Search Results (5,272)

Introduction: Hypocalcemia represents a major cause of seizures in children in the absence of fever or infections. Hypovitaminosis D, usually associated with a lack of proper prophylactic regimens, can trigger those events. This case series aims to highlight two cases of hypocalcemic seizures in infants, attributed to severe vitamin D deficiency, with the aim of raising awareness regarding the importance of vitamin D prophylaxis. A narrative review of the literature is also provided, which highlights similar reported cases. Methods: We hereby report two cases of male infants (aged 4 months and 5 months) who presented to the emergency department of a tertiary pediatric center with seizures in the absence of fever or infections. Diagnostic work-ups revealed low levels of total serum calcium and ionic calcium deficiency. The cause of the hypocalcemia turned out to be severe vitamin D deficiency in both cases, caused by complete absence of vitamin D supplements since birth and during maternal pregnancy. In both cases, combined oral calcium and vitamin D supplementation led to complete resolution of symptoms and restoration of normal calcium levels. A comprehensive review of the literature is also provided, which focuses on pediatric studies and case reports that analyzed the prevalence, particularities, and outcomes of hypocalcemic seizures related to vitamin D deficiency. Articles including subjects with congenital or endocrine disorders that could have caused hypocalcemia were ruled out. Results: After accessing the full-length form of each article and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 articles were included, namely 14 studies and 13 case reports. Hypocalcemic seizures caused by vitamin D deficiency are more common in infants, are usually linked to maternal hypovitaminosis D, and have a higher prevalence in developing countries. Most of the case reports depicting hypocalcemic seizures were distinguished through very low vitamin D levels. Conclusions: These case series emphasize the importance of vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of hypocalcemia, which constitutes a major metabolic cause of seizures in infancy. Nevertheless, maternal vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy is the only factor that can ensure the presence of satisfactory deposits in the newborn and prevent hypovitaminosis D-related complications. Full article

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory oral disease associated with immune dysregulation and malignant transformation risk. Vitamin D and probiotics may modulate immune and microbial pathways involved in OLP. In this study, we evaluated their effects on clinical outcomes and multi-omics profiles in 25 adult OLP patients (median age: 68 years). Vitamin D-deficient patients received 2000 IU/day vitamin D3, and all participants received a probiotic blend (Limosilactobacillus reuteri LRE11, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LR04, and Lacticaseibacillus casei LC04) for 16 weeks. Clinical assessments and analyses of saliva, serum, oral swabs, and stool samples were performed before and after treatment. Clinical outcomes improved significantly, with reductions in lesion number (p < 0.001), lesion size (p = 0.004), and bleeding lesions (p = 0.014); 76% of patients were classified as in remission. Vitamin D levels increased significantly among deficient patients receiving correction (p < 0.01). Salivary and fecal metabolomics showed significant remodeling of amino acid and carbohydrate pathways, including decreases in branched-chain amino acids in saliva and modulation of nicotinamide- and amino acid-related metabolites in feces. Microbiome α-diversity remained stable, whereas β-diversity shifted significantly across oral and fecal sites, with enrichment of Lacticaseibacillus and other context-dependent commensals. Multi-omics integration identified three latent factors linking salivary cytokines, microbial taxa, metabolites, and systemic lipid profiles, suggesting coordinated mucosal–metabolic–immune remodeling across the oral–gut axis. Full article

Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) have been recognized as ubiquitous emerging global pollutants, which are extensively detectable in diverse environmental media and food matrices. Increasing evidence indicates that the intestine is a primary target of orally ingested MNPs and a critical initiating hub for systemic toxicity. Once ingested orally, MNPs can interact with the intestinal mucus layer and epithelial barrier, induce gut microbiota dysbiosis, remodel bile acid and short-chain fatty acid metabolism, and activate oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and immune imbalance. These gut-derived disturbances may subsequently propagate adverse signals to distal organs through the gut-liver, gut-brain, gut-kidney, gut-lung, gut-reproductive, and gut-mammary axes. Intestinal barrier dysfunction, endotoxin translocation, abnormal microbial metabolites, and microbiota-derived immune signals constitute common mediating pathways linking local intestinal injury to multi-organ toxicity. In addition, smaller particle size, surface oxidation, environmental aging, bio-corona/plastisphere formation, and co-exposure with other contaminants can further modulate the intensity and specificity of gut-organ axis disruption. Prior reviews are limited to separate analyses of single-organ toxicity or isolated gut-organ pathways. To fill this gap, this work synthesizes contemporary mechanistic and experimental evidence to establish a gut-initiated systemic toxicology framework for MNPs. We differentiate direct particle translocation from gut-derived indirect signaling, evaluate the varying robustness of supporting evidence for each gut-organ axis, and underscore nanoscale biointerface properties as key modulators of MNPs systemic toxic potency. Full article

Background: Cetuximab-based therapies continue to play an important role in the management of recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) despite the increasing use of immunotherapy. However, data regarding treatment outcomes and prognostic factors remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate treatment outcomes and prognostic factors associated with survival in patients with R/M HNSCC treated with cetuximab-based regimens. Methods: This retrospective single-center cohort study included patients with recurrent/metastatic HNSCC who received cetuximab-based systemic therapy at the Department of Medical Oncology, Manisa Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine, between May 2012 and September 2025. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and PET/CT data were retrospectively analyzed. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Prognostic factors associated with survival were evaluated using univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Results: A total of 57 patients were included in the study. The median age was 65 years, and 91.2% of patients were male. Most patients had ECOG performance status 0–1 (94.7%) and stage IV disease (71.9%). The larynx was the most common primary tumor site (50.9%), while distant lymph node metastasis (63.2%) and lung metastasis (61.4%) were the predominant metastatic sites. Median PFS and OS were 4.6 months and 13.8 months, respectively. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with a body mass index (BMI) > 25 had longer OS, whereas chronic kidney disease (CKD), primary tumor localization, and best response to first-line treatment were significantly associated with survival. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, chronic kidney disease (CKD) (HR: 5.15, p = 0.004), oral cavity primary tumor localization (HR: 2.55, p = 0.013), progressive disease as the best response to first-line treatment (HR: 4.44, p < 0.001) and the absence of grade 1–2 cetuximab-related dermatologic toxicity (HR: 3.20, p = 0.027) remained independent adverse prognostic factors. BMI was not independently associated with survival in multivariable analysis. Conclusions: Cetuximab-based therapy demonstrated clinically meaningful activity in patients with R/M HNSCC. Comorbidities, primary tumor localization, the absence of grade 1–2 cetuximab-related dermatologic toxicity and treatment response appear to substantially influence survival outcomes. Larger prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings. Full article

Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases affecting older adults and remains an important, underrecognized contributor to pain, impaired nutrition, systemic illness, and reduced quality of life. Older adults access medical care more often than dental care, positioning non-dental clinicians to identify risk, initiate prevention, and facilitate timely referral. A narrative review of English-language literature was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar. Search terms included “dental caries,” “root caries,” and “older adults.” Sources included original studies, clinical guidelines, consensus statements, and high-quality reviews, with an emphasis on relevance to older adults and applicability to non-dental clinicians. Dental caries in older adults commonly presents as root and recurrent decay and isstrongly associated with xerostomia, polypharmacy, chronic disease, functional impairment, cognitive decline, and limited access to dental care. The literature supports fluoride-based prevention, management of salivary dysfunction, dietary counseling, minimally invasive therapies such as silver diamine fluoride, and interprofessional care models. Non-dental providers play a critical role in screening, risk assessment, preventive counseling, symptom triage, and referral. Integrating oral health into routine medical care is an essential and achievable strategy to reduce morbidity and improve health outcomes in older adults. Full article

Imperatorin (IPT) is a naturally occurring coumarin with recognized antioxidant and anti-aging properties; unfortunately, its poor water solubility and low oral bioavailability severely limit its practical use. To get around these issues, we formulated IPT-loaded NLCs using grape seed oil and glyceryl monostearate—both food-grade excipients—with the goal of enhancing oral absorption. Optimized IPT@NLCs were prepared by high-pressure homogenization, featuring uniform spherical morphology, an average particle size of 186.63 ± 1.65 nm, a PDI of 0.188 ± 0.008, an encapsulation efficiency of 99.54 ± 0.10%, and a drug loading capacity of 9.08 ± 0.23%. IPT@NLCs remained stable in SGF, while their cumulative in vitro release over 48 h reached 90.56 ± 3.12% in SIF. We established a Caco-2/HT29-MTX-E12 co-culture monolayer to examine mucus penetration, cellular uptake, and transcellular transport routes. In parallel, oxidative stress experiments using 3T3-L1 cells, along with in vivo pharmacokinetic and gastrointestinal safety evaluations, were conducted to provide complementary evidence. Our results indicate that NLC encapsulation significantly improves both the dissolution and intestinal uptake of IPT, primarily by shifting the absorption mechanism from passive diffusion to energy-dependent active transport. In addition, IPT@NLCs effectively reduce intracellular oxidative damage through modulation of endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities. Animal studies further reveal an approximately 9-fold increase in relative oral bioavailability, with no notable irritation to gastrointestinal tissues. Overall, GSO-based NLCs offer safe and efficient oral delivery, enhancing IPT bioavailability and antioxidant activity, providing a strategy for developing natural-product-based formulations. Full article

The oral microbiota represents a complex and dynamic microbial ecosystem that plays a critical role in preserving both oral and systemic homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that alterations in oral microbial milieu (dysbiosis) may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, especially Alzheimer’s disease (AD), through the oral–brain axis. This review synthesizes current evidence on the pathways linking oral microbiota to cognitive decline, integrating microbial, immunological, and vascular perspectives. Oral pathogens may access the central nervous system via hematogenous dissemination or neural routes, including the trigeminal nerve, while simultaneously promoting systemic inflammation, immune activation, and blood–brain barrier disruption. These processes converge on key neurodegenerative mechanisms, including chronic neuroinflammation, amyloid-β accumulation, and tau pathology. In parallel, alterations in oral microbial composition have been linked to disease severity, supporting a potential role of dysbiosis in both initiation and progression of cognitive impairment. Diet emerges as a critical modifiable determinant of oral microbial ecology. Diets rich in refined sugars may promote dysbiosis and inflammatory signaling, whereas (poly)phenols, probiotics, and prebiotics may support microbial eubiosis and exert neuroprotective effects through modulation of host–microbe interactions. Although current evidence remains largely observational and mechanistic, the diet–oral microbiota–brain axis represents a promising target for preventive and therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating cognitive decline and promoting healthy aging. Future longitudinal and interventional studies are required to establish causality and translate these insights into clinical practice. Full article

Background/Objectives: Plant-mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are promising components for oral biomaterials because of their antimicrobial potential; however, their biological behavior depends strongly on the phytochemical matrix, physicochemical characteristics, and exposure concentration. This study aimed to evaluate silver nanoparticles formulations synthesized using turmeric powder-derived Curcuma longa ethanolic and aqueous extracts, with emphasis on physicochemical characterization, antibacterial activity against oral-relevant Gram-positive bacteria, cytocompatibility toward human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1), and acute in ovo vascular compatibility. Methods: AgCUR-EtOH NPs and AgCUR-H₂O NPs were synthesized using CUR-EtOH and CUR-H₂O extracts as reducing and stabilizing matrices. The resulting formulations were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta-potential analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Cytocompatibility was evaluated in HGF-1 human gingival fibroblasts after 24 h exposure to 1–10 µg/mL using complementary viability, lysosomal, mitochondrial, and fluorescence-based assays. Acute vascular irritation was assessed using the hen’s egg test–chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) assay. Results: Both formulations exhibited broad, polydisperse hydrodynamic distributions and negative apparent zeta potentials. AgCUR-H₂O NPs showed a lower Z-average diameter than AgCUR-EtOH NPs under their respective solvent-specific measurement conditions. XRD pattern revealed heterogeneous crystalline compositions dominated by residual AgNO₃, together with weaker contributions consistent with metallic Ag and a possible minor oxidized silver phase. FTIR spectra demonstrated extract-derived organic functional groups and prominent nitrate-associated bands. TEM/EDX confirmed Ag-containing nanostructures with approximate size ranges of 15–175 nm for AgCUR-EtOH NPs and 15–150 nm for AgCUR-H₂O NPs. S. mutans was the most susceptible microorganism, with MIC values of 9 and 7 µg/mL and MBC values of 88 and 62 µg/mL for AgCUR-EtOH NPs and AgCUR-H₂O NPs, respectively. AgCUR-H₂O NPs consistently showed lower MIC and MBC values against all tested strains, but also produced a more pronounced concentration-dependent reduction in HGF-1 viability. At 10 µg/mL, cell viability was 71.88% for AgCUR-EtOH NPs and 52.14% for AgCUR-H₂O NPs. Both formulations showed low acute irritation potential in ovo, with irritation scores of 1.06 and 0.69, respectively. Conclusions: The two CUR-AgNP formulations exhibited distinct physicochemical, antibacterial, and cellular response profiles under the tested conditions. At equivalent concentrations expressed as total dried formulation mass, AgCUR-H₂O NPs yielded lower MIC and MBC values against the tested bacterial strains, whereas AgCUR-EtOH NPs produced a less pronounced reduction in HGF-1 viability. Because the powders were not quantitatively normalized for total silver, extract-derived organic fraction, or residual precursor content, these differences cannot be attributed exclusively to nanoparticle properties or to the extraction solvent and should not be interpreted as evidence of the intrinsic superiority of either formulation. Both formulations showed low acute vascular irritation. Further quantitative compositional, silver-release, and biofilm assessments are required before incorporation into oral biomaterial platforms. Full article

There are several regions characterized by exceptional longevity and lifestyle that promote health and well-being. Loma Linda, California, in the United States, provides a unique context to examine how lifestyle behaviors relate to oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). This cross-sectional study surveyed adults residing in Loma Linda (N = 321) to evaluate associations among physical activity, lifestyle adherence, and OHRQoL. Physical activity was assessed using the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, lifestyle adherence using a composite lifestyle score, and OHRQoL using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Higher physical activity and greater lifestyle adherence were associated with lower OHIP-14 scores in bivariate analyses (ρ = −0.237, p < 0.001; ρ = −0.15, p < 0.01, respectively), indicating better perceived OHRQoL. OHIP-14 scores differed across physical activity categories (Kruskal–Wallis H = 6.99, p = 0.030), with the lowest scores observed among active participants. These associations were attenuated after adjustment for demographic factors and lifestyle adherence and were not statistically significant in multivariable models (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that OHRQoL reflects the combined influence of interconnected lifestyle behaviors rather than a single factor, supporting a holistic approach to promoting oral and systemic health. Full article

Background/Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic complication of pregnancy associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Data on GDM in Central Asian populations remain limited. This study aimed to identify factors associated with GDM and evaluate selected obstetric outcomes among pregnant women in Kazakhstan. Methods: A retrospective case–control study based on medical record data was conducted among 256 pregnant women, including 106 women with GDM and 150 women with normal glucose tolerance. GDM was diagnosed using a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test according to the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria. Demographic, clinical, anthropometric, laboratory, and obstetric data were obtained from medical records. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors statistically associated with GDM. Obstetric outcomes were compared using unadjusted analyses. Results: Women with GDM were older than controls (31.6 ± 5.8 vs. 28.6 ± 5.3 years, p < 0.001) and had a higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (29 [25–33] vs. 26 [23–29] kg/m², p < 0.001). Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were also higher in the GDM group (p = 0.026). In multivariable analysis, pre-pregnancy obesity (adjusted OR 4.54, 95% CI 2.08–9.91; p < 0.001) and educational level (overall p = 0.001) remained associated with GDM, whereas maternal age was not independently associated after adjustment. Hypertension (24.5% vs. 2.0%; p < 0.001), eclampsia (3.8% vs. 0%; p = 0.028), cesarean delivery (52.8% vs. 28.0%; p < 0.001), and fetal macrosomia (21.7% vs. 12.0%; p = 0.037) were more frequent among women with GDM. No significant difference was observed in neonatal birth weight. Conclusions: Pre-pregnancy obesity and educational level were independently associated with GDM. Women with GDM more frequently experienced hypertensive complications, cesarean delivery, and fetal macrosomia; however, these findings were based on unadjusted analyses and should be interpreted cautiously. Further multicenter prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings in Central Asian populations. Full article

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex, multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder whose core pathological hallmarks include Aβ aggregation, tau hyperphosphorylation, chronic neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Lignans, a class of naturally occurring polyphenolic dimers widely distributed in medicinal plants and diet, exhibit multi-target neuroprotective effects with low toxicity. This review provides a systematic synthesis of the anti-AD pharmacological mechanisms underlying nine structurally distinct lignan subtypes—dibenzocyclooctadiene, tetrahydrofuran, bisepoxy, benzofuran, and biphenyl types—emphasizing scaffold-dependent structure–activity relationships. Key mechanistic pathways encompass direct inhibition of Aβ aggregation and tau phosphorylation, activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant signaling axis and PI3K/Akt pro-survival pathways, suppression of NF-κB-mediated neuroinflammation, restoration of cholinergic function, protection of mitochondria via SIRT3, inhibition of ferroptosis through Gsk3β/Nrf2/GPX4 signaling, and modulation of the gut–brain axis via microbiota-mediated conversion to enterolactone. This review addresses key pharmacokinetic limitations such as low oral bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and limited brain exposure, alongside strategies including structural modification, brain-targeted delivery systems, and gut microbiota modulation. Despite promising preclinical evidence, clinical translation remains limited. Future research priorities should focus on direct target validation, network pharmacology, optimized formulations, and well-designed clinical trials to develop lignans into next-generation anti-aging and anti-AD therapeutics. Full article

Poor adherence to prolonged antibiotic regimens remains a major challenge in the treatment and prevention of chronic infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. Transdermal drug delivery systems capable of sustained antibiotic release may improve therapeutic compliance while reducing the need for frequent oral administration. In this study, electrospun polymeric membranes based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) were developed as transdermal rifampicin delivery platforms. Homogeneous nanofibrous membranes with average fiber diameters of approximately 250 nm were successfully fabricated and exhibited efficient drug incorporation while preserving the structural integrity of the polymeric matrix. The electrospun membranes retained sufficient tensile strength and dimensional stability after accelerated temperature–humidity aging, supporting their stability during storage, handling, and application. In vitro cytotoxicity and biocompatibility assays using primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) demonstrated that the developed systems did not induce significant cytotoxic or pro-inflammatory responses. Transdermal permeation studies using an in vitro mouse skin model demonstrated sustained rifampicin diffusion for at least 72 h. Importantly, the antibiotic recovered after skin permeation preserved antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra and Mycobacterium bovis BCG, confirming that rifampicin maintained its biological functionality after electrospinning and transdermal migration. Overall, these findings demonstrate the potential of electrospun PLA/PCL membranes as stable and biocompatible transdermal antibiotic delivery systems capable of sustained release and preservation of antimicrobial activity. This proof-of-concept study supports the translational potential of electrospun polymeric platforms for controlled antibiotic delivery in long-term infectious disease therapies. Full article

Background/Objectives: Diabetes is associated with impaired wound healing, with consequences for tissue recovery across surgical procedures. In the oral context, hyaluronic acid-based adjunctive therapies have shown promise in improving early post-extraction healing in diabetes; however, clinical evidence remains limited. Different supplemented HA-based formulations yield heterogenous healing outcomes. Moreover, whether age or diabetes duration influences the effect of these adjunctive therapies remains to be established. Methods: We conducted an individual-participant-data pooled analysis of two randomized controlled trials that evaluated the use of hyaluronic acid supplemented with two different sets of selected amino acids; individual data from each trial was combined into a single dataset. Results: In this pooled analysis, modified healing index scores improved significantly over time. When each intervention was evaluated relative to its corresponding control, hyaluronic acid plus six pro-collagen synthesis amino acids produced a significantly greater improvement in healing response over time than the other HA-based formulation, after adjustment for age (Greenhouse–Geisser: time × treatment: F = 5.821, p < 0.001) and diabetes duration (Greenhouse–Geisser: time × treatment: F = 4.939, p < 0.001). Neither age nor diabetes duration significantly modified the healing trajectory (Greenhouse–Geisser: time × age: F = 2.536, p = 0.083; time × diabetes duration: F = 0.131, p = 0.878). No clear association with age or diabetes duration was observed. Conclusions: Supplementing hyaluronic acid with six selected amino acids associated with a significantly faster post-extraction tissue recovery in patients with diabetes. Moreover, treatment choice was relevant regardless of age or years since diabetes diagnosis. Full article

Background/Objectives: Access to dental care is a multilevel challenge shaped by healthcare systems, individual characteristics, and broader social determinants. This study aimed to identify parent-reported barriers to dental care among a sample of children in Saudi Arabia using Levesque’s Conceptual Framework for Access to Healthcare. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between March and April 2023 among parents of children aged 1–18 years. The 44-item survey assessed sociodemographic, oral health, and dental care utilization, organized using Levesque’s access dimensions. Difficulty accessing needed dental care within the past 12 months served as the main outcome. The chi-square test was used to examine bivariate associations between potential barriers and difficulty accessing needed dental care. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with difficulty accessing needed dental care after adjustment for the other variables. Results: This study included 351 parents. The mean age of children was 10.7 ± 4.7 years, and 45.9% were male. One-third of parents reported difficulty accessing needed dental care for their children. The adjusted regression model identified fair/poor oral health (aOR = 13.39, 95% CI: 6.19–28.97), general health condition (aOR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.11–4.82), and the absence of a nearby dental clinic (aOR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.11–3.90) as factors independently associated with difficulty accessing dental care. Conclusions: Applying Levesque’s framework highlighted the multidimensional nature of barriers to accessing dental care for the study population. These findings provide preliminary evidence on parent-reported access barriers and may inform larger, representative studies and future policies to improve equitable pediatric oral healthcare in alignment with Saudi Vision 2030. Full article

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dietary intake-guided precision nutrition interventions, derived from AI-driven food intake monitoring, improve cognitive function and electroencephalographic (EEG) biomarkers in older adults receiving long-term care. Methods: A total of 108 adults aged ≥50 years were recruited from five long-term care facilities. The study included 4 weeks of AI-driven dietary data collection, 2 weeks of data analysis and participant grouping, and 4 weeks of targeted nutritional intervention. Dietary intake was assessed using an AI-based food scanner. Anthropometric measures, biochemical markers, nutritional and cognitive questionnaires, and EEG were evaluated at baseline and postintervention. Participants were classified into three groups based on nutrient intake: “severely inadequate,” “marginally inadequate,” and “adequate.” Tailored food-based interventions, including nut mixes, senior-friendly meat products, and oral nutritional supplements, were provided according to group classification. Results: Energy intake increased in all groups. Nutritional status and cognitive function improved primarily in the severely inadequate group, while favorable EEG changes were observed across all groups. Changes in dietary composition and lipid profiles were observed in the “adequate” group, whereas the “marginally inadequate” group showed no significant changes. Conclusions: AI-based monitoring and nutritional intervention may improve nutritional status, cognitive-related outcomes, and EEG biomarkers in older adults receiving long-term care, supporting the potential of precision nutrition approaches in this population. Clinical Trial Registration KCT0009558 (CRIS, Republic of Korea). Full article