Search Results (304)

Adolescence is a developmental stage characterised by identity formation, increasing independence, and a strong need for belonging. For adolescents in foster care, these developmental tasks are often complicated by unresolved trauma arising from abuse, neglect, abandonment, or the loss of primary caregivers. Frequent placement disruptions and difficulty establishing secure attachments with foster parents may further exacerbate emotional distress and risk behaviours. Despite these challenges, little research has examined foster parents’ experiences of caring for adolescents exhibiting risk behaviours. This qualitative study explores foster parents’ perspectives on the challenges they encounter, the coping strategies they employ, and the support systems they utilise while caring for adolescents exhibiting risk behaviours. Face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted in English and Setswana with eight purposively selected foster parents receiving services at the Joe Morolong Local Municipality in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Conducting the interviews in the participants’ home languages enhanced rapport and generated richer, more nuanced data. Data collection continued until saturation was reached. The participants described managing a range of behavioural challenges, including truancy, absconding, aggression, defiance, dishonesty, stealing, association with negative peer groups, and refusal to attend to household responsibilities. These behaviours contributed to considerable emotional strain and caregiving stress. Foster parents also reported inadequate professional and psychosocial support, leading to feelings of isolation, being overwhelmed, and burnout. Although compassion and cultural values strengthened resilience, caregiving capacity was constrained by poverty, unemployment, and limited support services. The findings underscore the need for strengthened supervision of foster care placements and sustained professional support, including counselling and caregiver support groups, to enhance foster parents’ well-being, improve coping capacity, and promote stable foster care placements for adolescents. Full article

Background/Objectives: There is limited research on clinical profiles of school-aged children receiving a first-time diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) Level 1 and mixed findings related to sex differences in phenotype. This study aimed to describe the clinical profile of school-aged children receiving a first-time diagnosis of ASD Level 1, explore sex differences in phenotype by symptom severity and symptom domain profiles, and compare parent and teacher ratings on standardized measures of social, emotional, and behavioral functioning. Methods: A retrospective chart review of an ASD assessment clinic was completed. Eighty-one school-aged children were diagnosed with ASD Level 1. Measures of social, emotional, adaptive, and behavioral functioning were completed. Results: Females were significantly older at the time of diagnosis (M = 9.7 years) in comparison to males (M = 8.5 years). Additionally, over half of children diagnosed with ASD Level 1 presented with ADHD and over a third presented with an anxiety disorder. Approximately one-fourth of those diagnosed were currently taking psychotropic medication, and a substantial proportion had reported speech or language delay. Approximately half presented with food selectivity and sleep problems, with only 38% currently receiving behavioral health therapy services. Caregivers reported significantly higher internalizing symptoms and externalizing behavior on all Achenbach scales in comparison to teachers. Caregivers also reported significantly greater autism-specific social concerns. No statistically significant sex differences were found in parent or teacher ratings of domain scores. Based on caregiver reports, males demonstrated greater severity of aggressive behavior. Females displayed greater deficits in social communication and motivation based on both parent and teacher reports. Overall cognitive ability fell in the average range, while adaptive behavioral functioning was in the moderately low range. Conclusions: ASD Level 1 in school-aged children presents a distinct clinical profile marked by high rates of co-occurring conditions (ADHD and anxiety), existing academic accommodations/modifications, physician referral for evaluation, and varied symptom severity by informant type, all of which may contribute to diagnostic overshadowing and delay, especially in females. Full article

Background: Cyberbullying is a critical public health issue affecting adolescent well-being. This study adopted a socio-ecological framework to examine individual, family, and school-level risk factors associated with three cyberbullying roles—Cyberbullies, Cybervictims, and Cyberbully/Victims—with particular attention to the often-overlooked Cyberbully/Victim subgroup and gender pathways. Methods: A total of 4543 adolescents (Mage = 13.97 years; 52.5% girls) completed the Tabby Improved Checklist. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted separately for boys and girls to identify predictors of involvement in the three cyberbullying roles, including empathy dimensions, moral disengagement, antisocial behavior, aggression toward teachers, and social support, using non-involved adolescents as the reference group. Results: Cyberbully/Victims represented a high-risk profile characterized by elevated moral disengagement, antisocial behavior, and aggression toward teachers, irrespective of gender. Gender-specific patterns also emerged: male Cyberbullies exhibited high cognitive empathy and low affective empathy, whereas female Cybervictims and Cyberbully/Victims reported higher levels of affective empathy. Furthermore, low parental support and monitoring significantly predicted involvement among male Cyberbullies but not among females. Aggression toward teachers emerged as a common risk factor across all cyberbullying roles. Conclusions: These findings underscore the complexity of the Cyberbully/Victim role and support the need for gender-sensitive prevention strategies. Effective prevention efforts should adopt a multi-level approach addressing maladaptive cognitive processes, emotional regulation, and student–teacher relationships to reduce online aggression. Full article

Background: Needle-related procedures such as venipuncture can be distressing for children and may trigger severe fear and behavioral dysregulation, particularly in those with previous traumatic experiences. Trauma-informed care (TIC) is a framework that recognizes the widespread impact of trauma and integrates this knowledge into clinical practice to prevent re-traumatization and support emotional regulation during medical procedures. Methods: This before-and-after study included 135 children aged 4–8 years who had previously shown severe distress during venipuncture, including escape attempts, shouting, or self/other-directed aggressive behaviors. Before venipuncture, children and their families received a TIC-based intervention delivered by a psychological counselor in a dedicated preparation room. Fear, behavioral responses during venipuncture, procedural pain, and heart rate were evaluated before and after the intervention using parent reports, the Children’s Fear Scale, the Wong–Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, and pulse oximetry. Results: Following the TIC intervention, significant pre–post reduction were observed in distress-related behaviors during venipuncture, including escape attempts, shouting/crying, and self-/other-directed harmful behaviors. The proportion of children rated as experiencing high levels of fear decreased from 96.2% before the intervention to 15.5% after. Among the 85 children with complete heart-rate measurements available, mean heart rate decreased from 113.6 ± 10.1 beats/min to 87.3 ± 8.43 beats/min. Many families reported a more positive venipuncture experience compared with previous procedures. Conclusions: A trauma-informed care intervention delivered before venipuncture is associated with meaningful reductions in behavioral distress, fear, and physiological arousal in children with prior needle-related traumatic experiences. These pre–post associations support the feasibility and potential value of the TIC model, though controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings without confounding clinical effects. Full article

Background/Objectives: Child-to-parent violence (CPV) refers to persistent physical, psychological, or financial violence perpetrated by children or adolescents against their parents. Although CPV has attracted increasing academic and professional attention in recent years, evidence regarding its predictors remains fragmented. This systematic literature review aimed to synthesize empirical evidence on the predictors of adolescent CPV, with a particular focus on developmental victimization, personality traits, and psychopathology. Violence refers to the intentional use of physical, psychological, or symbolic force to cause harm, control, or suffering, while aggression corresponds to intentional behavior aimed at harming another individual, which may or may not involve physical violence and is often broader and more situational. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024596076). Searches were carried out in January 2025 across six electronic databases (PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, and CINAHL). Empirical studies published between 2000 and 2025 examining predictors of CPV in adolescence, namely developmental victimization, personality traits, and psychopathology, were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Results: The search identified 862 records, of which 46 studies met the inclusion criteria and were retained for full-text analysis. Most studies were quantitative in design and published within the last 15 years, with Spain accounting for most of the empirical evidence. The findings consistently demonstrated associations between CPV and exposure to direct or vicarious family victimization, maladaptive personality traits—particularly psychopathic features—and a range of psychopathological symptoms, including substance use, mood and anxiety disorders, and neurodevelopmental conditions. Conclusions: The results support a multifactorial and developmental understanding of CPV, highlighting early victimization as a central risk context interacting with personality and mental health vulnerabilities. Limitations of the existing literature are discussed, and directions for future research are proposed, emphasizing the need for longitudinal and qualitative studies to inform prevention and intervention strategies. Full article

Background/Objectives: Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often face sustained emotional, practical, and social demands. However, evidence from Romania remains limited, particularly regarding the combined assessment of caregiver burden, emotional distress, and coping strategies of parents. This exploratory study compared these outcomes between parents of children/adolescents with ASD and parents of typically developing children and examined whether coping patterns varied according to selected sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional comparative study in Târgu-Mureș, Romania, between 2024 and 2025. The sample included 92 parents: 46 parents of children/adolescents with clinician-confirmed ASD and 46 parents of typically developing children. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), and the Strategic Approach to Coping Scale (SACS). DASS-21 data were available for 44 ASD caregivers and 46 controls. Between-group comparisons were performed using t-tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, chi-square tests, or Fisher’s exact tests, as appropriate. Results: The groups were comparable in sex, age, residence, number of children, and household size, but differed significantly in marital status and educational level. Clinically relevant caregiver burden (CBI ≥ 36) was more frequent among parents of children with ASD than among controls (30% vs. 17%), although this difference was not statistically significant. Parents of children with ASD showed trend-level higher depressive and anxiety symptoms, with small effect sizes, whereas stress scores were similar between groups. Coping patterns varied according to sociodemographic characteristics. Marital status was associated with aggressive coping, urban residence was associated with indirect and aggressive coping, and number of children was associated with seeking social support. Conclusions: Parents of children with ASD showed a higher proportion of clinically relevant caregiver burden and trend-level elevations in depressive and anxiety symptoms, while stress scores were comparable between groups. Exploratory adjusted analyses suggested that ASD caregiver status remained associated with caregiver burden and depressive symptoms after controlling for educational level and marital status. Coping strategies appeared heterogeneous and context-dependent. Given the exploratory design, modest sample size, and multiple comparisons, these findings should be interpreted as preliminary and hypothesis-generating. Full article

Rates of suicide among children and adolescents have increased significantly in the past two decades, especially among minoritized youth. Identification of modifiable factors associated with suicidality in diverse samples is important for informing targeted prevention and intervention efforts. Toward this end, this study utilized a multi-informant approach to examine the association between aggression and suicide risk in an urban pediatric sample. Children and adolescents (N = 136; 69% Black or African American) between the ages of 6 and 17 (M_age = 11.4 ± 3.0) were recruited while attending a well-child visit at a Baltimore City pediatric primary care clinic. Pediatric participants and their caregivers completed measures of aggressive behavior and depressive problems. Suicide risk was derived from parent-, youth-, and clinician-reports of pediatric participants experiencing suicidal thoughts and behaviors. After controlling for demographic variables, results of stepwise logistic regressions revealed that parent- and youth-reported aggressive behavior were significantly associated with suicide risk (OR = 1.18, p = 0.005 and OR = 1.23, p = 0.006, respectively). When depressive problems were added to the model, depressive problems were significantly associated with suicide risk (parent-report OR = 1.34, p = 0.015 and youth-report OR = 1.28, p = 0.025), but aggressive behavior was no longer significantly associated. Findings from this study suggest that aggression could be an important indicator of suicide risk, but not above and beyond the influence of depressive symptoms. In this sample, aggressive behavior may be at least partially explained by depressive symptoms and a manifestation of internal distress. Full article

Background/Objectives: Mammary serine protease inhibitor (maspin) was originally identified as a tumor suppressor gene, as loss of its expression in breast cancer cell lines promotes invasiveness and tumorigenicity. In contrast, normal pancreatic ductal epithelium does not express the maspin protein, and its expression frequency increases as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) progresses to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We have previously reported that cytoplasmic-only localization of maspin (cytMaspin) is an independent indicator of poor prognosis in patients with PDAC. However, the functional role of maspin in PDAC remains unclear. Methods: We investigated the subcellular localization and biological function of maspin in PDAC cell lines using Western blotting, immunofluorescence, RNA-seq, wound-healing assays, and invasion assays. Results: Endogenous maspin was detected in most PDAC cell lines, and RNA-seq was performed in S2-007 (panMaspin; nuclear and cytoplasmic localization of maspin) and S2-028 (cytMaspin), which were derived from the same parental cell line (SUIT-2). The invasive capability of S2-028 cells (cytMaspin) was higher than that of S2-007 cells (panMaspin), showing upregulation of the ErbB family and axon-guidance pathways. Furthermore, maspin overexpression in PANC-1 and S2-020 cells resulted in panMaspin and cytMaspin, respectively. PANC-1 cells overexpressing maspin showed decreased invasive capability via suppression of HER2 expression and Akt activation. Conclusions: Although maspin expression has generally been considered an unfavorable prognostic indicator in patients with PDAC, our findings suggest that its biological effects may differ depending on its subcellular localization. Specifically, nuclear localization is linked to less aggressive phenotypes, whereas cytoplasmic localization is associated with more malignant behavior. Full article

Previous studies have predominantly examined parental acceptance, parental control, and aggression separately, often focusing on one parenting dimension or one parental figure at a time. This study investigated the associations between maternal, paternal, and parental acceptance and control and five distinct forms of aggression (physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, hostility, and general aggression) among Turkish emerging adults. A convenience sample of 487 emerging adult university students (381 females, 106 males) completed the Personal Information Form, the Parenting Styles Questionnaire, and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation analyses, and hierarchical regression analyses. Results indicated that maternal acceptance and parental acceptance were negatively associated with physical aggression, verbal aggression, hostility, and general aggression, whereas paternal acceptance was negatively associated with hostility and general aggression. Maternal control, paternal control, and overall parental control consistently emerged as significant positive predictors of physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, hostility, and general aggression. These findings suggest that parental control is associated with higher levels of various forms of aggression among Turkish emerging adults, whereas parental acceptance is associated with lower levels of aggression, with differential effects of maternal and paternal parenting. Overall, our findings indicate that parenting influences on aggression during emerging adulthood are multifaceted, varying by parenting dimension, parental figure, and form of aggression. Interventions for emerging adults should prioritize reducing excessive parental control as a universal target regardless of parental source, while fostering parental acceptance (particularly maternal acceptance) may be associated with additional protective effects for most but not all forms of aggression. Full article

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare but life-threatening condition in children, with hereditary forms often being linked to mutations in genes such as bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2), caveolin 1 (CAV1), and potassium channel subfamily K member 3 (KCNK3). Among these, CAV1 mutations are associated with severe disease phenotypes, though cases resulting from de novo heterozygous CAV1 mutations with multi-system involvement remain rarely reported. The CAV1 mutation (c.424C > T, p.Q142X) disrupts caveolin-1 function, leading to dysregulated pulmonary vascular remodeling and multi-system abnormalities. Methods: This was a retrospective case study of a pediatric patient with hereditary PAH. The patient was followed at our hospital from initial presentation until death. Clinical data were collected from medical records, including physical examinations, laboratory tests, echocardiography, chest X-ray, computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA), and genetic analysis. The patient was treated sequentially with various PAH-targeted medications. This report also includes a review of the relevant literature on CAV1-associated PAH. Results: A female aged 3 years and 11 months was diagnosed with hereditary PAH associated with a de novo heterozygous CAV1 mutation (c.424C > T, p.Q142X). Both parents underwent genetic testing and were negative for the mutation, confirming its de novo origin. Clinical manifestations included special facial features, congenital telangiectasia, cutis marmorata (marbled skin), congenital cataract, hereditary lipodystrophy, and severe PAH. The patient presented with progressive exercise intolerance, syncope, and worsening dyspnea over nine years. Echocardiography revealed pulmonary hypertension with an estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 69–105 mmHg, right heart enlargement, right ventricular hypertrophy, and moderate tricuspid regurgitation. Blood and urine metabolic screenings were normal. A chest X-ray showed progressive enlargement of the cardiac silhouette and bulging of the pulmonary artery segment. CTPA demonstrated pulmonary hypertension, secondary right heart dysfunction, decompensated right ventricular function, and mosaic perfusion in both lungs, suggestive of small arterial branch occlusion. Right heart catheterization was declined by the parents. Thus, the diagnosis of PAH was established based on clinical, echocardiographic, CTPA, and genetic findings. The patient was hospitalized four times and lost to follow-up from 2017 to 2023. She received sequential treatment with digoxin, hydrochlorothiazide, tadalafil, ambrisentan, selexipag, and treprostinil. Despite these therapies, pulmonary artery pressure continued to rise with progressive clinical deterioration. The patient ultimately died at 13 years of age due to a pulmonary hypertensive crisis and multiple organ failure following a severe episode of gastroenteritis. Conclusions: Despite aggressive treatment with multiple targeted reduced pulmonary artery pressure drug therapies, managing hereditary PAH caused by CAV1 mutations in children remains a significant challenge, with a high mortality rate. Early genetic diagnosis, regular follow-up, and individualized treatment are crucial. It requires the joint efforts of patients, parents, and healthcare providers. Full article

Concern is expressed in Australia about a group of children called dual-involvement children. Dual-involvement children live in families who have multiple complex needs, where a child is referred first to a child protection court and later to a juvenile justice court as the child has committed offenses. One concern is whether these families and children receive early intervention therapy. Method: The paper reviews research relevant to early intervention for children with an increased likelihood of developing a mental disorder and behaving aggressively. Results: Fifteen psychological models have generated evidence about risk factors for the healthy development of children. A framework is used to describe risk factors using headings of parental factors, childhood factors, and peer factors. The review summarizes effect sizes associated with each model. Conclusions: The review concludes that variables relevant to dual-involvement children can be integrated using the concept of role the of a parent. There is a need for a tiered system of intervention involving universal interventions that are supplemented by targeted interventions for families where children have heightened vulnerability due to a higher number of specific risk factors. Topics for further research are identified, including a need for research into how therapists who use a systemic approach might practice in ways that manage ethical dilemmas that arise when using systemic therapy with two members of a court-involved family. Full article

Background/Objectives: Advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) remains incurable, with no established optimal sequence of targeted therapies due to interpatient heterogeneity and acquired resistance. We developed a luciferase-enabled patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) avatar platform to evaluate sequential targeted therapies in individualized aRCC models that recapitulate tumor architecture, proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and PD-L1 expression. Methods: Tumor specimens from two renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients were expanded subcutaneously in NOD/SCID mice, transduced with luciferase/red fluorescent protein (Luc/RFP), and orthotopically implanted into mouse kidneys (KiCa-Pt58: sarcomatoid RCC, pT3aN1M1, Fuhrman grade 4; KiCa-Pt118: clear cell RCC with sarcomatoid component, pT3aNxM0, Fuhrman grade 4, respectively). Tumor growth and metastasis were monitored weekly by bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Mice were randomized into vehicle control or four sequential treatment groups (Everolimus→Sunitinib [E→S], Sunitinib→Everolimus [S→E], Pazopanib→Sunitinib [P→S], Pazopanib→Everolimus [P→E]). Drugs were administered orally three times weekly until resistance (>200% BLI increase), with one switch. At necropsy, tumor burden, ex vivo BLI metastasis, weights, H&E histology, and immunohistochemistry (Ki67, CD44, CD31, PD-L1) were assessed. Results: Two independent experiments were performed. In dosing optimization, PDOX tumors recapitulated parental histology and proliferative indices, mirroring patient trajectories. KiCa-Pt58 (metastatic sarcomatoid RCC; deceased 1-month post-nephrectomy) showed aggressive features: rapid engraftment at low doses, early growth (week 2), and lung metastases in 78% of mice (sacrifice day 34), reflecting a fulminant course. KiCa-Pt118 (non-metastatic; patient recurrence-free >8 years post nephrectomy) exhibited indolent behavior: delayed engraftment requiring higher doses plus lymph node stromal (HK) support, slower growth (week 4), no metastases, and later sacrifice (day 78), consistent with remission. In sequential therapy evaluation, for KiCa-Pt58, P→E yielded greatest reductions in tumor weight (p < 0.01), lung metastases (p < 0.01), Ki67+ proliferation, CD31+ angiogenesis, and PD-L1 expression versus control; E→S and S→E were also effective. For KiCa-Pt118, S→E and P→E reduced tumor burden (p < 0.01) and Ki67⁺ proliferation; S→E lowered CD31 and PD-L1. Conclusions: This RCC PDOX platform faithfully preserves patient-specific biology—including metastatic propensity, engraftment efficiency, growth kinetics, and stromal dependency—while enabling real-time evaluation of sequential targeted therapies. Given the limited number of models tested, these findings provide proof-of-concept for individualized treatment exploration in advanced RCC and support future investigation of rational combinations with immune checkpoint blockade in humanized or immunocompetent systems. Full article

Fathers are globally recognized as influential figures in children’s development, yet the specific mechanisms linking paternal beliefs to preschoolers’ social adjustment remain insufficiently explored. This study examined the sequential mediation effects of father involvement and the father–child relationship on the link between paternal progressive beliefs and children’s social adjustment (indexed by social competence and problem behaviors). A stratified random sample of 1862 Chinese mother–father dyads (3724 individual participants) was recruited. Structural equation modeling showed that the following: (1) Fathers’ progressive beliefs had a direct positive association with children’s social competence, and a small but significant direct positive link to children’s anger–aggression behaviors; (2) The associations between the fathers’ beliefs and children’s social adjustment were indirectly explained by a sequential mediation process: beliefs were associated with greater father involvement, which, in turn, connected to fostered closeness or increased father–child conflict, ultimately leading to more positive adjustments through closeness, or to more negative adjustments via conflict. This study also uncovered discrepancies between mothers’ and fathers’ perceptions of the fathering process. Notably, due to the lack of parallel measures of maternal constructs, these findings reflect paternal contributions within the family system rather than unique effects. These findings were discussed within the transitional context of culturally specific Chinese fathering. This study extends the traditional “parenting beliefs–practices–outcomes” framework to include the parent–child relationship, highlighting the importance of targeting fathers’ effective relationship-building practices in family programs. Full article

Background/Objectives: Glioblastoma remains the most lethal primary brain tumor in adults, and progress in oncolytic virotherapy is limited by the lack of immunocompetent models permissive to human-tropic viruses. Methods: Here, murine CT-2A and GL261 glioma and B16 melanoma cell lines were engineered to express human Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor (CXADR) fused to tagBFP, generating “humanized” tumors that preserve parental growth characteristics while acquiring high susceptibility to group B Coxsackieviruses (CVBs) and adenovirus serotype 5. Results: CXADR expression in CT-2A, GL261, and B16 cells markedly enhanced binding, internalization, and replication of CVBs in vitro, with the strongest effect observed for LEV14 (attenuated CVB5), which reached up to 10⁵-fold higher viral titers in humanized cells compared with parental cells. Unchanged sensitivity to vesicular stomatitis virus indicated receptor-specific effects. Humanized CT-2A-CXADR-BFP and GL261-CXADR-BFP cells initiated aggressive subcutaneous and intracranial tumors in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice without signs of immune rejection, and histology and MRI confirmed invasive high-grade glioma phenotypes. In intracranial CT-2A-CXADR-BFP tumors, repeated intratumoral LEV14 administration induced extensive tumor necrosis and prolonged survival despite the rapid development of neutralizing antibodies. Systemic intravenous LEV14 dosing produced strong oncolytic activity against subcutaneous CT-2A-CXADR-BFP tumors, as demonstrated by pronounced tumor growth inhibition, long-lasting regression in a subset of animals with gliomas, and improved overall survival. Conclusions: Collectively, these data establish CXADR-humanized models as versatile, immunocompetent platforms for evaluation of CXADR-dependent oncolytic enteroviruses. Full article

We examined how sociodemographic, parental, and temporal factors are associated with parent-reported reasons for seeking consultation in a child and adolescent psychotherapeutic clinic. Data were derived from a large retrospective sample of more than 3000 cases collected between 2011 and 2023. Multivariable binary logistic regression analyses assessed the independent effects of age, gender, living arrangements, migration background, parental education, parental age at childbirth, parental separation or bereavement, and pandemic-related periods. School-aged children and adolescents were more likely than younger children to present with learning difficulties, depression, anxiety, mobbing and media addiction. Female patients showed lower odds of consultations related to learning difficulties, aggression, behavioral addiction, attention deficit/hyperactivity, but higher odds of depression, psychosomatic symptoms, anxiety, eating disorders and sleeping disorders. Parental separation increased the likelihood of consultations related to problematic social behavior within the family, delinquency and trauma and grief. Consultations for attention deficit/hyperactivity concerns were more frequent in the post-pandemic period compared to pre-pandemic. The findings highlight that sociodemographic, familial, and temporal factors are systematically associated with distinct patterns of parent-reported help-seeking patterns in child and adolescent psychotherapeutic care. Full article