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Keywords = plasma polymerized allylamine

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21 pages, 7014 KiB  
Article
Amine Plasma-Polymerization of 3D Polycaprolactone/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffold to Improving Osteogenic Differentiation In Vitro
by Hee-Yeon Kim, Byung-Hoon Kim and Myung-Sun Kim
Materials 2022, 15(1), 366; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15010366 - 4 Jan 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3393
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the surface characterization and pre-osteoblast biological behaviors on the three-dimensional (3D) poly(ε-caprolactone)/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffold modified by amine plasma-polymerization. The 3D PCL scaffolds were fabricated using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. To improve the pre-osteoblast bioactivity, the [...] Read more.
This study aims to investigate the surface characterization and pre-osteoblast biological behaviors on the three-dimensional (3D) poly(ε-caprolactone)/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffold modified by amine plasma-polymerization. The 3D PCL scaffolds were fabricated using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. To improve the pre-osteoblast bioactivity, the 3D PCL scaffold was modified by adding β-TCP nanoparticles, and then scaffold surfaces were modified by amine plasma-polymerization using monomer allylamine (AA) and 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH). After the plasma-polymerization of PCL/β-TCP, surface characterizations such as contact angle, AFM, XRD, and FTIR were evaluated. In addition, mechanical strength was measured by UTM. The pre-osteoblast bioactivities were evaluated by focal adhesion and cell proliferation. Osteogenic differentiation was investigated by ALP activity, Alizarin red staining, and Western blot. Plasma-polymerization induced the increase in hydrophilicity of the surface of the 3D PCL/β-TCP scaffold due to the deposition of amine polymeric thin film on the scaffold surface. Focal adhesion and proliferation of pre-osteoblast improved, and osteogenic differentiation was increased. These results indicated that 3D PCL/β-TCP scaffolds treated with DACH plasma-polymerization showed the highest bioactivity compared to the other samples. We suggest that 3D PCL/β-TCP scaffolds treated with DACH and AA plasma-polymerization can be used as a promising candidate for osteoblast differentiation of pre-osteoblast. Full article
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19 pages, 1391 KiB  
Review
Amine-Rich Coatings to Potentially Promote Cell Adhesion, Proliferation and Differentiation, and Reduce Microbial Colonization: Strategies for Generation and Characterization
by Laurine Martocq and Timothy E. L. Douglas
Coatings 2021, 11(8), 983; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11080983 - 18 Aug 2021
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 5246
Abstract
Biomaterial surface modification represents an important approach to obtain a better integration of the material in surrounding tissues. Different techniques are focused on improving cell support as well as avoiding efficiently the development of infections, such as by modifying the biomaterial surface with [...] Read more.
Biomaterial surface modification represents an important approach to obtain a better integration of the material in surrounding tissues. Different techniques are focused on improving cell support as well as avoiding efficiently the development of infections, such as by modifying the biomaterial surface with amine groups (–NH2). Previous studies showed that –NH2 groups could promote cell adhesion and proliferation. Moreover, these chemical functionalities may be used to facilitate the attachment of molecules such as proteins or to endow antimicrobial properties. This mini-review gives an overview of different techniques which have been used to obtain amine-rich coatings such as plasma methods and adsorption of biomolecules. In fact, different plasma treatment methods are commonly used with ammonia gas or by polymerization of precursors such as allylamine, as well as coatings of proteins (for example, collagen) or polymers containing –NH2 groups (for example, polyethyleneimine). Moreover, this mini-review will present the methods used to characterize such coatings and, in particular, quantify the –NH2 groups present on the surface by using dyes or chemical derivatization methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Surfaces for Biomedical Applications)
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20 pages, 3781 KiB  
Article
Automatic Actin Filament Quantification and Cell Shape Modeling of Osteoblasts on Charged Ti Surfaces
by Martina Gruening, Jonathan E. Dawson, Christian Voelkner, Sven Neuber, Katja Fricke, Ursula van Rienen, Sylvia Speller, Christiane A. Helm and J. Barbara Nebe
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(12), 5689; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11125689 - 19 Jun 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3726
Abstract
Surface charges at the cell–biomaterial interface are known to determine cellular functions. Previous findings on cell signaling indicate that osteoblastic cells favor certain moderately positive surface charges, whereas highly positive charges are not tolerated. In this study, we aimed to gain deeper insights [...] Read more.
Surface charges at the cell–biomaterial interface are known to determine cellular functions. Previous findings on cell signaling indicate that osteoblastic cells favor certain moderately positive surface charges, whereas highly positive charges are not tolerated. In this study, we aimed to gain deeper insights into the influence exerted by surface charges on the actin cytoskeleton and the cell shape. We analyzed surfaces with a negative, moderately positive, and highly positive zeta (ζ) potential: titanium (Ti), Ti with plasma polymerized allylamine (PPAAm), and Ti with a polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMA) multilayer, respectively. We used the software FilaQuant for automatic actin filament quantification of osteoblastic MG-63s, analyzed the cell edge height with scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), and described the cellular shape via a mathematical vertex model. A significant enhancement of actin filament formation was achieved on moderately positive (+7 mV) compared with negative ζ-potentials (−87 mV). A hampered cell spreading was reflected in a diminished actin filament number and length on highly positively charged surfaces (+50 mV). Mathematical simulations suggested that in these cells, cortical tension forces dominate the cell–substrate adhesion forces. Our findings present new insights into the impact of surface charges on the overall cell shape and even intracellular structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosystem–Material Interactions)
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13 pages, 9171 KiB  
Article
Efficacy of Plasma-Polymerized Allylamine Coating of Zirconia after Five Years
by Nadja Rohr, Katja Fricke, Claudia Bergemann, J Barbara Nebe and Jens Fischer
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(9), 2776; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092776 - 27 Aug 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2374
Abstract
Plasma-polymerized allylamine (PPAAm) coatings of titanium enhance the cell behavior of osteoblasts. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate a PPAAm nanolayer on zirconia after a storage period of 5 years. Zirconia specimens were directly coated with PPAAm (ZA0) or stored [...] Read more.
Plasma-polymerized allylamine (PPAAm) coatings of titanium enhance the cell behavior of osteoblasts. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate a PPAAm nanolayer on zirconia after a storage period of 5 years. Zirconia specimens were directly coated with PPAAm (ZA0) or stored in aseptic packages at room temperature for 5 years (ZA5). Uncoated zirconia specimens (Zmt) and the micro-structured endosseous surface of a zirconia implant (Z14) served as controls. The elemental compositions of the PPAAm coatings were characterized and the viability, spreading and gene expression of human osteoblastic cells (MG-63) were assessed. The presence of amino groups in the PPAAm layer was significantly decreased after 5 years due to oxidation processes. Cell viability after 24 h was significantly higher on uncoated specimens (Zmt) than on all other surfaces. Cell spreading after 20 min was significantly higher for Zmt = ZA0 > ZA5 > Z14, while, after 24 h, spreading also varied significantly between Zmt > ZA0 > ZA5 > Z14. The expression of the mRNA differentiation markers collagen I and osteocalcin was upregulated on untreated surfaces Z14 and Zmt when compared to the PPAAm specimens. Due to the high biocompatibility of zirconia itself, a PPAAm coating may not additionally improve cell behavior. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital Workflows and Material Sciences in Dental Medicine)
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11 pages, 5644 KiB  
Article
Preparation of a Biofunctionalized Surface on Titanium for Biomedical Applications: Surface Properties, Wettability Variations, and Biocompatibility Characteristics
by Mao-Suan Huang, Chia-Yu Wu, Keng-Liang Ou, Bai-Hung Huang, Tien-Hsin Chang, Kazuhiko Endo, Yung-Chieh Cho, Hsing-Yu Lin and Chung-Ming Liu
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(4), 1438; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10041438 - 20 Feb 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2557
Abstract
This study developed a promising approach (low-temperature plasma polymerization with allylamine) to modify the titanium (Ti) surface, which helps the damaged tissue to heal faster. The Ti surface was first cleaned by argon (Ar) plasma, and then the functional amino-groups were coated on [...] Read more.
This study developed a promising approach (low-temperature plasma polymerization with allylamine) to modify the titanium (Ti) surface, which helps the damaged tissue to heal faster. The Ti surface was first cleaned by argon (Ar) plasma, and then the functional amino-groups were coated on the Ti surface via plasma polymerization. The topography characteristics, wettability, and optimal plasma modification parameters were investigated through atomic force spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and response surface methodology (RSM). Analytical results showed that the formation of a porous surface was found on the Ar plasma-modified Ti surfaces after Ar plasma modification with different parameters. The Ar plasma modification is an effective approach to remove surface contaminants and generate a porous topography on the Ti surface. As the Ti with Ar plasma modification was at 100 W and 190 m Torr for 12 min, the surface exhibited the maximum hydrophilic performance. In the allylamine plasma modifications, the contact angle values of the allylamine plasma-modified Ti surfaces varied between 70.15° and 88.26° in the designed parameters. The maximum concentration of amino-groups (31.58 nmole/cm2) can be obtained from the plasma-polymerized sample at 80 W and 150 mTorr for 22 min. Moreover, the cell response also demonstrated that the allylamine plasma-modified Ti sample with an optimal modification parameter (80 W, 22 min, and 150 mTorr) possessed great potential to increase cell adhesion ability. Thus, the optimal parameters of the low-temperature plasma polymerization with allylamine can be harvested using the RSM design. These data could provide new scientific information in the surface modification of Ti implant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of the Biocomposite Materials on Bone Reconstruction)
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13 pages, 4620 KiB  
Article
Allylamine PECVD Modification of PDMS as Simple Method to Obtain Conductive Flexible Polypyrrole Thin Films
by Robert Texidó and Salvador Borrós
Polymers 2019, 11(12), 2108; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11122108 - 15 Dec 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4747
Abstract
In this paper, we report a one-step method to obtain conductive polypyrrole thin films on flexible substrates. To do this, substrates were modified through allylamine plasma grafting to create a high amount of reactive amine groups on PDMS surface. These groups are used [...] Read more.
In this paper, we report a one-step method to obtain conductive polypyrrole thin films on flexible substrates. To do this, substrates were modified through allylamine plasma grafting to create a high amount of reactive amine groups on PDMS surface. These groups are used during polypyrrole particle synthesis as anchoring points to immobilize the polymeric chains on the substrate during polymerization. Surface morphology of polypyrrole thin films are modified, tailoring the polyelectrolyte used in the polypyrrole synthesis obtaining different shapes of nanoparticles that conform to the film. Depending on the polyelectrolyte molecular weight, the shape of polypyrrole particles go from globular (500 nm diameter) to a more constructed and elongated shape. The films obtained with this methodology reflected great stability under simple bending as well as good conductivity values (between 2.2 ± 0.7 S/m to 5.6 ± 0.2 S/cm). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conducting Polymers for Advanced Applications)
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19 pages, 7243 KiB  
Article
Plasma Polymerized Allylamine—The Unique Cell-Attractive Nanolayer for Dental Implant Materials
by J. Barbara Nebe, Henrike Rebl, Michael Schlosser, Susanne Staehlke, Martina Gruening, Klaus-Dieter Weltmann, Uwe Walschus and Birgit Finke
Polymers 2019, 11(6), 1004; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11061004 - 5 Jun 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4277
Abstract
Biomaterials should be bioactive in stimulating the surrounding tissue to accelerate the ingrowth of permanent implants. Chemical and topographical features of the biomaterial surface affect cell physiology at the interface. A frequently asked question is whether the chemistry or the topography dominates the [...] Read more.
Biomaterials should be bioactive in stimulating the surrounding tissue to accelerate the ingrowth of permanent implants. Chemical and topographical features of the biomaterial surface affect cell physiology at the interface. A frequently asked question is whether the chemistry or the topography dominates the cell-material interaction. Recently, we demonstrated that a plasma-chemical modification using allylamine as a precursor was able to boost not only cell attachment and cell migration, but also intracellular signaling in vital cells. This microwave plasma process generated a homogenous nanolayer with randomly distributed, positively charged amino groups. In contrast, the surface of the human osteoblast is negatively charged at −15 mV due to its hyaluronan coat. As a consequence, we assumed that positive charges at the material surface—provoking electrostatic interaction forces—are attractive for the first cell encounter. This plasma-chemical nanocoating can be used for several biomaterials in orthopedic and dental implantology like titanium, titanium alloys, calcium phosphate scaffolds, and polylactide fiber meshes produced by electrospinning. In this regard, we wanted to ascertain whether plasma polymerized allylamine (PPAAm) is also suitable for increasing the attractiveness of a ceramic surface for dental implants using Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasma Processing in Polymers)
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13 pages, 7145 KiB  
Article
Pre-grafted Group on PE Surface by DBD Plasma and Its Influence on the Oxygen Permeation with Coated SiOx
by Hua Li, Lizhen Yang, Zhengduo Wang, Zhongwei Liu and Qiang Chen
Molecules 2019, 24(4), 780; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24040780 - 21 Feb 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2934
Abstract
In this paper, we report on polyethylene (PE) film modified by atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma prior to the deposition of SiOx coating to improve its barrier properties. Three kinds of monomers: allylamine, acrylic acid, and ethanol, are used to modify the [...] Read more.
In this paper, we report on polyethylene (PE) film modified by atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma prior to the deposition of SiOx coating to improve its barrier properties. Three kinds of monomers: allylamine, acrylic acid, and ethanol, are used to modify the PE surface. For comparison, Ar and O2 plasma pre-treatments are also performed. It is found that with the addition of a monomer in the Ar DBD plasma, the grafted active groups on PE surfaces lead to dense, pinhole-free growth of the SiOx film. The oxygen transmission rate (OTR) decreases from 700 cc/m2·day·atm. for the pristine to ca. 70 cc/m2·day·atm. for the pretreatment-coated PE, which is more than a 10-fold reduction. The relationship between the grafted monomer and the great decrease of OTR is then explored via chemical composition by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and via morphology observation by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the grafted functional groups of -NH2, -COOH and -OH increase the surface energy and promote the nucleation of Si–O radicals on polymeric surfaces, and the formation of network and cage structures in SiOx film contributes to the significant improvement of OTR. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Materials Chemistry)
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13 pages, 676 KiB  
Article
A Cell-Adhesive Plasma Polymerized Allylamine Coating Reduces the In Vivo Inflammatory Response Induced by Ti6Al4V Modified with Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation of Copper
by Uwe Walschus, Andreas Hoene, Maciej Patrzyk, Silke Lucke, Birgit Finke, Martin Polak, Gerold Lukowski, Rainer Bader, Carmen Zietz, Andreas Podbielski, J. Barbara Nebe and Michael Schlosser
J. Funct. Biomater. 2017, 8(3), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb8030030 - 20 Jul 2017
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 7149
Abstract
Copper (Cu) could be suitable to create anti-infective implants based on Titanium (Ti), for example by incorporating Cu into the implant surface using plasma immersion ion implantation (Cu-PIII). The cytotoxicity of Cu might be circumvented by an additional cell-adhesive plasma polymerized allylamine film [...] Read more.
Copper (Cu) could be suitable to create anti-infective implants based on Titanium (Ti), for example by incorporating Cu into the implant surface using plasma immersion ion implantation (Cu-PIII). The cytotoxicity of Cu might be circumvented by an additional cell-adhesive plasma polymerized allylamine film (PPAAm). Thus, this study aimed to examine in vivo local inflammatory reactions for Ti6Al4V implants treated with Cu-PIII (Ti-Cu), alone or with an additional PPAAm film (Ti-Cu-PPAAm), compared to untreated implants (Ti). Successful Cu-PIII and PPAAm treatment was confirmed with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Storage of Ti-Cu and Ti-Cu-PPAAm samples in double-distilled water for five days revealed a reduction of Cu release by PPAAm. Subsequently, Ti, Ti-Cu and Ti-Cu-PPAAm samples were simultaneously implanted into the neck musculature of 24 rats. After 7, 14 and 56 days, peri-implant tissue was retrieved from 8 rats/day for morphometric immunohistochemistry of different inflammatory cells. On day 56, Ti-Cu induced significantly stronger reactions compared to Ti (tissue macrophages, antigen-presenting cells, T lymphocytes) and to Ti-Cu-PPAAm (tissue macrophages, T lymphocytes, mast cells). The response for Ti-Cu-PPAAm was comparable with Ti. In conclusion, PPAAm reduced the inflammatory reactions caused by Cu-PIII. Combining both plasma processes could be useful to create antibacterial and tissue compatible Ti-based implants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Biomaterials)
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14 pages, 3583 KiB  
Article
Adsorption of Wine Constituents on Functionalized Surfaces
by Agnieszka Mierczynska-Vasilev and Paul A. Smith
Molecules 2016, 21(10), 1394; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21101394 - 18 Oct 2016
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5792
Abstract
The adsorption of macromolecules on solid surfaces is of great importance in the field of nanotechnology, biomaterials, biotechnological, and food processes. In the field of oenology adsorption of wine macromolecules such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, and proteins is much less desirable on membrane materials [...] Read more.
The adsorption of macromolecules on solid surfaces is of great importance in the field of nanotechnology, biomaterials, biotechnological, and food processes. In the field of oenology adsorption of wine macromolecules such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, and proteins is much less desirable on membrane materials because of fouling and reduced filtering performance. On the other hand, adsorption of these molecules on processing aids is very beneficial for achieving wine clarity and stability. In this article, the effect of surface chemical functionalities on the adsorption of white, rosé, and red wine constituents was evaluated. Allylamine, acrylic acid, and ethanol were selected as precursors for plasma polymerization in order to generate coatings rich in amine, carboxyl, and hydroxyl chemical groups, respectively. The surface chemical functionalities were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the ability of different surface chemical functionalities to adsorb wine constituents were characterized by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results demonstrated that the amine and carboxyl modified surfaces encourage adsorption of constituents from white wine. The hydroxyl modified surfaces have the ability to preferentially adsorb rosé wine constituents, whereas red wine adsorbed to the highest extent on acrylic acid surface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Wine Chemistry)
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11 pages, 473 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Osseointegration of Titanium Alloyed Implants Modified by Plasma Polymerization
by Carolin Gabler, Carmen Zietz, Rebecca Göhler, Andreas Fritsche, Tobias Lindner, Maximilian Haenle, Birgit Finke, Jürgen Meichsner, Solvig Lenz, Bernhard Frerich, Frank Lüthen, J. Barbara Nebe and Rainer Bader
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15(2), 2454-2464; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15022454 - 11 Feb 2014
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 9754
Abstract
By means of plasma polymerization, positively charged, nanometre-thin coatings can be applied to implant surfaces. The aim of the present study was to quantify the adhesion of human bone cells in vitro and to evaluate the bone ongrowth in vivo, on titanium [...] Read more.
By means of plasma polymerization, positively charged, nanometre-thin coatings can be applied to implant surfaces. The aim of the present study was to quantify the adhesion of human bone cells in vitro and to evaluate the bone ongrowth in vivo, on titanium surfaces modified by plasma polymer coatings. Different implant surface configurations were examined: titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) coated with plasma-polymerized allylamine (PPAAm) and plasma-polymerized ethylenediamine (PPEDA) versus uncoated. Shear stress on human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells was investigated in vitro using a spinning disc device. Furthermore, bone-to-implant contact (BIC) was evaluated in vivo. Custom-made conical titanium implants were inserted at the medial tibia of female Sprague-Dawley rats. After a follow-up of six weeks, the BIC was determined by means of histomorphometry. The quantification of cell adhesion showed a significantly higher shear stress for MG-63 cells on PPAAm and PPEDA compared to uncoated Ti6Al4V. Uncoated titanium alloyed implants showed the lowest BIC (40.4%). Implants with PPAAm coating revealed a clear but not significant increase of the BIC (58.5%) and implants with PPEDA a significantly increased BIC (63.7%). In conclusion, plasma polymer coatings demonstrate enhanced cell adhesion and bone ongrowth compared to uncoated titanium surfaces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biologic Coatings for Orthopaedic Implant)
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