sustained functional improvement and demonstrated a favorable safety profile in patients with moderate knee OA. Although demographic and treatment-related factors showed limited influence, cell dose, BMI, and age may affect selected outcomes. Prospective controlled studies with larger cohorts and longer follow-up are required to optimize patient selection and treatment protocols. Conclusions: These findings suggest that autologous SVF therapy may represent a safe and effective complementary treatment option for patients with moderate knee osteoarthritis seeking alternatives to more invasive interventions; however, these results should be confirmed in prospective controlled studies. Full article

The presence of wild species in urban areas is becoming increasingly common. In southern Spain, species such as wild boar cause significant damage and problems in human-dominated environments, such as peri-urban areas, sports facilities, and urban parks. Here, we used camera trapping to monitor the entry rates of ungulates (wild boar and red deer) into three golf courses located in urban areas in southern Spain. The courses are surrounded by hunting estates and other non-urban areas where species are controlled through lethal methods. Wild boars are controlled year-round, and red deer are controlled during specific hunting periods. We tested for differences during periods of normal human activity and periods of the COVID lockdown using generalised linear mixed models. We controlled ungulate raids for 2639 trapping nights, obtaining 1093 wild boar and 225 red deer independent events. During the COVID lockdown, wild boar raids on golf courses decreased significantly. Meanwhile, equivalent deer raids increased significantly during the hunting period. The results indicate that certain urban areas where control by firearms is not permitted—such as golf courses—can function as safe zones for wild species. This reserve effect is related to the structure of the urban habitat and the resources it offers in terms of security and food. Full article

This study investigates the spatial distribution of ambient dose equivalent rates (ADER) on Avala and Kosmaj mountains, two protected landscapes located within the territory of the City of Belgrade, Serbia. Both sites, characterized by rich biodiversity and cultural heritage, were analyzed to assess their radiological safety and suitability for outdoor recreation. In mid-October 2025, in situ measurements were conducted at 42 sampling points using the Radex RD1503+ GM counter. The recorded values ranged from 0.085 to 0.2 µSv/h, remaining below the recommended safety threshold of 0.2 µSv/h. To visualize the gamma dose spatial variability, all field data were georeferenced and processed in QGIS 3.28.10 using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method. Integration of GIS and Remote Sensing techniques enabled the correlation between gamma radiation patterns, land cover, and elevation gradients derived from digital elevation models (DEMs). The comprehensive GIS-based approach confirms that Avala and Kosmaj maintain low natural background radiation levels comparable to global averages for similar geomorphological settings, and therefore are safe and suitable for sports, tourism and recreation. The applied combination of field dosimetry, Remote Sensing, and geostatistical modeling provides a valuable framework for continuous environmental monitoring and sustainable landscape management in protected mountainous landscapes in Central Serbia. Full article

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are increasing in young athletes and many are related to non-contact, spontaneous mechanical fatigue-related ruptures. The objective of this narrative review is to identify and synthesize the anatomical, histological, physiological, and biomechanical basis of extracellular matrix (ECM) factors that contribute to ACL injuries and suggest ways to decrease their occurrence. Methods: The primary investigator searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar database titles and abstracts using search phrases with Boolean operators: “anterior cruciate ligament” OR “ACL”, OR “cranial cruciate ligament” AND “disease”; “anterior cruciate ligament” OR “ACL”, OR “cranial cruciate ligament” AND “spontaneous rupture” OR “non-contact injury”; and “anterior cruciate ligament” OR ACL, OR cranial cruciate ligament” AND “crosslink”, “collagen” OR “extracellular matrix”; and “anterior cruciate ligament” OR “ACL”, OR “cranial cruciate ligament” AND “microtrauma”, OR “sudden” OR “fatigue failure”. The primary investigator and a sports orthopedic surgeon reviewed titles and abstracts of diverse evidence sources. From these identified sources, the study team performed full text reviews, selected contributing articles, performed Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) grading, and synthesized the following themes: A Hostile Environment, ACL Strain, and Poor Nutrient Delivery; Accumulative ACL Microtrauma and Mechanical Failure; The ACL Differs From Other Ligaments; Collagen, the ECM, and ACL Mechanobiology; Crimps and ACL ECM Stretch; Crosslinks Improve ECM Mechanical Properties; The Delicate Collagen Synthesis and Degradation Balance; Exercise Training and the ACL; Can Nutraceuticals Help Restore the Balance?; Training Induced ACL Hypoxia; Estrogen and the Female Athlete; Counting Pitches or Counting Collagen Fiber Ruptures; and Restoring A Positive Anabolic–Catabolic Collagen Balance. Results: Regular exercise training within a physiologically safe loading range is vital to ACL ECM health. However, low or moderate evidence suggested that poor blood supply, slow metabolism, and a hypoxic environment may unbalance anabolic and catabolic homeostasis. Active rest and recovery concepts that prevent youth baseball shoulder and elbow injuries may help prevent non-contact ACL injuries. Conclusions: More prescriptive active rest and recovery intervals and neuromuscular control training may restore the anabolic–catabolic balance that increases mature crosslink density and improves ACL ECM strength. Confirmatory studies are needed to better establish therapeutic intervention mode(s), timing, dosage, and frequency optimization. Full article

Background and Objectives: The assessment of neuromuscular recovery after ACL reconstruction is crucial for safe return to sport (RTS) in professional soccer players. This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to compare squat jump (SJ), bilateral countermovement jump (CMJ), and single-leg CMJ performance in three distinct groups: players at 6 months post-ACL reconstruction, players at 9 months post-ACL reconstruction, and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two male players (24 at 6 months post-ACL, 24 at 9 months post-ACL, 24 healthy controls) performed squat jump, bilateral countermovement jump, and single-leg CMJ tests using contact platforms following a controlled warm-up protocol. Results: Significant group differences were observed in all jump tests. At 6 months post-ACL reconstruction, players demonstrated significantly lower squat jump (45.13 ± 6.20 cm) and bilateral countermovement jump (49.67 ± 6.80 cm) heights compared to both 9-month players (SJ: 50.03 ± 5.30 cm; CMJ: 53.79 ± 4.85 cm) and controls (SJ: 51.12 ± 4.97 cm; CMJ: 55.49 ± 5.54 cm) (p ≤ 0.016, η² = 0.187 and η² = 0.156, respectively). No significant differences between 9-month and control groups were observed for the squat jump and the bilateral countermovement jump. Regarding the unilateral countermovement jump, the injured leg showed significant performance deficits compared to controls in both the 6-month and 9-month groups (p = 0.001, η² = 0.378). However, the non-injured leg exhibited deficits only in the 6-month group. Conclusions: Compared to the 6-month post-ACL reconstruction group, the 9-month group showed a marked improvement in bilateral jump performance, indicating substantial neuromuscular recovery over time. However, persistent unilateral deficits in the injured leg remained even at 9 months, underscoring the need for a routine and comprehensive jumping evaluation to identify residual neuromuscular impairments that may require targeted rehabilitation before returning to sport. Full article

Background and Objectives: Engaging in sports activities presents several benefits but also carries a risk of injury. Performing warm-up exercises may serve as a preventive measure against sports injuries. This study explored how participating in warm-up exercises is associated with complications, subsequent injury frequency, and recovery duration among athletes with a history of sports injuries. Materials and Methods: In this study, we performed cross-sectional secondary analysis of data derived from the 2024 Sports Safety Accident Survey conducted by the Korea Sports Safety Foundation, which is a nationally administered survey based on a structured questionnaire. The survey, conducted from November 2024 to December 2024, targeted 10,000 athletes aged ≥12 years registered in 64 sports nationwide. We utilized the data of 6063 athletes who had experienced sports injuries. The collected data were analyzed using frequency analyses, chi-squared tests, and multivariate logistic regression analyses. This study was conducted as a physical activity epidemiology study to examine associations between warm-up exercise participation and injury outcomes. Results: The likelihood of complications was higher among those who responded “not really” or “neutral” regarding participation in warm-up exercises. The likelihood of injuries was higher among those who responded “neutral” or “somewhat”. Furthermore, the likelihood of prolonged recovery was higher among those who responded “not really”, “neutral”, or “somewhat”. Conclusions: Performing warm-up exercises is an essential measure for athletes with a history of injuries to safely engage in sports activities. Therefore, it is necessary to highlight the importance of warm-up exercises among athletes and to implement a safety management system to encourage consistent performance. Full article

Background: Primary malignant brain tumors (PBT) impose substantial burdens on patients and caregivers. Caregivers are essential in the delivery of outpatient care for patients with PBT but experience high levels of fatigue, distress, and health decline. Although exercise is known to improve outcomes in cancer patients, interventions tailored specifically to the PBT patient–caregiver dyad remain limited. Dyadic intervention, as well as exercise oncology, are emerging areas of active research in neuro-oncology. This scoping review incorporates both principles to evaluate the existing literature on exercise interventions on primary brain tumor patient–caregiver dyads. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, CINAHL (EBSCO), Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine (EBSCO), and Cochrane Central (Ovid) in December 2025 for studies involving exercise interventions that included adult PBT patients and caregivers. Results: Of the 1126 records screened, eight studies were included: four yoga-based interventions (three feasibility trials and one ongoing multicenter RCT), one pilot ski-based intervention, and three aerobic and resistance training-based interventions (two qualitative and one ongoing trial). The interventions were safe and feasible, with high adherence and retention. The preliminary reported benefits included improvements in fatigue, sleep, quality of life, and caregiver distress for the dyads. Videoconference delivery was effective, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The eight included studies comprised 5–67 dyads, with four being single-arm feasibility studies. Conclusions: Current literature on dyadic exercise intervention in neuro-oncology consists primarily of small-scale feasibility and pilot studies. Initial findings have demonstrated that such interventions are safe. However, preliminary efficacy remains limited due to the risk of bias and lack of statistical power. Larger randomized clinical trials with objective endpoints are needed to define efficacy and guide evidence-based protocols. Full article