Search Results (430)

Nonlinear biological systems exhibit complex interactions, uncertain parameters, and strong treatment-dependent dynamics, making mathematical modeling and control essential for designing reliable therapeutic intervention strategies. This study proposes a multi-input adaptive smooth sliding mode control (AMIS-SMC) framework for regulating combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy in a nonlinear tumor–immune dynamical system described by ordinary differential equations. The proposed controller integrates a hyperbolic tangent smoothing mechanism with adaptive parameter-estimation laws to compensate for uncertainty in tumor and healthy-cell growth dynamics. In this way, the method explicitly links biological-system modeling, feedback control, treatment-dose management, and parameter adaptation within a single mathematically analyzable framework. Fundamental closed-loop properties are established analytically, including positivity and boundedness of all biological state variables, asymptotic convergence of the sliding surfaces, and explicit upper bounds on the administered radiation and chemotherapeutic drug dosages. Lyapunov-based stability analysis is used to guarantee boundedness of the closed-loop signals and convergence of the sliding manifold. Numerical simulations based on a brain-tumor case study demonstrate that the proposed AMIS-SMC algorithm achieves rapid tumor suppression while administering substantially lower treatment intensities than conventional and integral SMC approaches. Under nominal conditions, the proposed controller reduces cumulative radiation and chemotherapy dosages while maintaining effective tumor mitigation. Under mismatched parameter conditions, AMIS-SMC consistently drives the tumor-cell population toward the desired equilibrium across all tested scenarios, whereas conventional and integral SMC show limited adaptability. Statistical analysis using Mann–Whitney U and Fisher’s tests further indicates that AMIS-SMC provides an effective mathematical-control and treatment-management strategy for tumor suppression in a simplified nonlinear tumor–immune biological system under parameter uncertainty. Full article

Calibrating the mutagenic dose is the first practical step of any radiation mutation-breeding programme, and it is usually summarised by the median lethal dose (LD50) or the median growth-reduction dose (GR50). We asked whether an accessible, image-based phenotyping pipeline can quantify the early radiation response of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) seedlings finely enough to estimate GR50 and to rank organ- and pigment-level sensitivities. Seeds of the traditional Paraguayan landrace kumandá pyta’i were exposed to Cobalt-60 gamma rays at 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 Gy, grown in a greenhouse, and photographed at the early seedling stage. A single calibrated photograph (5.1 px mm⁻¹) of 83 seedlings was segmented in Fiji/ImageJ 1.54p and analysed with Python to extract morphometric traits (total, root, and shoot length, root:shoot ratio, tortuosity, and a two-dimensional biomass proxy) and colorimetric traits (CIE L*a*b*, a normalised greenness index, and colour-class pixel fractions). Because the data departed from normality, dose effects were tested with Kruskal–Wallis, Spearman rank correlation, and Dunn post hoc tests, and GR50 was estimated by regression of each trait expressed as a percentage of the control. Total length, shoot length, and the biomass proxy declined significantly with dose (Spearman ρ = −0.40, −0.51, and −0.47; all p < 0.001), preceded by a low-dose stimulation at 100 Gy. Estimated GR50 values were ≈390 Gy for shoot length, ≈510 Gy for total length, and ≈550 Gy for the biomass proxy, within the range reported for other cowpea genotypes. Shoot elongation was more radiosensitive than root elongation, so the root:shoot ratio did not decline; tortuosity showed no dose response. Among pigment traits, the loss of greenness was the most robust signal (a* increased, ρ = +0.62, p = 5 × 10⁻¹⁰; green pixel fraction fell from 0.32 to near zero by 500 Gy). These results show that single-photograph phenotyping resolves a coherent, statistically supported dose response and yields a GR50 estimate usable for dose calibration. For kumandá pyta’i, doses of roughly 300–400 Gy (below GR50) are the most defensible starting window for mutation induction. The framework is reproducible and low-cost, but it is based on one greenhouse experiment and a single genotype, and should be validated across independent trials and cultivars. Full article

Theranostics has transformed nuclear medicine from an imaging-focused discipline into a data-rich radiation medicine platform in which target expression, pharmacokinetics, tumor dose, and response can be measured in the same patient. This critical narrative review evaluates patient-specific integration of radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) with external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT), with emphasis on quantitative imaging, absorbed-dose estimation, spatial registration, biological interpretation, adaptation thresholds, and reporting. We performed a targeted search of PubMed/MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov, U.S. Food and Drug Administration records, professional-society guidance, and reference lists for English-language evidence available through 31 July 2026, prioritizing guidelines, regulatory documents, randomized and prospective trials, technical validation studies, and clinically informative retrospective series. Established RPT platforms are distinguished from investigational combined-modality applications and emerging or speculative technologies. Liver-directed Y-90 radioembolization combined with focal EBRT remains the most developed model, whereas head and neck, prostate, meningioma, lymphoma, and bone-dominant strategies illustrate distinct clinical geometries and levels of readiness. Across platforms, direct addition of absorbed dose in gray (Gy) is a geometric description, not automatically a biological endpoint; biologically effective dose (BED) and equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions (EQD2) should be treated as model-based estimates with explicit assumptions. Future theranostic radiation medicine should therefore be built on prospective trials with prespecified dosimetry, uncertainty analysis, adaptation rules, and shared cross-modality reporting standards. Full article

Hin Dad hot spring is a prominent natural geothermal facility in Thailand, widely frequented by domestic and international tourists seeking hydrotherapy. According to UNSCEAR, radon (²²²Rn), thoron (²²⁰Rn), and their short-lived decay products represent the primary sources of natural ionizing radiation exposure to humans. Geothermal waters inherently carry elevated levels of these radionuclides, potentially exposing visitors and facility staff to radiological hazards. This study evaluated ²²²Rn concentrations in water samples alongside ambient air concentrations of ²²²Rn, ²²⁰Rn, and their respective progeny within the Hin Dad hot spring area. The average ²²²Rn levels in water across six sampling sites ranged from 3 ± 1 to 24 ± 1 Bq L⁻¹, remaining well below the World Health Organization (WHO) screening level for ²²²Rn in water (100 Bq L⁻¹). Ambient air monitoring was conducted using both active and passive techniques. Active measurements via an AlphaGuard detector at three designated points yielded average ²²²Rn and ²²⁰Rn concentrations ranging from 12 to 41 Bq m⁻³ and 23 to 38 Bq m⁻³, respectively. As expected from the partitioning behavior of radon between water and air, atmospheric concentrations were markedly lower than the corresponding aqueous ²²²Rn concentrations. Furthermore, long-term passive monitoring over 103 days using RADUET detectors revealed maximum time-integrated average concentrations of 66 ± 1 Bq m⁻³ for ²²²Rn and 47 ± 4 Bq m⁻³ for ²²⁰Rn. All atmospheric concentrations complied with the reference levels established by both the WHO and the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) (100–300 Bq m⁻³); as this range is defined for indoor environments, it is applied here only as a conservative benchmark for the open and semi-outdoor monitoring stations. Regarding progeny exposure, the maximum Equilibrium Equivalent ²²²Rn Concentration (EERC) and Equilibrium Equivalent ²²⁰Rn Concentration (EETC) were determined to be 21.0 ± 2.5 Bq m⁻³ and 2.7 ± 0.3 Bq m⁻³, respectively. The measured concentrations and estimated doses indicate a low radiological concern under the conditions investigated, though the assessment is based on two seasonal sampling rounds and does not include personal dosimetry or wet-season monitoring. Full article

Background/Objectives: Transfemoral cerebral angiography (TFCA) involves significant radiation exposure because of prolonged fluoroscopy and repeated imaging sequences. Because complex dose simulations are often infeasible in routine clinical practice, this study employed PC-based Monte Carlo methods to estimate organ-absorbed and effective doses. The primary objective was to establish Kerma area product (KAP)-based conversion factors to facilitate efficient clinical dose assessment. Methods: We analyzed 30 patients who underwent TFCA. Key parameters, including total KAP, tube voltage, and projection angles, were obtained from DICOM Radiation Dose Structured Reports. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted for anteroposterior, lateral, and cranial planes. The conversion factors were then derived by calculating the ratio of the effective dose to the total KAP. Results: The average KAP was 36.23 ± 6.81 Gy·cm². Effective doses calculated via Monte Carlo simulation were 1.70 ± 0.35 mSv under International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) 60 and 1.90 ± 0.40 mSv under ICRP 103 standards. The corresponding conversion factors were 0.0468 ± 0.0054 and 0.0525 ± 0.0065 mSv/Gy·cm² respectively. Notably, the ICRP 103-based factor was 12.2 percent higher than the ICRP 60-based factor, reflecting updated tissue weighting factors in modern dosimetry. Conclusions: This study provides standardized conversion factors that allow rapid and reliable dose estimation without requiring complex simulations. The findings demonstrated substantial radiation absorption in the head and neck regions, providing critical data for routine dose monitoring. These results emphasize the importance of rigorous radiation protection and safety protocols during interventional procedures. Full article

Background/Objectives: Osteoradionecrosis of the jaws remains a severe late complication of head and neck radiotherapy. Current preventive strategies are still frequently based on population-level dose thresholds and broadly standardized dental-clearance protocols, despite substantial heterogeneity in individual risk. This comprehensive review aimed to integrate established preventive guidance with emerging tooth-level, spatial-dosimetric, prognostic, and causal approaches within an integrative conceptual framework for personalized osteoradionecrosis prevention. Methods: Structured searches of five databases were completed on 30 May 2026. Evidence sources were selected and mapped across six a priori thematic domains, with the selection process summarized in a simplified flow diagram and an evidence map. Priority was given to guidelines, systematic reviews, large cohorts, externally validated prediction models, and clinically actionable studies. Results: Osteoradionecrosis risk is determined by interactions among tumor site, surgical anatomy, mandibular dose distribution, dental and periodontal disease, smoking, diabetes, nutritional status, biological susceptibility, and expected survival. Tooth extraction is not uniformly protective, and its potential benefit depends on tooth prognosis, local radiation dose, oncological urgency, and patient-level vulnerability. Dose–volume parameters and site-specific mapping provide more clinically relevant information than prescribed dose alone. Contemporary normal tissue complication probability and machine-learning models increasingly support individualized risk estimation, although calibration, external validation, data quality, and workflow integration remain limiting. Competing-risk and causal-inference approaches may further distinguish baseline risk from the expected benefit of specific preventive interventions. Conclusions: The evidence reviewed can be organized within an integrative conceptual framework combining tooth-level prognosis, spatial dosimetry, systemic susceptibility, competing mortality, and intervention burden. This framework synthesizes and reorganizes existing evidence; it is not a validated clinical model and requires prospective validation and clinical-impact evaluation before routine implementation. Until then, available prediction models should support, rather than replace, multidisciplinary clinical judgement. Full article

Background: Radon in drinking water is a potential source of ionizing radiation exposure, yet long-term monitoring data from active tectonic regions remain limited. This study investigated ²²²Rn activity concentrations in drinking-water wells along the Sultandağı Fault (Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye) and assessed age-dependent radiological risks. Methods: ²²²Rn concentrations were measured at two-week intervals in 15 drinking-water wells between June 2021 and June 2022 using a WG-1001 water–gas separation system and an AB-5R radiation monitor. Annual effective dose (AED) and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) were calculated for infants, children, and adults. Results: ²²²Rn concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 26.64 Bq L⁻¹, with a mean of 6.12 ± 2.79 Bq L⁻¹. Only one well exceeded the USEPA guideline level (11.1 Bq L⁻¹), whereas all measurements remained below the WHO reference level (100 Bq L⁻¹). Seasonal mean concentrations varied between 5.48 ± 2.53 and 7.08 ± 3.32 Bq L⁻¹. Mean AED values were 35.94, 13.17, and 15.63 μSv y⁻¹ for infants, children, and adults, respectively. Corresponding ELCR values were 1.26 × 10⁻⁴, 0.46 × 10⁻⁴, and 0.55 × 10⁻⁴. Conclusions: The results indicate generally low radiological risk from radon in drinking water within the study area, although elevated values were observed in some wells. Higher age-specific dose and risk estimates were obtained for infants. These findings provide long-term data on groundwater ²²²Rn variability in an active fault zone and support regional radiological risk assessment. Full article

Hemorrhage is a clinically important emergency in gastric cancer, occurring in an estimated 3–36% of patients (with the incidence varying substantially by disease stage, tumor morphology, and the operational definition of hemorrhage applied), and potentially becoming life-threatening within 24 h. This review synthesizes evidence from the past two decades to propose a multidisciplinary, stepwise framework for managing gastric cancer-associated bleeding. Endoscopic hemostasis remains the first-line intervention and achieves initial bleeding control in 83–92.9% of cases, although 30-day rebleeding occurs in up to 28–41%. Transcatheter arterial embolization is an important option for persistent bleeding or hemodynamic instability, with a reported clinical success of approximately 72%. Palliative radiotherapy provides effective hemostasis in 68–88.5% of cases, and a biologically effective dose (BED10) exceeding 39 Gy may improve bleeding control. Surgery should be individualized according to disease stage, resectability, physiological reserve, and treatment intent, ranging from emergency vessel ligation to curative resection. Importantly, hemostasis should be regarded not as a final endpoint but as a therapeutic bridge enabling definitive anticancer therapy. Successful bleeding control followed by systemic chemotherapy is associated with improved overall survival. Management therefore requires coordinated decision-making among gastroenterology, interventional radiology, surgery, radiation oncology, and medical oncology teams. Full article

Drainage solution reuse in soilless strawberry production can reduce nutrient-rich discharge, but adoption requires microbial control, hydraulic reliability, and manageable energy demand. This field study evaluated a photovoltaic (PV) assisted ultraviolet-C (UV-C) treatment loop for substrate derived drainage solution in a 132 m² three-tier natural light greenhouse producing ‘Solhyang’ strawberry in Sokcho-si, Republic of Korea. The system used an 11.25 kWp vertical windbreak-type PV facility and a 650 W treatment loop comprising a 250 W low-pressure mercury UV-C reactor, a 350 W pump, and a 50 W controller. The loop operated for 2.5 h day⁻¹, processed 3.25 m³ day⁻¹ as cumulative reactor throughput, and consumed 1.625 kWh day⁻¹, equal to 4.22% of the measured daily PV alternating current (AC) output (38.5 kWh day⁻¹). The drainage solution had low ultraviolet transmittance at 254 nm (UVT₂₅₄; 25–50%) and moderate turbidity (5–30 NTU), conditions that can attenuate UV radiation and shield microorganisms. Across six post fruit set sampling events, the mean log₁₀ reductions were 1.15 ± 0.09 for culturable molds/fungal propagules and 1.64 ± 0.09 for culturable aerobic bacteria; paired tests on log₁₀ transformed counts were significant (p < 0.001). Total coliform bacteria were not detected after treatment, corresponding to a detection limit-based lower-bound reduction of ≥2.69 ± 0.17 log₁₀. Apparent fluence values were treated as engineering estimates rather than validated delivered dose. The results support UV-C sanitation as a preliminary enabling step for drainage solution reuse, while biodosimetry, untreated circulation controls, multi-stage seasonal sampling, full-season recirculation, and crop response validation remain necessary. Full article

Cancer risk estimation remains one of the main unresolved challenges in human spaceflight beyond low Earth orbit, where astronauts are exposed to galactic cosmic rays, solar particle events, and high-linear energy transfer (high-LET) secondary radiation. This narrative review summarizes the principal quantitative models used to estimate radiation-induced cancer risk in astronauts, including particle fluence-based cross-sections, mixture models, risk of exposure-induced death (REID)-based operational frameworks, uncertainty distribution approaches, and ensemble models. Early studies estimated 1-year excess cancer mortality at solar minimum as 1.3% in women and 1.1% in men under 10 g/cm² aluminum shielding, whereas later models projected non-leukemia lifetime cancer incidence after 1 Sv dose equivalent/effective dose between 2.20% and 2.98%, depending on sex and age. Earlier REID-based models suggested that the historical 3% REID threshold could be exceeded after approximately 18 months in women and 24 months in men under unfavorable solar conditions, whereas the current NASA radiation standard uses a universal career-effective dose limit of 600 mSv, applied regardless of sex or age. More recent revisions of the NASA Space Cancer Risk model and non-targeted effect scenarios suggest that exploration mission risks may be higher than previously estimated, while uncertainty remains substantial, especially for high-LET radiobiology, mixed-field exposure, and the transfer of terrestrial epidemiological data to the spaceflight setting. Future progress may also involve exploring quantitative imaging biomarkers and tomographic assessments as complementary tools for longitudinal monitoring and early detection of radiation-related tissue changes, although these approaches are not yet validated as components of operational astronaut cancer risk models. Full article

Radiation monitoring at contaminated industrial sites is often restricted by safety, access, and operational constraints. Under such conditions, a modelling approach that can use a limited number of field measurements is useful for preliminary screening, route planning, and prioritization of verification surveys. This study presents a sparse spatiotemporal polynomial interpolation model for estimating the gamma radiation equivalent dose rate (EDR) along the perimeter of the Base-S radiation-hazardous industrial site. The model represents EDR as a function of spatial coordinates and time, and uses a reduced measurement structure consisting of four seasonal temporal nodes and five representative spatial nodes. The reduced structure is intended to support conservative preliminary assessment under the ALARA principle, not to replace field measurements. A 2021 case study is presented for 61 numbered perimeter points. The article presents one of the universal mathematical models developed by the authors to determine the impact of gamma radiation on the personnel of tailings facilities and industrial sites through the calculation of the equivalent dose rate during personnel residence stays, depending on time. The proposed polynomial interpolation model for rapid radiation dose assessment at radiation-hazardous industrial sites estimates equivalent dose-rate values for a specific planning case. The model represents the EDR field as a spatiotemporal polynomial f(x, y, t), where x and y are planar coordinates, and t is the day of the year. A conservative reduced scheme uses four seasonal maximum values and five representative spatial points to decrease the number of required field measurements and personnel residence time. For the 2021 case study, the model-estimated EDR at 61 numbered perimeter points ranged from 0.118 to 0.415 µSv/hour, with a mean of 0.242 µSv/hour. This model provides initial data for building a 2D model and, if necessary, a 3D model of radiation contamination within the research-object territory. The resulting 2D and 3D maps are interpreted as model-estimated visualization products. The proposed method, the model form of which is described as a cubic polynomial in t and a quadratic in x,y, allows for effective interpolation of complex multidimensional dependencies of observed data. Full article

Background: Nuclear medicine healthcare professionals (NMHP) sustain chronic occupational exposure to iodine-131 (I-131), conferring an elevated risk of radiation-induced solid thyroid cancer. Established radiobiological prediction tools derive risk coefficients from atomic bomb survivor data but are not configured for rapid individualized risk assessment in occupational exposure settings. This study examined whether machine learning algorithms can serve as high-precision computational surrogates for excess relative risk estimation in NMHP. Aim: The study aimed to (i) develop and validate three machine learning algorithms for predicting the excess relative risk per unit absorbed dose for radiation-induced solid thyroid cancer (ERR/Gy.RST), (ii) characterize relationships between dosimetric and demographic features and predicted risk, and (iii) identify the optimal algorithm for deployment in occupational health surveillance. Methods: A dataset of 4657 observations was constructed from Life Span Study-derived ERR/Gy parameters, adapted to occupational low-dose conditions, using a dose-and-dose-rate effectiveness factor of 2.0, per ICRP Publication 103. Five features (gender, age at exposure, current age, distance from the I-131 source, and cumulative absorbed dose in the thyroid) were used to train a decision tree regressor (dtcr), a random forest regressor (rfr), and a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network algorithm. Results: Cumulative absorbed dose in the thyroid correlated positively with ERR/Gy.RST (r = 0.63, p < 0.01), while radiation source distance demonstrated a strong inverse association (r = −0.38, p < 0.01). The MLP algorithm achieved R² score = 0.999, MSE = 0.002, and MAE = 0.010, substantially outperforming the rfr (R² score = 0.700, MSE = 0.410, MAE = 0.295) and the dtcr (R² score = 0.510, MSE = 0.654, MAE = 0.289). Conclusions: The MLP algorithm provides a high-fidelity surrogate for established ERR/Gy.RST projection tools in the NMHP context, enabling computationally efficient, feature-integrated occupational radiation-induced thyroid cancer risk quantification. These findings suggest that machine learning-based surrogate modeling is a practical, scalable complement for occupational health practitioners and radiation protection officers to support individualized surveillance of radiation-induced thyroid cancer risk in nuclear medicine departments. Full article

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is widely used in dentomaxillofacial imaging, but its expanding use requires cautious appraisal of stochastic risk and dose optimization. This updated structured narrative review summarizes evidence on organ dose, effective dose, modeled cancer-risk estimation, cumulative exposure, diagnostic reference levels, and patient shielding in dental CBCT. PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus searches were updated to 15 May 2026. Overall, 24 primary studies were synthesized: 9 addressing dose, diagnostic reference levels, cumulative exposure, or cancer-risk modeling, and 15 evaluating shielding or radiation-protection strategies. Dose and modeled risk varied markedly according to scanner type, field of view, exposure parameters, anatomical region, age, sex, and repeat imaging. The salivary glands, oral mucosa, thyroid, and eye lens were the most relevant exposed organs; children, female patients, and patients undergoing repeated imaging represented the most vulnerable groups. Shielding studies reported substantial dose reductions in selected protocols, but the benefit depended on shield design, positioning, field of view, and image-quality impact. Dental CBCT should be prescribed only when three-dimensional information is expected to change management and should be optimized through the smallest adequate field of view, low-dose protocols, cumulative-dose awareness, and selective shielding when diagnostically appropriate. Full article

Background/Objectives: Post-radiation fibrosis is a common complication in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), characterised by increased tissue stiffness and functional limitations. Shear wave elastography (SWE) enables objective assessment of tissue stiffness, while self-reported outcome measures provide insight into symptom burden. However, the longitudinal evolution of these outcomes and their relationship remains insufficiently described. This study aimed to characterise post-radiation fibrosis over time using objective SWE measurements of sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle stiffness and self-reported fibrosis-related symptoms, and to examine their longitudinal association. Methods: This prospective longitudinal study included 56 patients with HNC undergoing primary or postoperative (chemo)radiotherapy. Muscle stiffness was measured using SWE, and fibrosis-related symptoms were assessed with the Lymphoedema Symptom Intensity and Distress Survey-Head and Neck (LSIDS-H&N) at 1 week, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after the start of radiotherapy. Longitudinal analyses were performed using mixed-effects models adjusted for surgery and radiation dose, and within-subject associations were evaluated using repeated measures correlation. Results: Muscle stiffness increased over time, with estimated mean stiffness values rising from 4.12 m/s at baseline to 4.76 m/s at 6 months and 4.92 m/s at 12 months. Significant increases were observed at 6 months (p = 0.007) and 12 months (p = 0.012) compared with baseline. In contrast, self-reported fibrosis-related symptoms remained stable, with no significant differences between time points. No significant within-subject association was found between muscle stiffness and self-reported fibrosis-related symptoms (r = −0.13, p = 0.498). Conclusions: Muscle stiffness measured with SWE increased over time following radiotherapy, whereas self-reported fibrosis-related symptoms remained stable. No significant longitudinal association was found between these outcomes, suggesting they may capture different aspects of fibrosis. Full article

The two-year research involving laboratory and field studies supported by Geant4 computer simulation is aimed at determining the optimal parameters of 1 MeV accelerated electrons and 80 keV X-ray pre-planting irradiation of wheat seeds in order to find the optimal dose range which increases the crop yield while making wheat plants more resistant to fungal diseases caused by species of the genus Septoria. During the laboratory studies we measured the germination rate and biometric properties of plants, as well as the type, number, and average diameter of fungi found in the irradiated and non-irradiated seeds after irradiation with electrons and X-rays with the dose range 2–1000 Gy. Following the laboratory studies showing that the doses exceeding 30 $\mathrm{Gy}$ decreased the germination rate of wheat, field studies evaluated the impact of pre-planting irradiation with the doses in the range of 5–30 Gy on the wheat productivity and the rate of fungal diseases in wheat plants grown from irradiated and non-irradiated seeds. It has been found that the dose range 5–15 Gy is more preferable for pre-planting wheat irradiation, both for e-beam and X-rays, since it increases the crop yield while making wheat plants more resistant to fungal diseases caused by species of the genus Septoria. The X-ray dose of 15 $\mathrm{Gy}$ is found to be the most effective since it increased the yield up to 40% and also suppressed the Septoria glume blotch up to 40%. Since seed irradiation requires a particularly delicate approach given that the goal of irradiation is not only to reduce the rate of fungal diseases in the plants but also to increase the crop yield without detriment to the soil and the plant itself, consistency of dose uniformity across the seeds during pre-planting irradiation ensures the high reliability and repeatability of the irradiation effect. Our approach to irradiation planning with the use of Geant4 computer simulation allows us to precisely estimate the dose distribution in individual seeds and the distribution of radiation-chemical yield of radicals occurring as result of radiolysis in order to predict the effect of pre-planting irradiation and select the optimal irradiation parameters for maximizing the yield and crop quality. Full article