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12 pages, 222 KiB  
Article
Resilience as a Personality Trait and Stress Coping Styles: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Paramedic Student Cohort
by Kazimiera Hebel, Sylwia Jałtuszewska, Aleksandra Steliga, Tomasz Kłosiewicz, Daniel Ślęzak and Sebastian Głowiński
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(6), 1878; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14061878 - 11 Mar 2025
Viewed by 2091
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Resilience, defined as the ability to adapt and cope effectively with stress, plays a crucial role in preparing candidates for the paramedic profession. This study aimed to assess the resilience intensity as a personality trait and identify stress-coping styles [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Resilience, defined as the ability to adapt and cope effectively with stress, plays a crucial role in preparing candidates for the paramedic profession. This study aimed to assess the resilience intensity as a personality trait and identify stress-coping styles among paramedic candidates. Methods: A cross-sectional cohort study was conducted across multiple Polish universities offering bachelor’s degree programs in emergency medical services. The study included 138 participants (56 females, 82 males, aged 18–51). Data collection involved demographic surveys and standardized tools, including the Polish version of the Resilience Scale (SPP-25), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). Results: The study revealed a positive correlation between resilience and age (p = 0.002). Males exhibited significantly higher resilience compared to females (p = 0.0004). While both genders demonstrated average life satisfaction (SWLS), men scored significantly higher (p = 0.0082). Task-oriented coping strategies were predominant among all participants, but females scored higher in emotion-oriented coping (p = 0.0003). Resilience was positively correlated with task-oriented coping (0.4872) and negatively correlated with emotion-oriented coping (−0.4727). Conclusions: These findings emphasize the importance of resilience in paramedic training and selection, as it significantly influences stress management and professional performance in high-pressure situations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Mental Health)
19 pages, 3305 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Script Concordance Testing on Clinical Decision-Making in Paramedic Education
by Katarzyna Naylor, Jane Hislop, Kamil Torres, Zakaria A. Mani and Krzysztof Goniewicz
Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020282 - 22 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2752
Abstract
This study investigates the effectiveness of the Script Concordance Test (SCT) in enhancing clinical reasoning skills within paramedic education. Focusing on the Medical University of Lublin, we evaluated the SCT’s application across two cohorts of paramedic students, aiming to understand its potential to [...] Read more.
This study investigates the effectiveness of the Script Concordance Test (SCT) in enhancing clinical reasoning skills within paramedic education. Focusing on the Medical University of Lublin, we evaluated the SCT’s application across two cohorts of paramedic students, aiming to understand its potential to improve decision-making skills in emergency scenarios. Our approach, informed by Van der Vleuten’s assessment framework, revealed that while the SCT’s correlation with traditional methods like multiple-choice questions (MCQs) was limited, its formative nature significantly contributed to improved performance in summative assessments. These findings suggest that the SCT can be an effective tool in paramedic training, particularly in strengthening cognitive abilities critical for emergency responses. The study underscores the importance of incorporating innovative assessment tools like SCTs in paramedic curricula, not only to enhance clinical reasoning but also to prepare students for effective emergency responses. Our research contributes to the ongoing efforts in refining paramedic education and highlights the need for versatile assessment strategies in preparing future healthcare professionals for diverse clinical challenges. Full article
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21 pages, 2375 KiB  
Review
Education and Training Adaptations for Health Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review of Lessons Learned and Innovations
by Perla Boutros, Nour Kassem, Jessica Nieder, Catalina Jaramillo, Jakob von Petersdorff, Fiona J. Walsh, Till Bärnighausen and Sandra Barteit
Healthcare 2023, 11(21), 2902; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11212902 - 4 Nov 2023
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 13597
Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has considerably impacted the clinical education and training of health workers globally, causing severe disruptions to learning environments in healthcare facilities and limiting the acquisition of new clinical skills. Consequently, urgent adaptation measures, including simulation training and e-learning, have [...] Read more.
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has considerably impacted the clinical education and training of health workers globally, causing severe disruptions to learning environments in healthcare facilities and limiting the acquisition of new clinical skills. Consequently, urgent adaptation measures, including simulation training and e-learning, have been implemented to mitigate the adverse effects of clinical education. This scoping review aims to assess the impact of COVID-19 on medical education and training, examine the implemented adaptation measures, and evaluate their effectiveness in improving health workers’ education and training during the pandemic. Methods: Employing the PRISMA-ScR framework and Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological guidance, we conducted a scoping review, systematically searching PubMed, medRxiv, Google, and DuckDuckGo databases to account for the grey literature. The search included studies published between 1 December 2019 and 13 October 2021, yielding 10,323 results. Of these, 88 studies focused on health worker education and training during the pandemic. Results: Our review incorporated 31,268 participants, including physicians, medical trainees, nurses, paramedics, students, and health educators. Most studies (71/88, 81%) were conducted in high-income and lower-middle-income countries. The pandemic’s effects on health workers’ clinical skills and abilities have necessitated training period extensions in some cases. We identified several positive outcomes from the implementation of simulation training and e-learning as adaptation strategies, such as enhanced technical and clinical performance, increased confidence and comfort, and an expanded global educational outreach. Conclusions: Despite challenges like insufficient practical experience, limited interpersonal interaction opportunities, and internet connectivity issues, simulation training, e-learning, and virtual training have proven effective in improving clinical education and training during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research is required to bolster preparedness for future pandemics or similar situations. Full article
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13 pages, 415 KiB  
Review
Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Training in Disaster Medicine Courses for Students in Nursing: A Scoping Review of Adoptable Tools
by Camilla Elena Magi, Stefano Bambi, Paolo Iovino, Khadija El Aoufy, Carla Amato, Chiara Balestri, Laura Rasero and Yari Longobucco
Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(7), 616; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13070616 - 24 Jul 2023
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5486
Abstract
Nurses and paramedics play a pivotal role when mass casualty incidents (MCI) occur, yet they often feel unprepared for such events. Implementation strategies for training activities, including virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) simulations, offer realistic and immersive learning experiences, enhancing skills [...] Read more.
Nurses and paramedics play a pivotal role when mass casualty incidents (MCI) occur, yet they often feel unprepared for such events. Implementation strategies for training activities, including virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) simulations, offer realistic and immersive learning experiences, enhancing skills and competencies for nursing students. The aim of this work was to investigate the adopted tools in studies on VR and AR simulations for training nursing and paramedic students in managing MCI. A scoping review was performed following the PRISMA-ScR statement, and the search strategy was conducted through five electronic databases from December 2022 to March 2023. Of 162 records identified, 27 full texts were screened and, six studies were included in this review. These studies involved students who were assigned to different training methods, including immersive VR simulation, written instruction, and traditional lecture. VR and AR and immersive simulation generally show promising evidence in enhancing practical skills and knowledge in MCI management. VR and AR showed to be promising in disaster education and preparedness training, offering different levels of immersiveness and engagement, encouraging active and experiential learning. Further research is needed to determine their long-term effectiveness. The choice of training method should consider program goals, target population, and available resources. Full article
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16 pages, 773 KiB  
Article
Psychological State and Exam Performance among Paramedics’ Students in Geneva during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Study
by Florian Ozainne, Lou Rauss and Loric Stuby
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 3736; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043736 - 20 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3125
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic forced higher education institutions in Switzerland to move to distance learning, with certain limitations such as “Zoom fatigue” and a lack of interaction with peers and teachers. This has also impacted the development of interprofessional skills and key concepts such [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic forced higher education institutions in Switzerland to move to distance learning, with certain limitations such as “Zoom fatigue” and a lack of interaction with peers and teachers. This has also impacted the development of interprofessional skills and key concepts such as professional acknowledgement, cooperation, and communication skills. This study was conducted using mixed methods, including performance assessment regarding examination notes, the 12-item General Health Questionnaire, and semi-structured interviews, to assess the impact of the pandemic on the performance of paramedic students and their psychological state. The results of the semi-structured interviews provided insight into the impact of the pandemic. The period of the COVID-19 pandemic appears to have had an impact on the psychological state of the paramedic students, most of whom were considered to be either at risk or in psychological distress. There may have been an effect on their theoretical knowledge performance, with pre-pandemic promotions performing better than pandemic promotions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Professions Education and Clinical Training)
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19 pages, 1958 KiB  
Article
The Use of Virtual Reality in Training Paramedics for a Mass Casualty Incident
by Alena Lochmannová, Michal Šimon, Petr Hořejší, Marek Bárdy, Stanislava Reichertová and Klára Gillernová
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(22), 11740; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211740 - 18 Nov 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4691
Abstract
This paper presents the design of a virtual reality learning module inspired by the exercises of healthcare professionals and its limitations as a result of action research carried out by the authors’ collective. The module is implemented on a car crash scenario as [...] Read more.
This paper presents the design of a virtual reality learning module inspired by the exercises of healthcare professionals and its limitations as a result of action research carried out by the authors’ collective. The module is implemented on a car crash scenario as a emergency event. Virtual reality training is presented here as an important supplement to traditional paramedic training with the potential to reduce costs and make paramedic training more effective as part of their refresher training for their job roles. Real-time training and its limitations are described, especially regarding patient triage, this aspect being considered as one of the key aspects in the context of virtual reality. Furthermore, the results of a questionnaire survey among the mannequins and interviews with the trainees are presented, while the virtual reality environment of the module was designed to be intuitive for each student with the possibility of self-service without major demands on the logistical organization of the staff for the updating training. The authors relied on an expert group of multi-disciplinary experts for development. The outcome of the action research and the data collected by it is a fully prepared module for teaching selected skills in reflection of the situational context of a traffic accident with mass casualties. In the context of the presented module, measurements are being prepared to compare selected variables between real training and virtual reality training with the same scenario on student paramedics and professional paramedics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality in Manufacturing Systems)
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15 pages, 1401 KiB  
Article
Stress-Inducing Factors vs. the Risk of Occupational Burnout in the Work of Nurses and Paramedics
by Aneta Grochowska, Agata Gawron and Iwona Bodys-Cupak
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(9), 5539; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095539 - 3 May 2022
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 7912
Abstract
Introduction: Contemporary healthcare faces new challenges and expectations from society. The profession of a nurse, as well as a paramedic, is essential for the efficient functioning of healthcare. It has its importance not only in promoting and preserving health but also in prevention. [...] Read more.
Introduction: Contemporary healthcare faces new challenges and expectations from society. The profession of a nurse, as well as a paramedic, is essential for the efficient functioning of healthcare. It has its importance not only in promoting and preserving health but also in prevention. With the increasing importance of providing medical care at the highest level, it is expected of these two professional groups to have more knowledge and skills than a few years earlier. The daily contact with patients and their families, the low level of control of the environment, the hierarchical system of professional dependence, and the dissatisfaction with remuneration are becoming extremely burdensome aspects of the nursing and paramedic professions. Long-term exposure to stressors associated with these medical professions may, in the long term, lead to the emergence of occupational burnout syndrome. The aim of this study is an attempt to answer the question of whether and how stress factors affect the occurrence of occupational burnout in the work of nurses and paramedics working in various medical entities. Material and Methods: The study covered a group of 434 respondents, including 220 nurses and 214 paramedics, working professionally in hospital departments and care and treatment facilities as well as in hospital emergency departments and ambulance services. The study was carried out using a diagnostic survey based on the questionnaire technique using the authors’ questionnaire and the standardized MBI Ch. Maslach. Two statistical values were used to statistically analyze the research results and verify the adopted hypotheses: the chi-square test and the Student’s t-test. Results and Conclusions: The current study showed that the phenomenon of occupational burnout among the studied group affects only nurses, while this problem does not apply to the studied paramedics. The main stressor among the nurses and paramedics is, above all, a very high level of responsibility. Nurses are overburdened by excessive demands and shift work, while paramedics are mostly burdened by an excess of duties. Both nurses and paramedics claim that their work is often stressful, which leads to physical and mental exhaustion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of Stress, Burnout and Occupational Hygiene)
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11 pages, 328 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Reflection on Death on the Self-Esteem of Health Care Workers
by Piotr Holajn, Agata Zdun-Ryżewska, Marlena Robakowska, Daniel Ślęzak, Anna Tyrańska-Fobke and Andrzej Basiński
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(9), 5521; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095521 - 2 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2133
Abstract
Background. The study was based on the Terror Management Theory. This theory assumes that self-preservation and awareness of imminent death create the potential to trigger fear. The “culture buffer” can protect people from fear, and it is composed of two factors: personal views [...] Read more.
Background. The study was based on the Terror Management Theory. This theory assumes that self-preservation and awareness of imminent death create the potential to trigger fear. The “culture buffer” can protect people from fear, and it is composed of two factors: personal views on world issues and self-esteem. The aim of the study was to show that exposure to content that increases the availability of thoughts about death causes changes in medical personnel (doctors, nurses, and paramedics) in areas such as self-esteem, mood, sense of agency, and communion. Methods. The research was experimental. Standardized psychometric tests were used, including the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE), the University of Wales Institution of Science and Technology) Mood Adjective Check List (UMACL), scales measuring agency and communion, and an additional questionnaire containing two types of text. Respondents were divided into two text groups: A (exposed to increased availability of thoughts of death) and B (neutral). Results. Reflection on death, triggered by the experimental manipulation of the independent variable (text version), did not modify mood (in groups of medical staff and students) or self-esteem of health care professionals but did modify scores on a single RSE item in the student’s group. Moreover, age, income level, religious attitude, and belonging to a professional group had an impact on self-esteem, mood components, and other parameters but did not interact with the text group. Reflection on death modified the sense of agency and communion. Conclusions. Exposure to content increasing the availability of thoughts of death led to observable effects possible to observe in all groups only after taking into account an additional factor, which turned out to be the religious attitude of the respondents in the experiment. Specific tools should be selected or developed for the needs of research on respondents working in health care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychological Safety in the Workplace)
16 pages, 2286 KiB  
Article
Impact of Face-to-Face Teaching in Addition to Electronic Learning on Personal Protective Equipment Doffing Proficiency in Student Paramedics: Randomized Controlled Trial
by Ludivine Currat, Mélanie Suppan, Birgit Andrea Gartner, Emmanuel Daniel, Mathieu Mayoraz, Stephan Harbarth, Laurent Suppan and Loric Stuby
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(5), 3077; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19053077 - 5 Mar 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5049
Abstract
Personal protective equipment doffing is a complex procedure that needs to be adequately performed to prevent health care worker contamination. During the COVID-19 pandemic, junior health care workers and students of different health care professions who had not been trained to carry out [...] Read more.
Personal protective equipment doffing is a complex procedure that needs to be adequately performed to prevent health care worker contamination. During the COVID-19 pandemic, junior health care workers and students of different health care professions who had not been trained to carry out such procedures were often called upon to take care of infected patients. To limit direct contact, distance teaching interventions were used, but different trials found that their impact was rather limited. We therefore designed and carried out a randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of adding a face-to-face intervention using Peyton’s four-step approach to a gamified e-learning module. Sixty-five student paramedics participated in this study. The proportion of doffing sequences correctly performed was higher in the blended learning group (33.3% (95%CI 18.0 to 51.8) versus 9.7% (95%CI 2.0 to 25.8), p = 0.03). Moreover, knowledge and skill retention four to eight weeks after the teaching intervention were also higher in this group. Even though this study supports the use of a blended learning approach to teach doffing sequences, the low number of student paramedics able to adequately perform this procedure supports the need for iterative training sessions. Further studies should determine how often such sessions should be carried out. Full article
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13 pages, 369 KiB  
Article
Representations of Research among Newly Graduated Paramedical Professionals: A Qualitative Study
by Evelyne Decullier, Mathilde Chauliaguet, Arnaud Siméone, Julie Haesebaert and Agnès Witko
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(21), 11331; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111331 - 28 Oct 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2253
Abstract
Despite a keen interest in clinical research, most paramedical professionals are unwilling to play an active role. Our objective was to explore paramedical professionals’ representations of research. Using an existing database of final year paramedical students (speech therapy, occupational therapy, psychomotricity, audiometry, physiotherapy, [...] Read more.
Despite a keen interest in clinical research, most paramedical professionals are unwilling to play an active role. Our objective was to explore paramedical professionals’ representations of research. Using an existing database of final year paramedical students (speech therapy, occupational therapy, psychomotricity, audiometry, physiotherapy, orthoptics), we deployed a qualitative approach composed of two successive steps: (1) a free word association task, and (2) semi-structured individual interviews. Out of the 54 students who agreed to be contacted, we received 21 responses to the free word association questionnaire, and 11 interviews were conducted. The hierarchical evocation matrix revealed that the scientific representation of research is based on words defining the research and the purpose of the research. “Collaboration” was identified as being an essential part of the research process. The central core of the representation is coherent with all its components perceived as positive. The content analysis of the interviews showed a polarization around two key points: (1) participants are interested in accessing and using evidence in their practice (2) but feel less confident about and/or motivated to generate evidence themselves. This study highlights the need to develop more research-friendly environments, especially in training institutions. Full article
15 pages, 688 KiB  
Article
Preparedness of Health Care Workers and Medical Students in University Hospital in Krakow for COVID-19 Pandemic within the CRACoV Project
by Barbara Żółtowska, Ilona Barańska, Katarzyna Szczerbińska, Anna Różańska, Krzysztof Mydel, Wojciech Sydor, Piotr B. Heczko, Estera Jachowicz and Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(16), 3487; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163487 - 7 Aug 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4130
Abstract
Backgrounds Health care workers’ (HCWs) knowledge of and compliance with personal protective procedures is a key for patients’ and personnel safety. The aim of this study was to assess which factors are associated with higher self-evaluations of training on infection prevention and control [...] Read more.
Backgrounds Health care workers’ (HCWs) knowledge of and compliance with personal protective procedures is a key for patients’ and personnel safety. The aim of this study was to assess which factors are associated with higher self-evaluations of training on infection prevention and control (IPC) and higher self-assessment of IPC practices used by HCWs regarding COVID-19 in University Hospital in Krakow, Poland, in January 2021. Material and methods This was an online survey on the preparedness for COVID-19 epidemic of medical/non-medical staff and medical students. Questions included in the survey concerned participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, hospital staff involvement in the training, knowledge about the hand hygiene, and adherence to IPC measures. Knowledge and Performance Index (K&PI) based on selected questions was constructed for to reflect both subjective (self-evaluation) of preparedness and objective IPC knowledge and skills of HCWs participated in the IPC training. Results A total of 1412 health care workers, including 129 medical students, participated in the study. The largest group, 53.6%, was made up of nurses and paramedics. Age of respondents significantly correlated with knowledge of IPC and with K&PI. The mean age of workers with high K&PI was 42.39 ± 12.53, and among those with low, 39.71 ± 13.10, p < 0.001. 51% UHK workers participated in IPC training, but 11.3% of physicians, 28.8% of other HCWs, and 55.8% of students did not know the IPC standard precaution. Most participants, 72.3%, felt that they had received sufficient training; however, 45.8% of students declined this. There was no correlation between self-reported preparedness and the K&PI, indicating that self-reported preparedness was inadequate for knowledge and skills. Nurses and paramedics assessed their knowledge most accurately. Participants with low K&PI and high subjective evaluation constituted a substantial group in all categories. Students least often overestimated (23.8%) and most often (9.6%) underestimated their knowledge and skills. Conclusions Our study revealed inadequate IPC practice, especially as it refers to the training programme. We confirmed the urgent need of including theory and practice of IPC in curricula of health professions’ training in order to provide students with knowledge and skills necessary not only for future pandemic situations but also for everyday work. Full article
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20 pages, 7571 KiB  
Article
Effect of Professional and Extra-Professional Exposure on Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Healthcare Workers of the French Alps: A Multicentric Cross-Sectional Study
by Virginie Vitrat, Alexis Maillard, Alain Raybaud, Chloé Wackenheim, Bruno Chanzy, Sophie Nguyen, Amélie Valran, Alexie Bosch, Marion Noret and Tristan Delory
Vaccines 2021, 9(8), 824; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080824 - 27 Jul 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2463
Abstract
We aimed to report SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence after the first wave of the pandemic among healthcare workers, and to explore factors associated with an increased infection rate. We conducted a multicentric cross-sectional survey from 27 June to 31 September 2020. For this survey, we [...] Read more.
We aimed to report SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence after the first wave of the pandemic among healthcare workers, and to explore factors associated with an increased infection rate. We conducted a multicentric cross-sectional survey from 27 June to 31 September 2020. For this survey, we enrolled 3454 voluntary healthcare workers across four participating hospitals, of which 83.4% were female, with a median age of 40.6 years old (31.8–50.3). We serologically screened the employees for SARS-CoV-2, estimated the prevalence of infection, and conducted binomial logistic regression with random effect on participating hospitals to investigate associations. We estimated the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection at 5.0% (95 CI, 4.3%–5.8%). We found the lowest prevalence in health professional management support (4.3%) staff. Infections were more frequent in young professionals below 30 years old (aOR = 1.59, (95 CI, 1.06–2.37)), including paramedical students and residents (aOR = 3.38, (95 CI, 1.62–7.05)). In this group, SARS-CoV-2 prevalence was up 16.9%. The location of work and patient-facing role were not associated with increased infections. Employees reporting contacts with COVID-19 patients without adequate protective equipment had a higher rate of infection (aOR = 1.66, (95 CI, 1.12–2.44)). Aerosol-generating tasks were associated with a ~1.7-fold rate of infection, regardless of the uptake of FFP2. Those exposed to clusters of infected colleagues (aOR = 1.77, (95 CI, 1.24–2.53)) or intra-familial COVID-19 relatives (aOR = 2.09, (95 CI, 1.15–3.80)) also had a higher likelihood of infection. This report highlights that a sustained availability of personal protective equipment limits the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate to what is measured in the general population. It also pinpoints the need for dedicated hygiene training among young professionals, justifies the systematic eviction of infected personnel, and stresses the need for interventions to increase vaccination coverage among any healthcare workers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue SARS-CoV-2 Serological Studies around the Globe)
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11 pages, 292 KiB  
Article
Knowledge, Anxiety and the Use of Hydroxychloroquine Prophylaxis among Health Care Students and Professionals Regarding COVID-19 Pandemic
by Vinita Jindal, Saurabh Mittal, Tanvir Kaur, Avtar Singh Bansal, Prabhjot Kaur, Gurmeet Kaur, Hem C. Sati and Avneet Garg
Adv. Respir. Med. 2020, 88(6), 520-530; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.a2020.0163 - 30 Dec 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1110
Abstract
Introduction: Data regarding knowledge and attitude about COVID-19, the prevalence of acceptance of hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis and anxiety amidst COVID-19 pandemic among health care students/professionals in India is scarce. Material and methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted during May 2020, using an online survey [...] Read more.
Introduction: Data regarding knowledge and attitude about COVID-19, the prevalence of acceptance of hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis and anxiety amidst COVID-19 pandemic among health care students/professionals in India is scarce. Material and methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted during May 2020, using an online survey via Google forms. A self-administered validated structured questionnaire was applied, which comprised 28 questions among health care students/professionals at a tertiary care centrein North India. Results:A total of 956 respondents were included (10.2% nurses, 45.2% medical students, 24.3% paramedical students, 11.7% resident doctors and 8.6% consultant doctors). Overall knowledge score was 9.3/15; the highest for preventive practices (4/5), followed by clinical knowledge (2.7/5) and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) (2.6/5). The overall score was the highest in consultant doctors (10.8) while the lowest in nurses (8.5) and paramedical students (8.4) (p < 0.001). Less than half of the respondents had knowledge about the correct sequence of doffing PPE and the use of N95 mask. About 21.8% of the participants experienced moderate to severe anxiety; higher among nurses (38%), followed by paramedical students (29.3%); and anxiety was higher when knowledge score was low (27.6% vs. 14.7%); both factors were independent predictors on multivariate analysis (p < 0.001). Only 18.1% of the respondents applied HCQ prophylaxis — the highest proportion constituted consultants (42.7%), and the least — paramedical students (5.2%); (p < 0.001) and HCQ use was more frequently used if they had a family member of extreme age group at home (23.3% vs. 12.2%; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The knowledge about correct PPE usage is low among all groups of HCWs and students, and there is a high prevalence of anxiety due to COVID-19. The lower COVID-19 knowledge scores were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of anxiety and inadequate use of HCQ prophylaxis. The appliance of HCQ prophylaxis had no significant association with anxiety levels of the respondents. Full article
8 pages, 566 KiB  
Article
Development of an Adapted Model for Decision-Making to Improve Reasoning and Risk Assessment in an Emergency Team: A Prospective Simulation Study
by David Häske, Wolfgang Dorau, Niklas Heinemann, Jan-Philipp Stock and Benjamin Schempf
Medicina 2019, 55(7), 339; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55070339 - 4 Jul 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3091
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Medical staff is rarely trained in structured decision-making, relying instead on intuition without due consideration for the associated pros and cons. Materials and Methods: We adopted a model for decision-making to improve reasoning and risk assessment and carried out a [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Medical staff is rarely trained in structured decision-making, relying instead on intuition without due consideration for the associated pros and cons. Materials and Methods: We adopted a model for decision-making to improve reasoning and risk assessment and carried out a prospective simulation study using paramedic students in a three-year training program. We conducted a training session in which participants were lectured on decision-making using the FAR-BEK model (German abbreviation for facts, alternatives, risks, competence, decision, control), physiological processes in decision-making under stress, as well as medico-legal aspects for the comprehension and justification of medical decisions. We analyzed pre- and post-training scenarios to elucidate the influence of training on decision-making. Results: Twenty paramedic students, with a mean age of 22.0 ± 1.7 years, took part in the study. The question of whether decision aids can be applied, initially affirmed by 40% of participants, rose to 71.4% (p = 0.011) following our training. Confidence in decision-making increased on a 7-point Likert scale from 4.5 to 4.8 points (p < 0.394). The reasoning behind the decisions rose from 5.3 to 5.6 points (p < 0.081). Indication, options, and risks rose significantly, from 5.4 to 6.1 points (p = 0.045). Overall, our simulation training significantly increased the points of decision support taken into account (57.8% vs. 88.9%, p < 0.001). Viewed individually, the largest increase of 180% was seen in risk assessment (33.3% vs. 93.3%, p < 0.002). The second largest increase of 150% was seen in the question of one’s own permissions (26.7% vs. 66.7%, p < 0.066). Also, the control increased (40.0% vs. 86.7%, p < 0.021). Conclusions: With a brief training course, both the awareness and the implementation of a structured decision-making model in paramedic students can be significantly increased. Nevertheless, no definitive conclusions can be made with respect to the implementation of real patient care. The application of structured, standardized decision-making tools may need to be further consolidated in routine medical use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Emergency Medicine)
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14 pages, 2297 KiB  
Article
Mobile Mixed Reality for Experiential Learning and Simulation in Medical and Health Sciences Education
by James Birt, Zane Stromberga, Michael Cowling and Christian Moro
Information 2018, 9(2), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/info9020031 - 31 Jan 2018
Cited by 128 | Viewed by 20791
Abstract
New accessible learning methods delivered through mobile mixed reality are becoming possible in education, shifting pedagogy from the use of two dimensional images and videos to facilitating learning via interactive mobile environments. This is especially important in medical and health education, where the [...] Read more.
New accessible learning methods delivered through mobile mixed reality are becoming possible in education, shifting pedagogy from the use of two dimensional images and videos to facilitating learning via interactive mobile environments. This is especially important in medical and health education, where the required knowledge acquisition is typically much more experiential, self-directed, and hands-on than in many other disciplines. Presented are insights obtained from the implementation and testing of two mobile mixed reality interventions across two Australian higher education classrooms in medicine and health sciences, concentrating on student perceptions of mobile mixed reality for learning physiology and anatomy in a face-to-face medical and health science classroom and skills acquisition in airways management focusing on direct laryngoscopy with foreign body removal in a distance paramedic science classroom. This is unique because most studies focus on a single discipline, focusing on either skills or the learner experience and a single delivery modality rather than linking cross-discipline knowledge acquisition and the development of a student’s tangible skills across multimodal classrooms. Outcomes are presented from post-intervention student interviews and discipline academic observation, which highlight improvements in learner motivation and skills, but also demonstrated pedagogical challenges to overcome with mobile mixed reality learning. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Serious Games and Applications for Health (SeGAH 2017))
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