Search Results (17,232)

Plasma Oncostatin M (OSM) has been proposed as a biomarker of disease activity in ulcerative colitis (UC). We evaluated OSM’s relationship with clinical, endoscopic, and histological activity across two follow-up visits, compared with fecal calprotectin (FC). One hundred UC patients were assessed at Visit 1 (baseline) and Visit 2 (12 months) for clinical (partial Mayo score), endoscopic (Mayo Endoscopic Score), and histological (Nancy Histological Index) activity, alongside plasma OSM, FC, CRP, and fibrinogen; 30 healthy controls were included for comparison. Given the marked right-skewness of OSM and FC, associations were assessed using both Pearson and Spearman correlations, and logistic regression effect sizes are reported as odds ratios per doubling of biomarker concentration (log2 scale). OSM correlated significantly with all activity measures at both visits, most strongly with histological activity (r = 0.521–0.602), but weakly or not with CRP/fibrinogen. OSM was significantly elevated versus controls at both visits (p < 0.001) and declined significantly with treatment response (Δ = −89.06 vs. +0.50 in controls, p = 0.006). FC was the dominant predictor of clinical (AUC = 0.788) and endoscopic (AUC = 0.926) remission at Visit 2, with OSM contributing little independent value; however, for histological remission, both baseline OSM and ΔOSM were independent, complementary correlates (OR = 8.43 and 9.64 per doubling, respectively; p < 0.001 for both), yielding the strongest model overall (AUC = 0.949). OSM’s discriminative accuracy improved markedly from Visit 1 to Visit 2 for endoscopic (AUC 0.695 → 0.897) and histological (AUC 0.738 → 0.927) activity. Across two follow-up assessments, OSM consistently reflected UC activity, with its strongest and most independent signal for histological inflammation, both as a concurrent correlate and—more modestly—as a genuine prospective marker independent of baseline treatment exposure. OSM’s incremental value over FC was most apparent for histological status and for stringent (MES 0) endoscopic remission, but not for conventional clinical or endoscopic remission thresholds. Full article

Background/Objectives: Acute hypercapnic respiratory failure is associated with significant morbidity and mortality despite advances in non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) therapy. The frontal QRS-T angle is a simple electrocardiographic marker reflecting ventricular depolarization–repolarization heterogeneity and has been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, the relationship between dynamic changes in frontal QRS-T angle and NIMV treatment response in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between frontal QRS-T angle changes after NIMV treatment and clinical outcomes in patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study included 186 adult patients hospitalized with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure and treated with bilevel positive airway pressure between January 2024 and December 2025. Frontal QRS-T angle values were obtained from standard 12-lead electrocardiograms recorded before NIMV initiation (T0) and at the 24th hour of treatment (T24). Clinical, laboratory, arterial blood gas, and electrocardiographic parameters were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, correlation analysis, and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate the prognostic significance of frontal QRS-T angle. Results: Successful NIMV treatment was achieved in 143 patients (76.9%), whereas 43 patients (23.1%) experienced NIMV failure. Patients with failed NIMV treatment had significantly higher baseline frontal QRS-T angle values compared with the successful group [128° (94–156) vs. 71° (48–101), p < 0.001]. Frontal QRS-T angle significantly decreased after treatment in the successful NIMV group but not in the failed group. A significant positive correlation was observed between ΔPaCO₂ and Δfrontal QRS-T angle (r = 0.624, p < 0.001). ROC analysis demonstrated that baseline frontal QRS-T angle predicted NIMV failure with an AUC of 0.842 (95% CI: 0.773–0.898) and in-hospital mortality with an AUC of 0.811 (95% CI: 0.735–0.873). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed significantly lower survival rates in patients with frontal QRS-T angle >90° (log-rank p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified frontal QRS-T angle >90° as an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (OR: 3.617, 95% CI: 1.484–8.813, p = 0.005). Conclusions: Baseline frontal QRS-T angle was associated with NIMV failure and in-hospital mortality, while its 24-h change was associated with physiological response among patients with paired T0–T24 measurements. These findings are hypothesis-generating and do not establish the utility of frontal QRS-T angle monitoring for immediate escalation or intubation decisions. Full article

Transaldolase deficiency (TALDO-D) is an ultra-rare disorder of the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway with prominent liver disease and systemic accumulation of polyols and seven-carbon sugars. We systematically reviewed hepatic manifestations, molecular findings, genotype–phenotype relationships, and liver transplantation (LTx) experience. PubMed/MEDLINE and Europe PMC were searched from inception to 10 August 2026, with citation tracking; supplementary Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection searches were performed on 19 August and 1 September 2026, respectively. Twenty-nine primary clinical reports were included. Individual-patient reconciliation supported 51 genetically/biochemically confirmed patients as the primary analytic set; inclusion of one diagnostically uncertain patient with a homozygous in-frame TALDO1 variant reported as a variant of uncertain significance produced an upper-bound sensitivity set of 52. Seven patients underwent LTx. TALDO1 variants were heterogeneous, and intrafamilial and intragenotypic variability precluded reliable genotype-based prediction. LTx may provide organ-specific rescue for advanced liver disease, but persistent renal, endocrine, hematologic, and metabolic abnormalities require lifelong multisystem surveillance. Full article

Background/Objectives: Alzheimer disease (AD) causes progressive cognitive and functional loss and substantial caregiver and healthcare burden. Anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies represent a shift toward biology-directed treatment in biomarker-confirmed early symptomatic AD, but modest clinical effects must be balanced against amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), intensive monitoring, and implementation burden. Heterogeneity in trial populations, endpoints, dosing, stopping rules, and follow-up complicates interpretation. This narrative review critically integrates efficacy, safety, durability, biomarker, and implementation evidence for lecanemab and donanemab while preserving study-family relationships and avoiding unsupported cross-trial superiority claims. Methods: For this revised narrative review, a targeted PubMed/MEDLINE search covering the period from database inception was initially conducted before manuscript submission and was subsequently updated through 21 August 2026, supplemented by reference-list and citation tracking. Search terms combined Alzheimer disease with lecanemab, donanemab, anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody, ARIA, APOE, amyloid PET, open-label extension, real-world, clinical meaningfulness, implementation, and access. Sixty-two sources were purposively selected for a comprehensive narrative synthesis; no meta-analysis or formal certainty grading was performed. Results: Pivotal trials demonstrated statistically significant but modest average slowing of decline: Clarity AD showed a 0.45-point between-group difference in CDR-SB worsening at 18 months, and TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 2 showed a 3.25-point iADRS difference in the low/medium-tau population at 76 weeks. ARIA-E occurred in 12.6% of lecanemab-treated and 24.0% of donanemab-treated participants in the pivotal trials, with higher risk in APOE ε4 carriers. Extensions and biomarker analyses suggest persistent biological effects but are less secure for causal inference, and real-world evidence is currently more mature for lecanemab. Conclusions: Both antibodies substantially reduce amyloid and modestly slow average clinical decline in selected patients, but neither restores lost function, greater amyloid clearance does not establish greater individual benefit, and cross-trial superiority cannot be inferred. Treatment requires biomarker-guided selection, APOE-informed risk counseling, serial MRI, infusion and ARIA-management capacity, and shared decision-making that incorporates cost, access, and patient/caregiver burden. Full article

Background/Objectives: Endometriosis is frequently associated with infertility and may affect several aspects of reproductive competence. However, whether women with endometriosis exhibit different preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) outcomes compared with women without endometriosis remains uncertain. This study aimed to compare the distribution of PGT-A chromosomal outcomes—including euploid, mosaic, aneuploid, and complex aneuploid results—between women with and without endometriosis undergoing IVF. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 160 women who underwent IVF treatment between January 2023 and January 2026, including 55 women with endometriosis and 105 controls without evidence of endometriosis. A total of 129 blastocysts underwent trophectoderm biopsy and PGT-A, of which 120 yielded conclusive chromosomal results. PGT-A outcomes were classified as euploid, mosaic, aneuploid, or complex aneuploid. The overall distribution of the four PGT-A outcome categories was compared between groups using an unadjusted chi-square test. Results: Among blastocysts with conclusive PGT-A results, the proportions of euploid, mosaic, aneuploid, and complex aneuploid embryos were 31.6%, 18.4%, 26.3%, and 23.7%, respectively, in the endometriosis group and 42.7%, 14.6%, 25.6%, and 17.1%, respectively, in the control group. The overall distribution of PGT-A chromosomal outcome categories did not differ significantly between groups (χ² = 1.65, df = 3, p = 0.648). Conclusions: In this retrospective cohort, no statistically significant difference was observed in the overall distribution of PGT-A chromosomal outcomes between women with endometriosis and controls. Although numerical differences were observed across individual outcome categories, the absence of statistical significance should not be interpreted as evidence of equivalence between the groups, particularly given the limited precision of the estimates. Larger patient-level studies accounting for within-patient clustering and relevant clinical and embryological confounders are needed to further clarify the relationship between endometriosis and PGT-A outcomes. Full article

Trypsin-like peptidase (TLP) activity has emerged as a promising chairside biomarker for periodontal disease, but its relationship with local inflammatory biomarkers has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to compare the associations of TLP activity and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration with local periodontal conditions. Sixty patients with untreated periodontitis were enrolled, and GCF and subgingival plaque samples were collected from the deepest periodontal pocket of each participant. TLP activity was measured using a chairside assay, GCF CRP concentration by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia by real-time PCR. GCF CRP concentration was not associated with clinical periodontal parameters or microbiological findings, whereas TLP activity was significantly associated with probing pocket depth and P. gingivalis counts. In multivariable analysis including age, probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, GCF CRP concentration, and P. gingivalis counts, age, probing pocket depth, and P. gingivalis counts were independently associated with TLP activity. These findings suggest that TLP activity better reflects local clinical and microbiological periodontal conditions than GCF CRP concentration and may provide complementary information to conventional periodontal assessment. Full article

Background/Objectives: Mucosal healing (MH) is a key therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated with sustained remission, reduced hospitalisation, and improved outcomes. Its assessment relies on endoscopic evaluation, which is invasive, costly, and not always feasible. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of infliximab (IFX) and evaluation of available biomarkers may provide non-invasive tools for predicting treatment response. This study investigated the association between IFX pharmacokinetics, routinely available blood biomarkers and MH to identify potential surrogates for predicting treatment outcomes. Methods: A monocentric, retrospective, real-world study was conducted, and pharmacokinetic analysis was performed in NONMEM version 7.5, applying a model with priors to estimate individual pharmacokinetic parameters. Endoscopic findings were collected, and patients were categorised according to achievement of MH. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the predictive value of tested variables, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess discriminative performance. Results: All evaluated variables demonstrated statistically significant associations with MH (p < 0.05). IFX clearance showed a strong inverse relationship with the probability of achieving MH. Leukocyte count exhibited particularly good discriminative ability, with an area under the ROC curve of 74.04% and an odds ratio of 0.78, highlighting its potential clinical utility. Multivariable logistic regression identified a model including IFX clearance and platelet count (PLT) as the most promising predictors of MH. Significant differences between patient subgroups indicated the association of higher PLT and modestly increased IFX clearance with a lower probability of MH. Conclusions: IFX clearance represents a promising surrogate marker for MH. TDM-derived parameters coupled with routinely available biomarkers may improve treatment response assessment. Combining pharmacokinetic and biomarker-based approaches could reduce reliance on repeated endoscopies while facilitating more effective IBD monitoring in clinical practice. Full article

Background/Objectives: Circumferential deep dermal burns generate progressive sub-eschar pressure with risk of burn-induced compartment syndrome (BICS). Bromelain-based enzymatic debridement is a proposed non-surgical decompressive strategy, but the temporal kinetics of intracompartmental pressure (ICP) normalization and their relationship to burn depth are poorly characterized. We explored these kinetics and introduce, as an exploratory descriptive concept, the Enzymatic Decompression Half-Time (EDT₅₀), mapping the ICP normalization curve stratified by Laser Doppler Imaging (LDI) burn depth. Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, 31 adults with circumferential deep dermal burns (IIb, TBSA ≤ 20%) treated with NexoBrid^® were analyzed. ICP was measured at five time points (T0–T24 h) and LDI at T0 and T24 h. Subgroup analyses were treated as descriptive because several subgroups were small. Results: ICP declined progressively with no rebound (repeated-measures ANOVA, p < 0.001). EDT₅₀ appeared depth-dependent (high-flux 2.1 h; low-flux 5.9 h). No patient developed clinical BICS (0/31; 95% CI 0–11%). Pre-treatment LDI flux correlated negatively with ICP (r = −0.71) and EDT₅₀ (r = −0.64). Conclusions: In this small cohort, enzymatic debridement was associated with progressive ICP normalization without clinical compartment syndrome. These hypothesis-generating findings require prospective validation; established BICS remains an absolute indication for surgical escharotomy. Full article

Background/Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of IBD and be associated with disease activity. The aim of the study was to assess vitamin D levels, their association with disease activity in patients with IBD. Methods: A total of 231 subjects took part in the cross-sectional comparative study, including 129 patients with IBD and 102 healthy individuals Disease Activity Index and the Montreal classification were used to assess disease activity in patients with CD. For patients with UC, the Partial Mayo Score and the Montreal classification were applied. To determine total 25(OH)D chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) technology was used. Results: The concentration of 25(OH)D was significantly lower in the group of patients with IBD compared to the control group (25.5 ng/mL vs. 28.8 ng/mL, p = 0.0027). Differences in 25(OH)D concentrations depended on IBD activity, with significantly higher vitamin D concentrations found in patients in remission compared to those with active IBD (28.9 ± 7.2 ng/mL vs. 22.3 ± 6.1 ng/mL, p = 0.0022). This association was confirmed for both UC and CD patients. A multivariate adaptive regression model using spline curves revealed a relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentrations in patients with IBD and total dietary vitamin D intake, including vitamin D supplementation, consumption of one serving of fish per week, and disease remission. Conclusions: Serum 25(OH)D levels in IBD patients may serve as an additional, useful, and non-invasive marker of disease activity. Full article

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationships among mismatch repair (MMR) protein status, clinicopathological characteristics, and Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in endometrial cancer, focusing specifically on heterogeneity within MMR-deficient (MMRd) tumors defined by distinct protein loss patterns. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 675 patients with surgically confirmed endometrial cancer at a tertiary medical group between January 2017 and June 2025. Patients were stratified according to specific MMR protein loss patterns. Clinicopathological parameters, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, and PD-L1 combined positive score were compared across groups. Results: The cohort comprised 502 MMR-proficient (MMRp) and 173 MMR-deficient (MMRd) patients. Based on their specific MMR protein loss patterns, the MMRd cases were further stratified into three subgroups: MutLαcomplex loss (MLH1 ± PMS2, n = 105), MutSαcomplex loss (MSH2 ± MSH6, n = 60), and combined MutSα/MutLαcomplex loss (n = 8). Compared with MMRp tumors, MMRd tumors exhibited significantly lower BMI, higher tumor grade, more frequent lymphovascular space invasion, and elevated PD-L1 expression. Moreover, the 2023 FIGO staging system demonstrated superior performance in capturing the locally aggressive features of MMRd tumors relative to the 2009 edition. Within the MMRd cohort, the overall difference in combined positive score reached nominal significance (p = 0.049) but did not survive FDR correction (q = 0.290). Nevertheless, at the 1% and 5% cutoffs, MutLα-deficient tumors consistently showed higher PD-L1 positivity than MutSα-deficient tumors, with both associations remaining significant after FDR adjustment (q = 0.046 for both). Further subgroup analysis within the MutLα loss pathway revealed that isolated MLH1 loss was associated with a lower rate of CPS ≥ 1% (85.7%) compared with isolated PMS2 loss (91.3%) and combined MLH1/PMS2 loss (89.3%), in contrast. No significant heterogeneity in PD-L1 expression was observed across the MutSα-deficient subgroups. Conclusions: MMRd endometrial cancer heterogeneity is primarily driven by MutSα and MutLα deficiency. MutSα loss associates with higher PD-L1 expression, suggesting a favorable immune profile warranting further study. Isolated MLH1 loss correlates with the lowest PD-L1 and aggressive features. These findings refine biological understanding and provide a hypothesis-generating rationale for biomarker-guided stratification in immunotherapy. Full article

Background: Endotoxemia and oxidative stress may contribute to adverse body-composition changes in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis, but their relationships with adiposity and muscularity remain incompletely defined. We investigated whether the concentrations of circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS), soluble NOX2-derived peptide (sNox2-dp), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) showed differential associations with bioimpedance-derived body-composition compartments and explored their relationships with normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR), a surrogate of protein intake. Methods: In this observational, cross-sectional study, adult patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis were enrolled at a single center. Serum LPS and sNox2-dp and H₂O₂ concentrations were measured before dialysis. Body composition was assessed by bioimpedance analysis; fat mass (FM) was used as an index of adiposity, whereas intracellular water indexed to height squared (ICW/h²) was used as a proxy of muscularity. Associations were examined using Spearman correlation and multivariable linear regression adjusted for age, sex, and nPCR. Results: A total of 58 participants were included with a median age of 73 years; 64% were male and mean body mass index was 24.6 ± 4.2 kg/m². LPS correlated with sNox2-dp (rho = 0.420, p = 0.001), whereas sNox2-dp correlated with H₂O₂ (rho = 0.352, p = 0.007); the LPS–H₂O₂ association was borderline (rho = 0.259, p = 0.050). sNox2-dp correlated positively with fat-free mass, total body water, ICW, and ICW/h², whereas LPS correlated with FM (rho = 0.305, p = 0.023). Participants with nPCR > 0.89 g/kg/day had higher LPS concentrations than those with lower nPCR (p = 0.015), and nPCR correlated with ICW/h² (rho = 0.36, p = 0.007). In multivariable analysis, LPS remained independently associated with FM (β = 0.210, p = 0.046). nPCR was positively associated with ICW/h² at the threshold of statistical significance (β = 1.393, p = 0.050), whereas sNox2-dp showed a nonsignificant positive trend (p = 0.060). Conclusions: In maintenance hemodialysis, endotoxemia and NOX2 activation showed differential associations with body composition: LPS with adiposity and sNox2-dp with muscularity. Higher nPCR was associated with both greater muscularity and higher LPS concentrations, suggesting a complex relationship between protein intake, the gut–oxidative-stress axis, and body composition. Full article

Background/Objectives: Cachexia is a multifactorial muscle wasting syndrome driven by inflammation, causing increased catabolism and decreased food intake. Using appetite stimulation as part of multidisciplinary rehabilitation for cachexia is an emerging strategy. Olanzapine was originally developed as an atypical antipsychotic and has since emerged in rehabilitative strategies in patients with brain injury and chemotherapy-induced nausea. In 2023, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) issued a rapid recommendation for the use of low-dose (2.5–5 mg) olanzapine to improve appetite and weight in adults with advanced cancer cachexia, based on novel evidence of increased appetite and weight gain. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the impact of olanzapine on a real-world cohort of 45 patients with appetite concerns undergoing cancer-related rehabilitation. Patients were retrospectively evaluated for changes in body composition metrics and physical therapy (PT) related outcomes. Results: While treatment groups were well matched at baseline, there were no statistical differences between group outcomes, including weight gain, contrary to findings in other populations. However, fatigue was a significant predictor of PT goal completion across the cohort (p = 0.017), highlighting the need for future studies to investigate this relationship more deeply. Conclusions: These results indicate that the effects of olanzapine may vary between different clinical populations and suggest that further investigation into adjuvant therapies remains critical for optimizing care for cancer patients with anorexia. Full article

Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin disease associated with systemic inflammation and multiple environmental triggers, including microbial colonization and infections. However, the relationship between upper respiratory tract microorganisms and the clinical characteristics of plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis remains incompletely understood. This retrospective study analyzed 624 patients with plaque psoriasis, including mild and moderate-to-severe disease, and psoriatic arthritis who presented with upper respiratory tract symptoms and clinical signs suggestive of pharyngeal involvement. Upper respiratory tract swabs were evaluated using culture-based methods. Clinical and inflammatory parameters, including disease severity assessed using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), systemic inflammation assessed using C-reactive protein (CRP), body mass index (BMI), age, sex, and smoking status, were analyzed. All patients were evaluated prior to initiation of systemic antipsoriatic treatment. Overweight and obesity were prevalent and were associated with higher CRP levels across clinical groups. Culture-positive results were identified in 247 patients, yielding 275 isolates, while 377 patients had culture-negative results with physiological flora only. The distribution of the most frequently isolated microorganisms was broadly similar across clinical subgroups, with limited variation according to psoriasis severity or psoriatic arthritis status. Multivariable analysis identified CRP and PASI as the most consistent factors associated with culture positivity in selected subgroups, with evidence of an interaction between psoriasis severity and systemic inflammatory burden. No consistent associations were observed between specific microorganisms and clinical measures of disease severity. Overall, systemic inflammatory and metabolic parameters showed more consistent associations with culture-positive pharyngeal findings than individual culture-detectable microorganisms. Given the retrospective design, symptom-based inclusion, and absence of a contemporaneous control group, these findings should be interpreted as descriptive and associative rather than causal. Prospective controlled studies using standardized sampling and culture-independent methods are needed to clarify the clinical significance and temporal relationship between upper respiratory tract microbial findings and psoriasis activity. Full article

Background/Objectives: Microtia is frequently associated with temporal bone malformations, but the extent to which external ear phenotype reflects underlying CT-defined anatomy remains uncertain. This study aimed to compare the relationships of Marx severity grading and Nagata morphological classification with temporal bone anatomy in patients with microtia. Methods: This retrospective study included 26 patients with 27 affected ears who had both preoperative external ear photographs and temporal bone computed tomography (CT) examinations. Each affected ear was classified according to the Marx and Nagata systems, and temporal bone anatomy was assessed using the modified Jahrsdoerfer CT scoring system. Associations were evaluated using Spearman rank correlation and permutation-based Jonckheere–Terpstra analysis, with an additional patient-level sensitivity analysis. Results: Considerable variation in Jahrsdoerfer scores was observed within external ear phenotypic categories, with substantial overlap between Marx Grades II and III and lower scores concentrated in Grade IV. The inverse association between Marx grade and Jahrsdoerfer score did not reach conventional statistical significance (ρ = −0.380, p = 0.051), whereas the Jonckheere–Terpstra test identified an overall decreasing trend (permutation p = 0.025). This trend no longer reached statistical significance in the patient-level sensitivity analysis. Nagata classification did not significantly discriminate CT-based radiological severity. Conclusions: Greater external auricular severity may be associated with less favorable temporal bone anatomy, but the relationship was not uniform across successive Marx grades. Marx and Nagata classifications provide complementary phenotypic information, but neither consistently reflected the extent of underlying temporal bone malformation. These preliminary findings emphasize phenotype–CT variability and support individualized CT-based anatomical assessment when imaging is clinically indicated. Full article

Background: Inflammation plays a key role in the onset of hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH); large-scale studies on inflammatory markers in hypertension-related LVH are lacking. This study aims to investigate the relationship between inflammatory markers and LVH in hypertensive patients and evaluate their clinical diagnostic value. Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 21,486 patients diagnosed with hypertension from a China Hospital. Six inflammatory indices are calculated based on complete blood counts, including the aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI), Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII), Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Neutrophil-to-Platelet Ratio (NPR) and the Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR). Multivariate logistic regression models, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the area under the curve (AUC), the net reclassification improvement (NRI), the improved discriminant index (IDI), decision curve analysis (DCA), sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were performed. Results: Levels of all inflammatory indices were significantly higher in hypertensive patients with LVH compared to those without LVH. Following multivariate adjustment, the odds of prevalent LVH increased by 76%, 48% and 39% for each one-standard-deviation increase in SII, NLR and AISI, respectively. After incorporating SII into the traditional risk factor model, the AUC of the combined diagnostic model increased significantly to 0.750, with an NRI of 0.437 and an IDI of 0.047. The AUC values for the combined models incorporating NLR, AISI, SIRI, PLR and NPR were 0.736, 0.728, 0.726, 0.720 and 0.719, respectively. Conclusions: In hypertensive patients, inflammatory indices, particularly SII, demonstrate a significant association with LVH and may provide incremental value for risk stratification beyond traditional risk factors. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of these indices in management LVH. Full article