Search Results (5,641)

Open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVSS) aims to achieve pixel-level object segmentation guided by arbitrary natural language descriptions. Although pre-trained vision–language models (VLMs) have significantly advanced the development of OVSS, their reliance on the Vision Transformer (ViT) architecture imposes a fundamental constraint on dense prediction. Specifically, the absence of hierarchical downsampling in ViT-based VLM results in single-scale representations that trade spatial localization for global semantics. To address these issues, this paper proposes a hierarchical boundary-constrained decoding network for OVSS, called CLIP-HBD. Our approach leverages VLM semantic priors to reconstruct multi-scale features and introduces a boundary-constrained decoding strategy to refine edge details. Specifically, CLIP-HBD leverages a ConvNeXt-based backbone alongside a hierarchical adaptation mechanism to fuse multi-layer VLM features, generating a comprehensive multi-scale representation. To address the issue of boundary inaccuracy, we perform explicit boundary prediction based on multi-scale representations, where the resulting boundary maps are subsequently transformed into structural constraints to steer the decoder’s focus toward boundary regions. By integrating structural constraints with hierarchical features, the decoding process effectively maintains semantic consistency and restores precise object boundaries. Extensive experiments demonstrate that CLIP-HBD achieves superior performance in both segmentation precision and boundary quality across multiple benchmarks. Full article

In Latin America and the Caribbean, the circular economy approach is embedded in productive structures characterized by a dependence on natural resources and the persistence of informal economies. The general objective of this article is to analyze the circular economy as an approach to production and consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean through a bibliometric and qualitative analysis of scientific literature. This study adopted a mixed, descriptive, and analytical research design. International and regional databases (Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, and Redalyc) were used to identify articles published between 2015 and 2025. The selection process followed the PRISMA protocol, resulting in a final qualitative analysis of 47 articles. The results reveal an accelerated and sustained growth in scientific production in the region, with a maximum increase of 250% in 2017, indicating a progressive consolidation of the field. The documentary corpus consists mainly of original articles (65%), with a clear preeminence of environmental sciences, engineering, and energy. Qualitatively, the literature shows a conceptual heterogeneity that adapts the circular economy to sustainable development and industrial ecology, uniquely incorporating grassroots recyclers and cooperatives into a “just transition.” However, there is evidence of an implementation gap: while large industries are making progress in eco-design and remanufacturing, adoption in SMEs and responsible consumption—especially in repair and reuse—remains at incipient levels due to structural and cultural limitations. Ultimately, the results suggest a growing concentration of circular economy research within selected Latin American institutions, indicating the emergence of regionally grounded research agendas that may differ in emphasis from dominant Global North framings. Full article

Background: The importance of evidence-based practice (EBP) is well recognized, yet its implementation remains challenging across healthcare systems, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where resource constraints, workforce turnover, and organizational barriers can hinder practice change. The traditional approach to implementation has focused on training, guidelines, and leadership support; however, these strategies do not always sustain frontline staff engagement. Objective: This descriptive case study examined how social movement strategies supported a multi-year EBP implementation initiative within a Philippine academic–clinical partnership. Methods: Program documents, training records, implementation reports, curriculum materials, and internal records of guideline-related activities were reviewed. Data were organized using the Social Movement Action Framework, with attention to preconditions for change, social movement mechanisms, and implementation outcomes. Results: The initiative included champion training, guideline integration, awareness activities, academic–clinical collaboration, and practice-focused implementation efforts related to breastfeeding, vascular access device management, and pressure injury prevention. These activities provided observable process indicators of stakeholder engagement, shared ownership, and continued use of guideline-informed practices. Conclusions: Social movement strategies may offer a useful complementary lens for understanding how EBP implementation gains momentum in real-world healthcare settings. Additional studies should explore their relationship to implementation outcomes and clinical care processes. Full article

Objective: In this study, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA-induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) mice were used as models to evaluate the improvement effect of Vitexin (Vit) on ovarian fibrosis and explore the mechanism of action of the NR4A1/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Method: Sixty 4-week-old female ICR mice of the same batch number were selected and their systems were divided into 6 groups (n = 10): normal (Control, Ctrl) group, model (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, PCOS) group, treatment (Vitexin, The Vit group, normal NR4A1 gene silencing group (Ctrl NR4A1^-/-), NR4A1 gene silencing model group (PCOS NR4A1^-/-), and NR4A1 gene silencing treatment group (Vit NR4A1^-/-). Silencing gene modeling was performed by tail vein injection of adeno-associated virus (serotype AAV-8), and the mouse genotypes were detected by qRT-PCR technology 14 days after injection. After the genotype was determined, the PCOS group and the PCOS NR4A1^-/- group were administered dehydroepandrosterone (6 mg/100 g/d) by gavage for 28 consecutive days for modeling, while the Vit group and the Vit NR4A1^-/- group were treated with dehydroepandrosterone + vitexin (10 mg/kg/d) by gavage for 28 consecutive days. All mice were raised with pure water and regular maintenance food. After 4 weeks of drug intervention, the mice were euthanized and samples were collected. The pathological changes in ovarian tissue were observed by H&E staining, and the degree of ovarian tissue fibrosis was observed by Masson staining. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in mouse serum were detected by biochemical kits. The levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α) in mouse serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect oxidative kinase (Gsta4, Prdx3, Mgst1, Gpx3, Gsr), inflammatory factors (Nlrp3, Caspase-1, Asc, Il-1β, Il-18, Tnf-α) and fibrotic pathway-related genes (Tgf-β1, Smad3, Collagen1, CTGF, α-SMA, Mmp-13, and β-catenin) in ovarian tissues. The levels of inflammatory factors (NLRP3, Caspase-1, ASC, IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, IκBα) and fibrosis in mice were determined by Western blot method, and statistical description and analysis were performed using SPSS software. Result: In the wild-type genotype group, compared with the PCOS group, Vit treatment could effectively regulate the metabolic abnormalities of PCOS mice, including inhibiting excessive weight gain, restoring normal glucose tolerance, and reducing body fat content. After Vit treatment, the levels of MDA, TC, TG, LDL, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 and TNF-α in the serum of PCOS mice were significantly reduced, while the levels of SOD and HDL in the serum of PCOS mice were increased. The staining results indicated that Vit treatment could significantly inhibit the process of ovarian fibrosis in PCOS mice. The results of WB and PCR demonstrated that after Vit gavage treatment in mice, inflammatory and fibrotic factors such as Nlrp3, Caspase-1, Asc, Il-1β, Il-18, Tgf-β1, Smad3, Collagen1, CTGF, and α-SMA in ovarian tissues could be significantly down-regulated, and the fibrotic level of ovarian tissues could be reduced. Among the same measurement indicators, the silenced NR4A1 group showed a certain degree of increase compared with the wild genotype group, but there was no significant difference. Conclusions: Vit intervention can restore the sex hormone levels and follicular development in ovarian tissues of PCOS mice, regulate reproductive endocrine disorders and abnormal lipid metabolism levels, and regulate the expression of Collagen I, a-SMA and CTGF in the ovaries by inhibiting the NR4A1/NLRP3 signaling pathway, thereby improving the ovarian fibrosis level of PCOS mice. It is suggested that it may play a key role in the treatment of PCOS and the prevention and delay of its long-term complications. Full article

Background/Objectives: Simulation-based education is increasingly used in health sciences to promote active learning and the development of clinical and non-technical skills. However, its implementation in undergraduate dental education remains limited. This study aimed to explore dental students’ perceptions of the Self-Learning Methodology in Simulated Environments (MAES©) applied to high-fidelity simulation. Methods: A mixed-methods, cross-sectional pilot study was conducted with 80 fourth-year dental students enrolled in a Pediatric Dentistry course at a Spanish university. Quantitative data were collected using a validated satisfaction questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.905), and descriptive statistics were performed. Qualitative data were obtained through open-ended questions and analyzed using inductive content analysis. Results: Students reported high levels of satisfaction, motivation, and perceived learning, with mean scores above 8.5 out of 10 across all evaluated dimensions. The facilitator’s role received the highest ratings. Qualitative analysis identified four main themes: perceived advantages of the methodology, increased engagement and participation, the value of structured debriefing, and areas for improvement related to group dynamics and performance-related stress. Conclusions: The MAES© methodology was well received and perceived as a feasible approach in dental simulation-based education. It may support student-centered learning, collaboration, and reflective practice, providing practical guidance for educators interested in implementing active learning strategies. As an exploratory pilot study conducted in a single institution, these findings should be interpreted cautiously and warrant further research. Full article

The organized integration of research competencies into nursing curricula is still a global challenge and is key for preparing professionals to respond to complex clinical contexts, technological advancements, and contemporary societal demands. At the School of Health of the Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, a longitudinal research axis was implemented across the four years of the undergraduate nursing program, involving epistemological foundations, the research process, evidence-based practice, and applied practice. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the design and implementation of the longitudinal axis of research, analyzing institutional indicators of academic success and the progressive development of students’ scientific competencies. Methods: A descriptive documentary study based on institutional data analysis (the number of enrolled students, pass rates, and mean grades in the four research-related curricular units) was conducted, complemented by a review of pedagogical materials produced (two published course booklets: “Research I—From the origin to the dissemination of knowledge” and “Research II—(De)Constructing the Research Process: A Critical and Practical Analysis”) and evidence of scientific dissemination (conference presentations and published articles). Results: A continuous progression in academic performance was observed across the research curricular units, accompanied by increased complexity of student work and enhanced scientific literacy. The sequential structure proved essential: the articulation of epistemology, methodology, critical appraisal, and scientific production demonstrated strong coherence and pedagogical efficiency. Conclusions: The longitudinal research axis constitutes a curricular innovation that strengthens essential scientific competencies in undergraduate nursing education. Longitudinal models that reflect both conceptual and practical progression can significantly contribute to the development of nurses who are critical thinkers, reflective practitioners, and capable of integrating evidence into clinical decision-making. Full article

Background/objectives: With the rapid expansion of Internet-based health information, individuals increasingly rely on digital sources to obtain medical knowledge and manage their health. Health literacy plays a critical role in determining how effectively individuals access, understand, and utilize such information. This study aimed to examine the association between subjective health perception and health information literacy-related indicators among Korean adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized secondary data from the 2019 “Health Information Literacy Improvement Study” conducted by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. A total of 1000 adults aged 19–69 years were included in the analysis. Participants were categorized into three groups according to subjective health perception (good, normal, and poor). Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were conducted to examine differences. In addition, multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with subjective health perception. Results: Participants with better subjective health perception reported fewer chronic diseases (p < 0.001), healthier dietary behaviors (p < 0.001), and more frequent health information seeking (p = 0.023). They also reported greater ease in finding and understanding health information (p < 0.001). Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that health information literacy-related factors, including information-seeking behavior and the ability to evaluate information reliability, were significantly associated with subjective health perception. Individuals with fewer chronic diseases and healthier behaviors were less likely to report poor subjective health. Conclusions: Subjective health perception was significantly associated with multiple health information literacy-related indicators and health-seeking behaviors. These findings highlight the importance of improving health information literacy-related competencies to support informed health decision-making and promote positive health perceptions. Full article

Objective: This study aimed to assess practicing dentists’ knowledge, attitudes, and self-confidence regarding knowledge about oral manifestations of haematological disorders and interpretation of blood count (BC) tests. Materials and Methods: An online survey was sent to all practicing dentists via email addresses registered with the Dental Chamber. The questionnaire collected sociodemographic data and assessed knowledge of hematological diseases, their oral manifestations, and BC interpretation, as well as dentists’ attitudes toward interdisciplinary collaboration and perceived need for continuing education. In the knowledge section, some questions required a single correct answer, while most allowed multiple selections. For multiple-choice items, any incorrect choice made the response incorrect; responses were partially correct if accurate but incomplete and fully correct only when all correct options were selected. Statistical analysis was performed with p < 0.05. Descriptive statistics, Shapiro–Wilk, Kruskal–Wallis H, Mann–Whitney U, and independent-samples t-tests were used. Results: A total of 308 dentists responded, representing only 7.6% of the national dental workforce. While most recognized the relevance of BC tests and systemic disease indicators in oral health, knowledge gaps were substantial. The mean score on knowledge items was low (2.81 ± 1.52 out of 11), with only 1.3% dentists achieving seven or more correct answers. Interestingly, dentists with higher self-reported confidence in interpreting BC tests had lower knowledge scores, suggesting a potential Dunning-Kruger effect. Knowledge did not differ by specialization or postgraduate education, likely reflecting limited curricular coverage, but was more strongly associated with clinical experience, practice location, and patient load. Most respondents (96.1%) expressed strong interest in further education on the topic. Conclusions: Targeted education and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential to overcome gaps and enhance knowledge and diagnostic accuracy in oral manifestations of blood diseases and BC interpretation. Full article

Background/Objectives: Neuroblastoma is the most frequent solid tumor outside the brain in children and is associated with unfavorable outcomes in high-risk patients. Tannic acid, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, has been reported to exhibit anticancer activity; however, its molecular effects in neuroblastoma remain incompletely characterized. The present study aimed to evaluate the antiproliferative effects of tannic acid in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and to explore its potential associations with Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling and selected microRNAs in an exploratory and correlative manner. Methods: Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay, which showed that tannic acid was associated with reduced cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Changes in the expression of TLR-related genes and selected microRNAs were analyzed by real-time PCR. TLR-4, NF-κB, and Caspase-3 protein concentrations were determined using ELISA assays. Results: Tannic acid treatment was associated with decreased expression of several TLR genes, with statistically significant reductions observed in TLR2, TLR4, and TLR7. Consistently, protein analyses indicated reduced NF-κB levels. MicroRNA analysis revealed a tendency toward increased expression of hsa-miR-146a-5p, whereas no significant changes were detected in other examined microRNAs. Conclusions: Overall, these findings suggest that tannic acid exhibits antiproliferative activity in SH-SY5Y cells and is associated with alterations in TLR-related gene expression and microRNA profiles. However, these observations are descriptive and correlative in nature and do not establish direct mechanistic relationships. Further in vivo and functional studies are required to validate these findings and to clarify their potential biological and therapeutic relevance. Full article

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease. Numerous risk factors might cause DED, including indoor air pollution, such as incense. Incense (Bakhoor) is widely used in many cultures, including Saudi Arabia, although its smoke contains toxic chemicals that pose serious health hazards. This research investigates the link between the Schirmer II test and tear fluid proteins in DED patients. The study focuses on identifying the ocular examinations, hypothesizing that incense smoke, particularly from synthetic types, exacerbates DED. Methods: This pilot cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Participants were recruited from the Cornea and Ophthalmology Clinics. Eye assessments analyzed tear protein concentrations, including tear collection using Schirmer II test strips and tear break-up time (TBUT). The study included DED patients who used incense. Tear fluid from the Schirmer test of 20 randomly selected patients was used for protein analysis of total protein, lactoferrin, and Immunoglobulin E. Inclusion criteria were male and female subjects aged 18 years or older, diagnosed with DED, and using incense. The sample size was 55 participants, selected via convenience sampling. Subjective data were collected through questionnaires, as well as objective data from the tear test and the sample and analyzed with SPSS. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used, with statistical significance set at p-value < 0.05. Results: The Ocular Comfort Index (OCI) categories showed that 21.8% had no symptoms, 40.0% had low symptoms, 30.9% had moderate symptoms, and 7.3% reported high symptoms. TBUT values and Schirmer test scores decreased with increasing OCI severity, with no statistical significance. The mean (SD) of total protein in the right and left eyes for high OCI was 7.19 (1.39) and 7.42 (0.91), respectively, with no statistical significance. The immunoglobulin E levels in the right and left eyes for high OCI were 301.71 (55.97) and 301.71 (47.14), respectively, with no statistical significance. The mean (SD) of lactoferrin in the right and left eyes for high OCI was 163.77 (10.42) and 159.43 (1.68), respectively, with no statistical significance. Conclusions: The study findings demonstrate alignment in incense-using patients between subjective OCI symptom scores and objective clinical diagnostic measures. Specifically, higher OCI scores are associated with lower TBUT and Schirmer II test values, as well as changes in tear biomarkers such as IgE and lactoferrin. These findings emphasize the potential of using simple screening methods combined with bioanalytical markers for early detection of ocular surface disease. This highlights the potential health risks associated with incense exposure, particularly for individuals predisposed to DED. The urgency for further research to explore the long-term effects of incense on ocular health and to raise awareness about its potential impact on populations with high incense usage cannot be overstated. Full article

Background/Objectives: Drug-induced hypersensitivity and cardiotoxicity are important yet often underrecognized clinical concerns, and fluoroquinolones are widely used antibiotics with well-documented safety issues. Given the limited systematic evidence and underreporting in pharmacovigilance databases, this study explored a potential association between fluoroquinolones and Kounis syndrome (KS) and the possibility of a class-related effect. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study analyzed individual case safety reports from VigiBase, complemented by published case reports to capture additional cases not recorded in the database. All fluoroquinolones reported as suspected drugs in KS cases were included, and a systematic search of major literature databases was undertaken to identify further case-level evidence. Quantitative data were explored using VigiLyze, while qualitative clinical data were extracted for case characterization. Literature cases underwent Naranjo assessment, and the overall body of evidence was evaluated using a qualitative Bradford Hill framework. Results: A descriptive disproportionality signal for fluoroquinolones was identified in VigiBase (IC₀₂₅ = 1.3). Seventeen cases of fluoroquinolone-associated KS were identified across VigiBase and the published literature, all originating from unsolicited sources. Most cases involved ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, whereas other fluoroquinolones were only rarely reported. Across cases, a consistent clinical pattern was observed, including a clear temporal relationship between drug exposure, allergic manifestations, and acute coronary events, compatible with hypersensitivity-mediated coronary involvement. Conclusions: KS cases associated with several fluoroquinolones were identified in pharmacovigilance data and the published literature, with the most consistent evidence observed for ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Although a class effect was not confirmed, a potential association cannot be excluded. These findings should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating, and further research is required to clarify underlying mechanisms, drug-specific risks, and clinical relevance. Full article

Background/objective: The Immunisation Agenda 2030, led by the World Health Organization, aims to ensure that people of all ages benefit from vaccination. South Africa remains committed to these goals, strengthening childhood immunisation largely through the Expanded Programme on Immunisation. However, despite progress, the number of unvaccinated and partially vaccinated children continues to rise in some urban settings. This study sought to identify barriers to childhood immunisation in selected zero-dose urban communities in Gauteng Province. Methods: A qualitative exploratory–descriptive design was used to examine factors influencing childhood immunisation. Data were collected through seven focus group discussions and fifteen key informant interviews with purposively selected caregivers, community leaders, community health workers and healthcare workers involved in routine immunisation services at public healthcare facilities across the Cities of Johannesburg, Ekurhuleni, and Tshwane. Thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo^® software. Results: The study identified multiple demand-side and supply-side barriers. Demand-side barriers included limited parental knowledge, lack of trust in the government and immunisation services, religious beliefs, migration, and perceptions of caregiver substance use. Supply-side barriers involved distance to the facility, negative healthcare worker attitudes, long queues and waiting times, and frequent vaccine stock-outs. These barriers collectively contributed to missed opportunities and decreased uptake of immunisation services. Conclusions: Childhood immunisation remains a critical and cost-effective public health intervention. The findings demonstrate the complex interplay of individual and system-level factors influencing vaccine demand, uptake and persistent zero-dose status in urban Gauteng communities. Addressing these barriers requires a comprehensive approach that strengthens community trust, improves caregiver vaccine literacy, and ensures accessible, responsive, and respectful immunisation services. Full article

Due to limited knowledge regarding the diversity of parasitic helminths of the common gundi (Ctenodactylus gundi), we have undertaken a helminthological survey of the gundi in Southern Tunisia. A total of 125 gundis were analysed with the main objective of providing more complete descriptions of their parasitic helminths. Among them, two nematodes, namely Ctenodactylina tunetae Bernard, 1969 (Pharyngodonidae) and Hilgertia hilgerti (Seurat, 1915) (Oxyuridae), were recovered from the large intestine and caecum. Morphological and morphometric analyses of both species were carried out using light microscopy and, for the first time, scanning electron microscopy. These nematodes were found in the large intestine and caecum with prevalences of 28.80% for C. tunetae and 55.20% for H. hilgerti. Moreover, both nematodes usually coinfect gundis, with 22.40% of hosts harbouring both species simultaneously. Our morphological and morphometric results are compared with those of previous studies. One of the most interesting results concerns the sexual dimorphism at a buccal level observed in C. tunetae, related to cephalic papillae (rounded in males; rectangular in females), lip lobes (bilobed in males; trilobed in females), and oesophageal teeth (semiarc-shaped in males; double semiarc-shaped in females). In conclusion, this study provides further knowledge of these two nematodes, as well as novel data regarding the sexual dimorphism present at the oral level. Full article

Background/Objectives: Pharmacists play an essential role in healthcare delivery across Europe, yet growing professional demands, organisational constraints, and evolving practice models may negatively affect job satisfaction and professional fulfilment. This study aimed to evaluate job satisfaction and professional perception among pharmacists across multiple European countries and to identify sociodemographic and workplace-related factors associated with these outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted between October 2023 and January 2024 among licensed pharmacists from 17 European countries. Eligible participants were pharmacists employed in community pharmacies, hospitals, clinical pharmacy services, or the pharmaceutical industry. The questionnaire, developed and administered in English, collected sociodemographic and professional data and included two composite measures: the Job Satisfaction Scale (12 items) and the Pharmacist Professional Perception Scale (6 items). Responses were recorded using 5-point Likert scales. Descriptive statistics and inferential analyses were performed using SPSS version 27.0. Results: A total of 789 pharmacists participated (median age 40 years; 80.1% female). The mean job satisfaction score was 3.26 (SD 0.88), with the lowest scores related to staffing adequacy and salary, and the highest to collegial relationships. The mean professional perception score was 3.08 (SD 0.81), indicating moderate perceived professional recognition. Significant associations were identified between both scales and workplace setting, income level, employment status, geographical region, education, and professional experience (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In this multi-country convenience sample, pharmacists reported moderate levels of job satisfaction and professional perception, with variation across workplace and sociodemographic factors. These findings should be interpreted cautiously, as the sample is not representative of all European pharmacists; however, they suggest that staffing conditions, remuneration, professional recognition, and career development opportunities may be relevant areas for further investigation and policy attention. Full article

Background/Objectives: Genetic generalized epilepsies (GGE) often remit in childhood, yet a subset of adults remain pharmacoresistant with substantial morbidity. The genetic basis of adult pharmacoresistant GGE is poorly defined. This descriptive study used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to identify recurrent coding variants and pathways associated with pharmacoresistant adult GGE. Methods: WGS was performed in ten racially diverse adults (mean age 37.2 years; range 20–52) with electroencephalographically confirmed, pharmacoresistant GGE (mean onset 13.7 years). Analysis prioritized variants present in at least 80% of participants and which were either (i) missense variants predicted deleterious with ANNOVAR or (ii) loss-of-function variants predicted high-impact from snpEff. Pathway enrichment and overlap with a commercial clinical epilepsy gene panel were assessed. Results: Filtering identified 133 unique, deleterious coding variants across 69 genes shared by at least eight participants. Four genes (APOL4, KMT2C, SON, VDR) overlapped a clinical epilepsy panel, supporting the capacity of WGS to recover clinically relevant loci. Prioritized loci implicated gastrointestinal and metabolic regulators (e.g., MUC6, PNLIPRP2), chemosensory receptors (OR10D3, OR8U1, TAS2R19), neuroimmune mediators (LILRA2, SIGLEC12, OAS2), and ion transporters (KCNJ12, P2RX5, RHBG), consistent with multifactorial mechanisms of pharmacoresistance. Conclusions: This exploratory WGS study focused exclusively on adults with pharmacoresistant GGE, revealing shared high-impact variants and convergent pathways spanning absorption/metabolism, vitamin D signaling, immunity, and ion transport. Findings broaden the genetic landscape of pharmacoresistant GGE while motivating validation in larger, multiethnic cohorts. Full article