Search Results (798)

The widespread use of neonicotinoids (NEOs) poses a significant risk to school-aged children. However, critical knowledge gaps remain regarding their comprehensive exposure profiles and associated health risks. This study assessed the co-exposure levels and non-carcinogenic risks of 16 NEOs (including both traditional and emerging compounds) in 184 school-aged children recruited from a typical rural and urban area of South China. The sum concentrations of 16 NEOs (∑₁₆NEOs) ranged from 0.648 to 227 μg/L (median: 8.99 μg/L). The predominant compounds were clothianidin (CLO, 1.93 μg/L), N-desmethyl-acetamiprid (N-dm-ACE, 1.64 μg/L), thiamethoxam (THM, 0.792 μg/L), and dinotefuran (DIN, 0.222 μg/L). To our knowledge, this is the first report of emerging NEOs—paichongding (IPP), sulfoxaflor (SUL), and flonicamid (FLO)—in children urine, with detection frequencies of 11.4%, 68.2%, and 53.4%, respectively. Significant rural–urban disparities in urinary concentrations were observed. The metabolite-to-parent ratios (e.g., N-dm-ACE/ACE, 5-OH-IMI/IMI, and THCP-AM/THCP) may serve as a useful biomarker for assessing human exposure to NEOs, as it provides valuable insight into the metabolic fate of the target compounds and aids in distinguishing exposure pathways. The median estimated daily intake (EDI) values for CLO, N-dm-ACE, THM, and ∑₁₂NEOs were 0.127, 0.117, 0.046, and 0.696 μg/kg-bw/day, respectively. Although the hazard quotient for individual compounds was below 1 for vast majority of school-aged children, cumulative exposure assessment indicated that 1.09% of participants had a hazard quotient exceeding 1 for both IMI_eq and ∑₁₂NEOs, suggesting potential health concerns under co-exposure scenarios. Using a multi-criteria Toxicological Priority Index (ToxPi) model, CLO, THM, thiacloprid-amid (THCP-AM), and N-dm-ACE were identified as the high-priority compounds requiring regulatory attention in children’s environmental health. This study provides the first comprehensive biomonitoring and ToxPi-based prioritization of both traditional and emerging NEOs in school-aged children in South China. The findings highlight the urgent need for continued monitoring, refined mixture risk assessment, and regulatory consideration of emerging substitutes and their metabolites, which are not adequately covered by current safety guidelines. Full article

Background and Objectives: Presurgical infant orthopedics aims to reduce cleft severity and facilitate primary surgical repair during the early neonatal period, when increased tissue plasticity enhances molding. Nasoalveolar molding is widely used but requires intraoral appliances, laboratory support, specialized training, and frequent follow-up visits, which may limit accessibility and adherence. This case series reports the clinical application of presurgical lip–alveolus–nose approximation (PLANA), an extraoral technique for early presurgical cleft management, and describes the clinical changes observed during treatment in four infants. Materials and Methods: A prospective case series conducted in neonates with non-syndromic unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and/or palate referred within the first 10 days of life to the Alabama Cleft Center. Treatment consisted of a prefabricated silicone nasal aligner combined with hydrocolloid lip adhesive taping. No intraoral plates or dental impressions were used. Devices were worn 20 to 22 h daily. Follow up occurred every 2 to 4 weeks, with remote monitoring used when appropriate. Qualitative clinical observations focused on apparent changes in nasal symmetry, columellar length, septal alignment, nasal tip projection, premaxillary position, nostril dimensions, alar base width, cleft width, and lip approximation, as well as feeding tolerance, skin tolerance, and treatment adherence. These observations were assessed qualitatively through serial clinical examinations and clinical photographs; no standardized quantitative morphometric measurements were performed. Results: Four infants with complete unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate received PLANA treatment. Serial clinical examinations and photographs documented qualitative changes in nasolabial morphology over the course of treatment in all four patients. Qualitative clinical assessment of serial photographs and examinations suggested greater apparent nasal symmetry, apparent columellar elongation, more central-appearing nasal alignment, increased apparent nasal tip projection, apparent cleft-width reduction, and progressive lip approximation. In unilateral clefts, changes were observed in both the cleft and non-cleft nasal sides, while bilateral clefts demonstrated changes in nasal morphology bilaterally. No device-related complications or clinically significant skin intolerance were documented during the reported treatment periods. Parent-reported device wear was approximately 20–22 h per day. Conclusions: In this four-patient prospective descriptive case series, PLANA was applied clinically, with no clinically significant treatment-related complications documented during the reported treatment periods. Serial clinical observations suggested changes in nasolabial morphology during treatment. Given the small sample size, absence of a contemporaneous control group, and qualitative nature of the assessments, these findings should be interpreted as preliminary and hypothesis-generating rather than as evidence of treatment efficacy or comparative effectiveness. Larger prospective, multicenter comparative studies incorporating standardized quantitative measurements, objective adherence assessment, and long-term surgical and aesthetic outcomes are needed to evaluate the effectiveness, reproducibility, and clinical applicability of the PLANA approach. Full article

Background/Objectives: Highly effective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy has changed cystic fibrosis (CF) care, but Romanian patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) data remain limited. This national cross-sectional mixed-methods survey aimed to describe patient- and parent-reported HRQoL in Romanian people with CF (pwCF) aged ≥6 years using age-appropriate Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R) versions, with the respiratory domain as the primary outcome. Methods: The online survey was conducted between February and April 2026. Respondents provided demographic and clinical data, including genotype/F508del status, CFTR modulator status, percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (ppFEV₁) category, weight, height, and IV antibiotic-treated pulmonary exacerbations in the previous year. CFQ-R scores were summarized descriptively, and exploratory unadjusted associations were assessed using Mann–Whitney U tests and Spearman correlations. Open-ended responses were analyzed descriptively. Results: Of 67 responses, 61 were included: 43 participants aged 6–13 years and 18 aged ≥14 years. Most respondents were currently receiving CFTR modulators (52/61, 85.2%), predominantly elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor. Mean CFQ-R Respiratory scores were 74.5 ± 23.1 in parent-proxy questionnaires for children aged 6–13 years, 83.3 ± 11.8 in self-reported questionnaires for children aged 12–13 years, and 69.8 ± 27.4 among respondents aged ≥14 years. Respiratory scores were higher among currently treated respondents and those with at least one F508del variant, and lower among those reporting IV antibiotic-treated exacerbations. Treatment burden remained among the lower-scoring domains. Qualitative responses described perceived respiratory, nutritional, and functional improvements, alongside residual treatment burden, psychosocial challenges, and access-related expectations. Conclusions: This national Romanian mixed-methods survey provides descriptive, exploratory CFQ-R-based HRQoL data in the CFTR modulator era. The findings suggest more favorable respiratory HRQoL among currently treated respondents, while supporting continued multidimensional patient-reported outcome monitoring in Romanian CF care. Full article

Groundwater-storage anomalies (GWSA) derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission provide valuable information for regional groundwater monitoring. Improving the spatial representation and temporal continuity of GRACE-derived GWSA is important for supporting groundwater assessment at subregional scales. A sequential framework combining Gaussian Process (GP) temporal gap filling and Random Forest (RF) spatial downscaling was developed for GWSA reconstruction in Henan Province, China, during 2002–2022. The GP model was used to reconstruct missing observations and characterize temporal variations, while the RF model statistically redistributed the GRACE-based GWSA signal using multi-source hydroclimatic predictors. The resulting dataset comprises model-derived GWSA estimates on a 1 km output grid constrained by the coarse spatial support of GRACE observations and the relationships learned from the auxiliary variables. Therefore, the 1 km grid spacing should not be interpreted as an independent 1 km resolving capability for groundwater-storage variations. Agreement with the parent GRACE-based GWSA product was used to assess coarse-scale reconstruction consistency rather than independent fine-scale accuracy. Comparison with groundwater-level anomalies from 63 monitoring wells yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.88, indicating temporal agreement at the sampled locations. Because the groundwater-level observations were not converted into storage anomalies using specific yield, this comparison does not establish absolute GWSA accuracy or independently validate the model-derived fine-scale spatial patterns. The reconstructed estimates revealed pronounced spatial heterogeneity in groundwater-storage changes, with persistent depletion concentrated in northern Henan, where groundwater decline rates exceeded 20 mm yr⁻¹. Overall, the framework improved the temporal continuity and spatial representation of GRACE-based groundwater-storage estimates while retaining the fundamental spatial constraints of satellite gravimetry. The results demonstrate the potential of integrating GRACE observations, machine learning, and multi-source Earth observation data to support regional groundwater assessment. Full article

Diarrhea and impaired intestinal development are major constraints in newly hatched domestic pigeons raised for meat production, leading to reduced growth performance and increased reliance on antimicrobial interventions. Cecropin AD (CAD) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide with potential activity against bacterial pathogens and may represent an alternative strategy for improving intestinal health in poultry. In this study, we evaluated the safety and biological effects of a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing CAD (rTS-CAD₃) in one-day-old domestic pigeons. Pigeons were inoculated with rTS-CAD₃, parental TS09-C, or PBS and monitored for growth performance, diarrhea incidence, viral RNA persistence, inflammatory responses, intestinal bacterial abundance, gut microbiota composition, intestinal morphology, and epithelial barrier function. rTS-CAD₃ caused no mortality, detected only transient viral RNA, and did not induce excessive inflammatory responses. Compared with TS09-C and PBS controls, rTS-CAD₃ significantly increased body weight gain and average daily gain while reducing diarrhea incidence. Importantly, rTS-CAD₃ decreased intestinal Escherichia coli abundance, reshaped the gut microbiota by reducing Proteobacteria and Escherichia–Shigella while increasing Firmicutes and Lactobacillus, improved villus height and the villus-to-crypt ratio, and enhanced occludin expression. These findings demonstrate that NDV-vectored CAD delivery can reduce intestinal bacterial burden, increase occludin expression, and alleviate diarrhea in domestic pigeons. The rTS-CAD₃ represents a promising antimicrobial peptide-based strategy for reducing spontaneous diarrhea and dependence on conventional antibiotics in poultry production. Full article

Children with Down syndrome may experience developmental differences in communication, social participation, adaptive functioning and peer interaction. However, they also possess individual strengths, learning potential and adaptive capacities that can be enhanced through structured, responsive and contextually relevant early intervention. This study aimed to design and develop an Early Intervention Module for Social Skills of Children with Down Syndrome in Malaysian Taska OKU settings. A Design and Development Research approach was applied across three phases: needs analysis, module design and development, and usability evaluation. Phase 1 involved semi-structured interviews with teachers to identify contextual challenges, existing strengths, available practices and support needs in teaching social skills to children with Down syndrome. Phase 2 focused on module development through expert consensus using the Fuzzy Delphi Method. Phase 3 examined the usability of the developed module among teachers in real daycare settings. The findings from the needs analysis showed that teachers required a structured module that could support children’s social participation, communication, turn-taking, emotional expression and interaction with peers and adults. At the same time, the findings highlighted the importance of recognising children’s strengths, including their responsiveness to visual cues, enjoyment of routine-based activities, imitation skills and ability to participate when appropriate support is provided. The developed module consists of structured social skill domains, learning outcomes, teaching activities, visual support, play-based strategies, parental involvement components and progress monitoring tools. The usability evaluation indicated that the module was practical, understandable and relevant for use in Taska OKU settings. Teachers reported that the module supported clearer planning, more consistent implementation and better opportunities for children to participate socially. This study contributes to the development of a locally adapted early intervention module that is grounded in stakeholder input, expert consensus and inclusive education principles. The module also reflects strength-based and functioning-oriented terminology aligned with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework. The findings suggest that contextually developed modules can support teachers and caregivers in enhancing the social participation of children with Down syndrome in Malaysian early childhood settings. Full article

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is the most common peroxisomal disorder and is associated with serious clinical consequences. While newborn screening (NBS) could facilitate early identification and timely intervention, its implementation for X-ALD remains controversial due to ethical concerns arising from its X-linked recessive inheritance pattern, particularly regarding female newborns. This study aims to explore the perspectives of healthcare professionals and the general public on NBS for X-ALD in Hong Kong. An online survey with 20 quantitative questions on ethical considerations was conducted from May to August 2024. Among a total of 259 responses, most respondents (99.2%) supported NBS for their male newborns, primarily because it facilitates early diagnosis and effective management. The majority of the respondents were in favor of offering NBS to female newborns, citing potential benefits for the management of adult-onset disease, enhanced family planning and support, and opportunities for extended family screening. However, some respondents expressed concerns regarding (1) psychological stress and anxiety from uncertain disease onset and frequent monitoring; (2) potential genetic discrimination and adverse impact on insurance premiums/coverage; (3) affordability and accessibility of expensive treatments, such as gene therapy; and (4) ethical issues regarding children’s “right to an open future”, particularly for late-onset female X-ALD. To address these concerns while respecting family autonomy, we propose an opt-in system with clear, balanced information for parents, combined with a three-tier screening algorithm. In summary, while inclusion of X-ALD in Hong Kong’s NBS program receives strong community support, targeted measures are needed to mitigate the identified ethical and practical barriers. Full article

Background: Cyberbullying is a critical public health issue affecting adolescent well-being. This study adopted a socio-ecological framework to examine individual, family, and school-level risk factors associated with three cyberbullying roles—Cyberbullies, Cybervictims, and Cyberbully/Victims—with particular attention to the often-overlooked Cyberbully/Victim subgroup and gender pathways. Methods: A total of 4543 adolescents (Mage = 13.97 years; 52.5% girls) completed the Tabby Improved Checklist. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted separately for boys and girls to identify predictors of involvement in the three cyberbullying roles, including empathy dimensions, moral disengagement, antisocial behavior, aggression toward teachers, and social support, using non-involved adolescents as the reference group. Results: Cyberbully/Victims represented a high-risk profile characterized by elevated moral disengagement, antisocial behavior, and aggression toward teachers, irrespective of gender. Gender-specific patterns also emerged: male Cyberbullies exhibited high cognitive empathy and low affective empathy, whereas female Cybervictims and Cyberbully/Victims reported higher levels of affective empathy. Furthermore, low parental support and monitoring significantly predicted involvement among male Cyberbullies but not among females. Aggression toward teachers emerged as a common risk factor across all cyberbullying roles. Conclusions: These findings underscore the complexity of the Cyberbully/Victim role and support the need for gender-sensitive prevention strategies. Effective prevention efforts should adopt a multi-level approach addressing maladaptive cognitive processes, emotional regulation, and student–teacher relationships to reduce online aggression. Full article

Alternaria alternata often causes preharvest potato early blight and postharvest tuber rot, which can result in substantial yield losses. Demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) are widely used to control Alternaria diseases. However, the underlying resistance risk remains poorly understood. In this study, 114 A. alternata isolates from five major potato-producing regions in Shandong, China, were evaluated for sensitivity to four DMIs (mefentrifluconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, and difenoconazole). The mean EC₅₀ values were 0.622, 6.053, 4.763, and 0.651 mg·L⁻¹, respectively. The Shapiro–Wilk test confirmed unimodal sensitivity distributions, allowing these mean EC₅₀ values to serve as baseline sensitivities. Two-year, two-location field trials demonstrated good control efficacy for all fungicides, with mefentrifluconazole exhibiting the highest efficacy. Three resistant mutants produced by artificial selection in the laboratory exhibited 3.78-, 28.06-, and 15.73-fold higher EC₅₀ values and showed fitness costs, including reduced or comparable mycelial growth, sporulation, and spore germination, pathogenicity similar to that of the parental strain, and lower temperature adaptability. By establishing the first baseline sensitivity of A. alternata from potato to these four DMI fungicides and assessing the resistance risk of mefentrifluconazole, this study provides a basis for rational fungicide application, resistance management, and future field resistance monitoring. Full article

Background/Objectives: Preterm birth is associated with increased risk of motor delay and broader neurodevelopmental vulnerability. Existing reviews have examined neonatal therapy, family-centered care, or early developmental intervention broadly, but the independent evidence for physiotherapy-based interventions in which parents actively deliver or support motor or sensorimotor activities remains uncertain. This review evaluated the effects of early physiotherapy with structured, guided parental involvement on motor development in preterm infants and examined intervention content, parental burden, safety, adherence, and durability of effects. Methods: The review followed PRISMA 2020 and a prespecified PICO framework. The original PubMed, Scopus, and PEDro search was updated through 9 July 2026 using PubMed/MEDLINE, PEDro, Cochrane CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, backward and forward citation tracking, and linked-report searches. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials of early physiotherapy, motor, or structured sensorimotor intervention with an active parent-delivered or parent-supported component and a validated motor or neurodevelopmental outcome. Multiple publications from the same randomized cohort were linked and participants were counted once. Risk of bias was evaluated with Cochrane RoB 2, intervention reporting with TIDieR, and certainty with GRADE. Results: Ten reports represented five independent randomized cohorts and 393 unique randomized infants. The Norwegian Parent-Administered Physical Therapy Intervention (NOPPI) produced a moderate short-term improvement in TIMP performance at term-equivalent age, but no consistent advantage in general movements, motor performance at 3 or 24 months, or school-age motor outcomes. COPCA and a NICU-to-home physiotherapy program produced developmental improvement over time or selected short-term gains, without consistent superiority over active or developmental care comparators. A parent-administered sensorimotor intervention by Fucile et al. improved oral-feeding outcomes but not TIMP motor performance, and its linked 18-month follow-up did not demonstrate a clear developmental advantage. Badura et al. found no significant effect of a 10-week parent-delivered general-movement-based program on MOS-R or Bayley-III motor outcomes; adherence was variable, and a transient increase in maternal depressive symptoms at discharge highlighted the importance of treatment burden. Conclusions: Guided parental involvement is feasible and may enhance short-term motor performance when activities are individualized, active, cue-responsive, and closely supervised. However, current evidence does not establish sustained superiority over well-structured usual or traditional care, developmental normalization, or benefit from passive sensorimotor input alone. Clinical implementation should combine competency-based parent training, explicit infant stress cues and stopping rules, realistic dose targets, ongoing professional support, and monitoring of adherence, parental well-being, and adverse events. Full article

Early detection of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in young children is essential for timely referral, developmental monitoring, and access to early intervention. However, conventional screening and diagnostic pathways often depend on parent-report instruments, episodic clinical observation, and specialist-administered assessments, which may delay identification during the first years of life. This scoping review maps the methodological landscape of early ASD detection from traditional clinical screening to multimodal artificial intelligence (AI). A structured literature search was conducted across major biomedical, psychological, and engineering databases for studies published between January 2010 and May 2026. After screening and eligibility assessment, 65 evidence sources were included in the qualitative synthesis, with additional methodological guidelines used to support reporting and appraisal. The reviewed evidence shows that early ASD detection is increasingly shifting from single-session clinical assessment toward multidimensional risk characterization. Clinical and behavioral screening tools remain the foundation of early identification, while eye tracking, video-based motor analysis, acoustic and vocal biomarkers, electroencephalography (EEG), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and molecular or genomic indicators provide complementary information across different developmental windows. AI-based methods, including machine learning, deep learning, Transformer architectures, multimodal fusion strategies, and foundation-model-based representation learning, may improve the objective quantification of gaze, movement, vocalization, neural activity, and biological risk. Nevertheless, most AI-assisted systems remain limited by small and heterogeneous datasets, insufficient external validation, population bias, privacy concerns, computational burden, and limited interpretability. This review argues that future early ASD detection systems should be developed as clinician-supervised decision-support tools rather than autonomous diagnostic instruments. Clinically meaningful progress will require robust external validation, privacy-preserving deployment, age-appropriate risk stratification, and intrinsically interpretable architectures that align model outputs with developmental and clinical knowledge. Full article

The present pilot study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of a VR-based social skills intervention for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Five participants aged 7–17 years participated in a six-session intervention protocol, with each session lasting approximately 45 min. The study employed a randomized AB/BA crossover design, in which participants completed two sessions under an Active condition involving instructional prompts, corrective feedback, and positive reinforcement, and two sessions under a Neutral condition without prompts or reinforcement. Following the intervention phases, participants completed a Generalization session in a novel virtual environment and a Follow-up session to assess skill retention over time. The intervention incorporated two interactive VR scenarios: (a) a simulated classroom environment, where a teacher-avatar engaged participants in structured question-and-answer activities, and (b) a virtual school playground, where participants interacted with peer avatars in social communication tasks designed to promote conversational engagement, turn-taking, and social reciprocity. All avatar interactions and trial progressions were controlled by the therapist through a dedicated monitoring interface, ensuring standardized implementation across participants. Evaluation was based on qualitative observation, analysis of recorded video material, and brief post-intervention parent interviews. Preliminary findings suggest that the intervention was feasible, well accepted by participants, and associated with improvements in social communication performance, supporting the potential of VR as a complementary tool for social skills training in children with ASD. Full article

Foster care placements involve various role players from the child’s entry into the system through the child’s exit. Positive role fulfilment implies acting in accordance with the respective role expectations while also being dynamic in nature. Key participants in the foster care system include social workers, foster parents, and foster children. These role players all have roles necessary for the foster care placement to be positive. Using role and identity theory, with an underlying Africentric philosophy, as a theoretical framework, this qualitative study sought to describe social workers’ perspectives on positive role fulfilment among role players within the foster child’s care circle in supporting well-being. Data were collected from twelve participants, comprising ten foster care social workers and two social work supervisors, through a focus group discussion and one-on-one interviews. In addition, two foster care policy developers were consulted as key stakeholders to provide contextual insight into the legislative and policy environment. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Findings showed that social workers face structural challenges, including high caseloads, a shortage of social workers and uncertainty regarding roles, which sometimes make it difficult to fulfil their roles as expected. With that said, they believed that positive role fulfilment influenced the positive nature of foster care placements. When roles are known and met, the care circle enhances the well-being of the foster child. The study concludes that social workers know what they are required to do for the child’s well-being. The recommendation is that an Africentric foster care supervision and monitoring framework be developed to sensitise the role players of their roles and responsibilities in the foster care system. Full article

Background/Objectives: Satisfaction with health and psychosocial services is a key indicator of perceived quality and acceptability, but it does not show whether services improve parenting, family functioning or youth outcomes. It is rarely assessed systematically in community-based addiction prevention and psychosocial health promotion services. This primarily descriptive cross-sectional survey assessed parent-reported satisfaction with family-based addiction prevention and psychosocial health promotion services delivered by a Greek community prevention center. Methods: An anonymous cross-sectional online survey was completed by 110 of 250 invited parents (44%) who had participated in family-based programs delivered by the Prevention Center of the Regional Unit of Achaia (“Kallipolis”) during the 3 years immediately preceding data collection. Satisfaction was measured with a licensed Greek-language version of the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8). The primary analyses were descriptive, and sample-specific internal consistency was assessed. Because only six respondents had scores below the upper descriptive range, a two-predictor Firth penalized logistic regression was fitted solely for exploratory, hypothesis-generating purposes. Results: The mean CSQ-8 score was 29.35 (SD = 2.84), the median was 30 (interquartile range = 28–31.75), and 104 respondents (94.5%) scored 25–32. Internal consistency was good (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.82), although the distribution showed a pronounced ceiling effect. The exploratory model suggested an association between complete attendance and an upper-range score; however, the reference attendance group contained only three participants, producing an extremely imprecise estimate and precluding reliable interpretation of the magnitude of the association. Conclusions: Respondents reported very high perceived satisfaction and acceptability. The findings are primarily descriptive, may be affected by nonresponse, selection, and recall bias, and do not demonstrate an improvement in parenting, family functioning or youth outcomes. Satisfaction monitoring should be combined with measures of reach, retention, implementation fidelity, and participant, family and youth outcomes. Full article

Background/Objectives: Adolescent somatic symptoms such as headache, irritability, and sleep difficulties are common and closely tied to adolescent mental health, yet they are typically studied as a single dimension and as individual complaints detached from the psychosocial adversity surrounding the adolescent. Drawing on the nationally representative 2022 Türkiye Child Survey (n = 3523, ages 13–17), we examined whether these symptoms are patterned by the psychosocial risk and support surrounding the adolescent. Methods: Measurement models, multiple correspondence analysis, survey-weighted ordinal regression, a mixed graphical model, and machine-learning algorithms were applied in sequence. Results: Somatic symptoms were organized around a dominant general factor, alongside closely correlated physical and psychological dimensions that showed differential external associations. The three relational microsystems formed a coherent psychosocial adversity gradient along which somatic burden increased. The two dimensions were linked to different factors: peer victimization, a risk factor, and parental support, a protective factor, were associated primarily with psychological burden (odds ratios per standard deviation 1.84 and 0.88), whereas female sex and chronic illness were linked more strongly to physical burden (2.35 and 1.61); body mass index, income strain, and housing problems showed no independent associations. Regression, network, and machine-learning analyses converged on this dissociation while indicating modest individual-level predictability. Conclusions: Adolescent somatic symptoms are thus systematically patterned by psychosocial risk and support at the population level, an association that may inform monitoring and psychosocially informed assessment rather than individual prediction, and that requires longitudinal work to interpret directionally. Full article