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714 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,365 Views
12 Pages

Muscular and Prefrontal Cortex Activity during Dual-Task Performing in Young Adults

  • Marina Saraiva,
  • Maria António Castro and
  • João Paulo Vilas-Boas

Postural control depends on attentional resources besides automatic processes. The dual-task paradigm is a possible approach to analyzing the interference and performance between motor and/or cognitive tasks. Various studies showed that, when individ...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,349 Views
9 Pages

23 September 2021

We aimed to detect brain abnormalities during cognitive and motor tasks in older individuals with pre-frailty, as this could prevent dementia. Sixty elderly participants (mean age: 76.3 years; 27 healthy and 33 with pre-frailty) were included, and th...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
84 Citations
8,562 Views
9 Pages

The Prefrontal Cortex Activity and Psychological Effects of Viewing Forest Landscapes in Autumn Season

  • Dawou Joung,
  • Geonwoo Kim,
  • Yoonho Choi,
  • HyoJin Lim,
  • Soonjoo Park,
  • Jong-Min Woo and
  • Bum-Jin Park

Recently reported research indicate that forest environments have physiological and psychological relaxing effects compared to urban environments. However, some researchers claim that the stress of the subjects from being watched by others during mea...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,567 Views
13 Pages

4 April 2025

Background and Objectives: In this study, the role of oxyhemoglobin (HbO) in subregions of the prefrontal cortex during a static balance task under eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions was investigated in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) using f...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,565 Views
12 Pages

18 August 2023

We investigated the relationship between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and executive function during a drawing task. Thirty-three participants using pen tablets provided the data for this task. PFC activity was recorded using functional near-infrared s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,597 Views
16 Pages

21 December 2020

In the global attempt to combat rising obesity rates, the introduction of health warning messages on food products is discussed as one possible approach. However, the perception of graphical health warning messages in the food context and the possibl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,983 Views
18 Pages

30 October 2021

TREK-2-like channels in the pyramidal neurons of rat prefrontal cortex are characterized by a wide range of spontaneous activity—from very low to very high—independent of the membrane potential and the stimuli that are known to activate TREK-2 channe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,388 Views
12 Pages

20 April 2024

Background: The primary purpose of this study was to preliminarily examine the effects of autonomic nervous system activity on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Recent studies have examined approaches to modulating autonomic activity using invasive...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,631 Views
13 Pages

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physiological effects of visual stimulation by a unique Japanese low wooden table on the prefrontal cortex and autonomic nervous activities. A within-participants experiment with 26 male university studen...

  • Article
  • Open Access
61 Citations
12,915 Views
14 Pages

Physiological Effects of Touching Wood

  • Harumi Ikei,
  • Chorong Song and
  • Yoshifumi Miyazaki

This study aimed to clarify the physiological effects of touching wood with the palm, in comparison with touching other materials on brain activity and autonomic nervous activity. Eighteen female university students (mean age, 21.7  ±  1.6 years) par...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
7,898 Views
14 Pages

We clarified the physiological effects of tactile stimulation of the soles of the feet with the wood of the Hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) based on measurements of prefrontal cortex and autonomic nervous activities. Nineteen female university-...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
57 Citations
9,236 Views
12 Pages

The objective of this study was to compare physiological and psychological relaxation by assessing heart rate variability (HRV), prefrontal cortex activity, and subjective indexes while subjects performed a task with and without foliage plants. In a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
97 Citations
11,753 Views
11 Pages

Physiological Effects of Visual Stimulation with Forest Imagery

  • Chorong Song,
  • Harumi Ikei and
  • Yoshifumi Miyazaki

This study was aimed to clarify the physiological effects of visual stimulation using forest imagery on activity of the brain and autonomic nervous system. Seventeen female university students (mean age, 21.1 ± 1.0 years) participated in the study. A...

  • Article
  • Open Access
71 Citations
9,910 Views
13 Pages

Physiological and Psychological Effects of Forest and Urban Sounds Using High-Resolution Sound Sources

  • Hyunju Jo,
  • Chorong Song,
  • Harumi Ikei,
  • Seiya Enomoto,
  • Hiromitsu Kobayashi and
  • Yoshifumi Miyazaki

Exposure to natural sounds is known to induce feelings of relaxation; however, only few studies have provided scientific evidence on its physiological effects. This study examined prefrontal cortex and autonomic nervous activities in response to fore...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
8,437 Views
16 Pages

Brain Functional Connectivity Is Modified by a Hypocaloric Mediterranean Diet and Physical Activity in Obese Women

  • Natalia García-Casares,
  • María R. Bernal-López,
  • Nuria Roé-Vellvé,
  • Mario Gutiérrez-Bedmar,
  • Jose C. Fernández-García,
  • Juan A. García-Arnés,
  • José R. Ramos-Rodriguez,
  • Francisco Alfaro,
  • Sonia Santamaria-Fernández and
  • Ricardo Gómez-Huelgas
  • + 6 authors

1 July 2017

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the resting state has shown altered brain connectivity networks in obese individuals. However, the impact of a Mediterranean diet on cerebral connectivity in obese patients when losing weight has not be...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,033 Views
16 Pages

Effect of Indoor Forest Bathing on Reducing Feelings of Fatigue Using Cerebral Activity as an Indicator

  • Chie Imamura,
  • Kiyomi Sakakibara,
  • Kyosuke Arai,
  • Hideki Ohira,
  • Yuhei Yamaguchi and
  • Hitoshi Yamada

We created an indoor forest bathing environment in a sunlight-type environmentally controlled chamber and both physiological and psychological measurements were conducted for the evaluation of mental fatigue reduction. At first, a working memory load...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
8,340 Views
14 Pages

Physiological Effects of Touching Coated Wood

  • Harumi Ikei,
  • Chorong Song and
  • Yoshifumi Miyazaki

This study examined the physiological effects of touching wood with various coating with the palm of the hand on brain activity and autonomic nervous activity. Participants were 18 female university students (mean age, 21.7 ± 1.6 years). As an indica...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,861 Views
11 Pages

What Difference Does it Make? Risk-Taking Behavior in Obesity after a Loss is Associated with Decreased Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Activity

  • Trevor Steward,
  • Asier Juaneda-Seguí,
  • Gemma Mestre-Bach,
  • Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín,
  • Nuria Vilarrasa,
  • Susana Jiménez-Murcia,
  • Jose A Fernández-Formoso,
  • Misericordia Veciana de las Heras,
  • Nuria Custal and
  • Fernando Fernandez-Aranda
  • + 5 authors

27 September 2019

Altered activity in decision-making neural circuitry may underlie the maladaptive food choices found in obesity. Here, we aimed to identify the brain regions purportedly underpinning risk-taking behavior in individuals with obesity. Twenty-three adul...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,591 Views
13 Pages

Plasticity-Related Activity in the Hippocampus, Anterior Cingulate, Orbitofrontal, and Prefrontal Cortex Following a Repeated Treatment with D2/D3 Agonist Quinpirole

  • Hana Brozka,
  • Daniela Alexova,
  • Dominika Radostova,
  • Martina Janikova,
  • Branislav Krajcovic,
  • Štěpán Kubík,
  • Jan Svoboda and
  • Ales Stuchlik

11 January 2021

Quinpirole (QNP) sensitization is a well-established model of stereotypical checking relevant to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Previously, we found that QNP-treated rats display deficits in hippocampus-dependent tasks. The present study explores the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,493 Views
18 Pages

Contact with the natural environment has positive effects on physical and mental health and well-being. This study aimed to investigate the effects of tactile stimulation on the psychophysiological responses of adults, using natural gardening element...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,669 Views
15 Pages

Gene Expression and Activity of Selected Antioxidant and DNA Repair Enzymes in the Prefrontal Cortex of Sheep as Affected by Kynurenic Acid

  • Elżbieta Marciniak,
  • Bartosz Osuch,
  • Patrycja Młotkowska,
  • Paweł Kowalczyk,
  • Katarzyna Roszkowicz-Ostrowska and
  • Tomasz Misztal

The prefrontal cortex (PCx) is involved in many higher-order cognitive processes, including decision making, reasoning, personality expression, and social cognition. These functions are associated with high energy demand and the production of harmful...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,084 Views
10 Pages

3 April 2020

This study was aimed at clarifying the effect of different levels of state anxiety caused by mental arithmetic tasks on the anxiety- and/or task performance-related activation of the frontopolar prefrontal cortex (PFC). Twenty-six healthy male subjec...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,914 Views
16 Pages

12 December 2022

The etiology of hyperglycemic-induced depressive behaviors is unclear. We hypothesized that long-term hyperglycemia may induce long-lasting disturbances in glutamatergic signaling and neural damages, causing depressive behaviors. To prove our hypothe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,799 Views
15 Pages

Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Brain Electrical Activity, Heart Rate Variability, and Dual-Task Performance in Healthy and Fibromyalgia Women: A Study Protocol

  • Mari Carmen Gomez-Alvaro,
  • Santos Villafaina,
  • Juan Luis Leon-Llamas,
  • Alvaro Murillo-Garcia,
  • María Melo-Alonso,
  • Jesús Sánchez-Gómez,
  • Pablo Molero,
  • Ricardo Cano-Plasencia and
  • Narcis Gusi

4 February 2022

People with fibromyalgia could experience physical and cognitive impairments. Furthermore, when performing two tasks at the same time, people with fibromyalgia showed a higher dual-task cost compared to a single task than healthy people. This may res...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,511 Views
16 Pages

Hemodynamic Activity and Connectivity of the Prefrontal Cortex by Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy during Color-Word Interference Test in Korean and English Language

  • Gihyoun Lee,
  • Ji-Su Park,
  • Mezie Laurence B. Ortiz,
  • Jun-Yong Hong,
  • Seung-Ho Paik,
  • Seung Hyun Lee,
  • Beop Min Kim and
  • Young-Jin Jung

In daily living, people are challenged to focus on their goal while eliminating interferences. Specifically, this study investigated the pre-frontal cortex (PFC) activity while attention control was tested using the self-made color-word interference...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,531 Views
15 Pages

18 October 2023

Network oscillations are essential for all cognitive functions. Oscillatory deficits are well established in psychiatric diseases and are recapitulated in animal models. They are significantly and specifically affected by pharmacological intervention...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,730 Views
16 Pages

Epigenetic and Neuronal Activity Markers Suggest the Recruitment of the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus in the Three-Hit Model of Depression in Male PACAP Heterozygous Mice

  • Tamás Gaszner,
  • József Farkas,
  • Dániel Kun,
  • Balázs Ujvári,
  • Nóra Füredi,
  • László Ákos Kovács,
  • Hitoshi Hashimoto,
  • Dóra Reglődi,
  • Viktória Kormos and
  • Balázs Gaszner

3 October 2022

Depression and its increasing prevalence challenge patients, the healthcare system, and the economy. We recently created a mouse model based on the three-hit concept of depression. As genetic predisposition (first hit), we applied pituitary adenylate...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,086 Views
9 Pages

Walking requires attentional resources, and the studies using neuroimage techniques have grown to understand the interaction between cortical activity and motor performance. Previous studies reported a decline in gait performance and changes in the p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,218 Views
13 Pages

28 August 2022

It has been well established that very-high-altitude (>4000 m) environments can affect human cognitive function and brain activity. However, the effects of long-term exposure to moderate altitudes (2000–3000 m) on cognitive function and brai...

  • Brief Report
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,056 Views
7 Pages

14 December 2022

The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of simple jaw opening and closing task of chewing movements on the activities of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) from the viewpoint of stress reduction. We measured cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the P...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,498 Views
18 Pages

Working Memory Performance under a Negative Affect Is More Susceptible to Higher Cognitive Workloads with Different Neural Haemodynamic Correlates

  • Ying Xing Feng,
  • Masashi Kiguchi,
  • Wei Chun Ung,
  • Sarat Chandra Dass,
  • Ahmad Fadzil Mohd Hani,
  • Tong Boon Tang and
  • Eric Tatt Wei Ho

The effect of stress on task performance is complex, too much or too little stress negatively affects performance and there exists an optimal level of stress to drive optimal performance. Task difficulty and external affective factors are distinct st...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
9,075 Views
15 Pages

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Activity during a Brain Training Game Predicts Cognitive Improvements after Four Weeks’ Brain Training Game Intervention: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial

  • Rui Nouchi,
  • Natasha Yuriko dos Santos Kawata,
  • Toshiki Saito,
  • Robin Maximilian Himmelmeier,
  • Ryo Nakamura,
  • Haruka Nouchi and
  • Ryuta Kawashima

15 August 2020

Background: Recent studies have demonstrated that brain activities using NIRS (near-infrared spectroscopy) at baseline during cognitive tasks (e.g., N-back task) can predict the cognitive benefits of a cognitive training. In this study, we investigat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,109 Views
14 Pages

24 February 2022

Genetic risk for schizophrenia has a negative impact on memory and other cognitive abilities in unaffected individuals, and it was recently shown that this effect is specific to males. Using functional MRI, we investigated the effect of a polygenic r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,326 Views
18 Pages

Induction of Activity-Regulated Cytoskeleton-Associated Protein and c-Fos Expression in an Animal Model of Anorexia Nervosa

  • Maria Scherma,
  • Maria Francesca Palmas,
  • Augusta Pisanu,
  • Paolo Masia,
  • Simona Dedoni,
  • Chiara Camoglio,
  • Walter Fratta,
  • Anna R. Carta and
  • Paola Fadda

1 September 2023

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex eating disorder characterized by reduced caloric intake to achieve body-weight loss. Furthermore, over-exercise is commonly reported. In recent years, animal models of AN have provided evidence for neuroplasticity c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,120 Views
26 Pages

8 September 2019

Computer-mediated-communication (CMC) research suggests that unembodied media can surpass in-person communication due to their utility to bypass the nonverbal components of verbal communication such as physical presence and facial expressions. Howeve...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,184 Views
24 Pages

11 December 2024

People with fibromyalgia (FM) exhibit alterations in brain electrical activity and autonomic modulation compared to healthy individuals. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) effects on brain elect...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
4,460 Views
17 Pages

Treadmill Exercise Reduces Neuroinflammation, Glial Cell Activation and Improves Synaptic Transmission in the Prefrontal Cortex in 3 × Tg-AD Mice

  • Lianwei Mu,
  • Dongdong Xia,
  • Jiajia Cai,
  • Boya Gu,
  • Xiaojie Liu,
  • Vladislav Friedman,
  • Qing-Song Liu and
  • Li Zhao

21 October 2022

Physical exercise improves memory and cognition in physiological aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we test the hypothesis that Aβ oligomer accumulation, neuroinflammation, and glial cell...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,360 Views
16 Pages

21 October 2021

Background: The differences in brain activity between patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy adults have been confirmed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and electroencephalography...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,612 Views
14 Pages

The association between cognitive flexibility and related neural functioning has been inconsistent. This is particularly true in young children, where previous studies have found heterogenous results linking behavior and neural function, raising the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,688 Views
17 Pages

28 October 2022

The present study examined the evolution of the behavioral performance, subjectively perceived difficulty, and hemodynamic activity of the prefrontal cortex as a function of cognitive load during two different cognitive tasks tapping executive functi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,995 Views
14 Pages

12 April 2025

This study investigates how the sound of a hair dryer influences users’ perceptions of its quality, using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation. Eighteen participants were involved in a with...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,889 Views
14 Pages

The sense of smell is one of the most important organs in humans, and olfactory imaging can detect signals in the anterior orbital frontal lobe. This study assessed olfactory stimuli using support vector machines (SVMs) with signals from functional n...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,243 Views
22 Pages

Increased NLRP1 mRNA and Protein Expression Suggests Inflammasome Activation in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal and Medial Orbitofrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia

  • Ena Španić Popovački,
  • Dora Vogrinc,
  • Heidi R. Fuller,
  • Lea Langer Horvat,
  • Davor Mayer,
  • Janja Kopić,
  • Klara Pintarić,
  • Mirjana Babić Leko,
  • Mihaela Pravica and
  • Goran Šimić
  • + 5 authors

4 March 2024

Schizophrenia is a complex mental condition, with key symptoms marked for diagnosis including delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, reduced emotional expression, and social dysfunction. In the context of major developmental hypotheses of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,593 Views
11 Pages

15 September 2023

The use of virtual reality (VR) content in neurological disorders with cognitive impairment is increasing. We have developed a device that incorporates virtual drum beating content, designed for digit memorization training. This study aimed to invest...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
5,464 Views
10 Pages

Brief Relaxation Practice Induces Significantly More Prefrontal Cortex Activation during Arithmetic Tasks Comparing to Viewing Greenery Images as Revealed by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)

  • Zhisong Zhang,
  • Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo,
  • Syeda Fabeha Husain,
  • Jessica Bose,
  • Jongkwan Choi,
  • Wanqiu Tan,
  • Jiayun Wang,
  • Bach Xuan Tran,
  • Bokun Wang and
  • Roger Ho
  • + 5 authors

Background: There is little understanding on how brief relaxation practice and viewing greenery images would affect brain responses during cognitive tasks. In the present study, we examined the variation in brain activation of the prefrontal cortex d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
4,320 Views
13 Pages

Stress Modifies the Expression of Glucocorticoid-Responsive Genes by Acting at Epigenetic Levels in the Rat Prefrontal Cortex: Modulatory Activity of Lurasidone

  • Paola Brivio,
  • Giulia Sbrini,
  • Letizia Tarantini,
  • Chiara Parravicini,
  • Piotr Gruca,
  • Magdalena Lason,
  • Ewa Litwa,
  • Chiara Favero,
  • Marco Andrea Riva and
  • Francesca Calabrese
  • + 3 authors

Epigenetics is one of the mechanisms by which environmental factors can alter brain function and may contribute to central nervous system disorders. Alterations of DNA methylation and miRNA expression can induce long-lasting changes in neurobiologica...

  • Article
  • Open Access
31 Citations
4,403 Views
16 Pages

The presence of Mild Cognitive Impairments (MCI) is associated with worse gait performance. However, the effect of MCI on cortical control of gait, as assessed during active walking, is unknown. We hypothesized that MCI would be associated with atten...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,581 Views
17 Pages

The Influence of Thermal Alterations on Prefrontal Cortex Activation and Neuromuscular Function during a Fatiguing Task

  • Kevin Cyle Phillips,
  • Derek Verbrigghe,
  • Alex Gabe,
  • Brittany Jauquet,
  • Claire Eischer and
  • Tejin Yoon

The purpose of this study was to examine prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation, neuromuscular function, and perceptual measures in response to a fatiguing task, following thermal alterations of an exercising arm. Nineteen healthy adults completed three...

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