Objective measurement of the rate of synthesis of breast milk and fat in breastfeeding mothers requires test-weighing of each breastfeed and the measurement of each expression from each breast over 24 h, with the collection of milk samples before and...
Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) belong to a family of nuclear transcription factors. The question of which is the most important positive regulator in milk fat synthesis in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells (DCMECs) between SREBP...
Milk fat is an important nutritional component and flavor substance in dairy products. Its content and composition directly affect the nutritional value, processing characteristics, and economic benefits of dairy products. Therefore, an in-depth expl...
Milk fat synthesis in dairy cows is a complex process affected by ruminal fermentation, systemic metabolism, and mammary gland activity. To explore the metabolic interplay across these systems, a multi-tissue metabolomics approach (rumen fluid, plasm...
The SCD is a rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) in dairy cows; however, its role in the mammary gland of buffalo is not well understood. In this study, we isolated and characterized the complete c...
Exploring functional genes/sites and the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying milk production traits in dairy cattle is crucial for improving the development of the dairy industry and human health. In our previous work, the gene collagen type V...
The ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) serves crucial roles in secreting riboflavin and biotin vitamins into the milk of cattle, mice, and humans, as well as in the transportation of xenotoxic and cytostatic drugs across the plasma mem...
Milk fat, a key nutritional component of milk, not only supplies energy and immune protection for offspring but also serves as a critical quality indicator for goat milk. Sirt7, one of the least studied members of the Sirtuins family, has been shown...
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is a variety of oligosaccharides, and it is also the only abundant basic amino oligosaccharide in natural polysaccharides. Chitosan oligosaccharide is a low molecular weight product of chitosan after enzymatic degradati...
Leptin (LEP), a protein hormone well-known for its role in metabolic regulation, has recently been linked to lipid metabolism in cattle. However, its function in buffalo mammary glands remains unclear. To address this issue, we isolated and identifie...
The nutritional value of cow milk mainly depends on its fatty acid content and protein composition. The identification of genes controlling milk production traits and their regulatory mechanisms is particularly important for accelerating genetic prog...
Milk, known for its high content of short- and medium-chain fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids, has attracted substantial attention due to its nutritional and health value. The regulation of fatty acid metabolism by non-coding RNAs has become a...
Milk is rich in a variety of essential nutrients, including fats, proteins, and trace elements that are important for human health. In particular, milk fat has an alleviating effect on diseases such as heart disease and diabetes. Fatty acids, the bas...
Milk fat synthesis in cows mainly includes the synthesis of short- and medium-chain fatty acids, the uptake, transport, and activation of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), the synthesis of triglycerides, and the synthesis of the genes, transcription fa...
Ubiquitination modifications permit the degradation of labelled target proteins with the assistance of proteasomes and lysosomes, which is the main protein degradation pathway in eukaryotic cells. Polyubiquitination modifications of proteins can also...
In addition to its association with milk protein synthesis via the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway, JAK2 also affects milk fat synthesis. However, to date, there have been no reports on the effect of J...
Milk fat is the main nutritional component of milk and is also an important indicator for evaluating milk quality. Substantial evidence has implicated miRNAs in the synthesis of milk fat. miR-143 is one of the miRNAs closely related to lipid metaboli...
Background: In a prior experiment, treatment of goats with the putative PPARγ agonist 2,4-thiazolidinedione (2,4-TZD) did not affect milk fat or expression of milk-fat related genes. The lack of response was possibly due to deficiency of vitami...
The present study was conducted to analyze the correlation between the milk fat content of Binglangjiang buffaloes and their microbial and host metabolites. The 10 buffaloes with the highest milk fat content (HF, 5.60 ± 0.61%) and the 10 with...
Milk fat is the foremost nutrient of milk and a vital indicator in evaluating milk quality. Accumulating evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the synthesis of milk fat. The miR-200c is closely related to lipid metabolism, but lit...
Background: In the bovine mammary gland, de novo fatty acid synthesis is a critical process for milk fat production, in which acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) serves as a key enzyme by converting acetate into acetyl-CoA. This metabolic pathway is intr...
The mammary gland of the cow is particularly susceptible to infections of a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The endotoxins of these pathogenic bacteria include peptidoglycan (PGN), lipoteich...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short endogenous non-coding RNAs and play important roles in regulating mammary development and activities of ovine mammary epithelial cells (OMECs), which affect the milk yield and milk ingredient contents of ewes. We previous...
The composition and metabolic profile of the ruminal microbiome have an impact on milk composition. To unravel the ruminal microbiome and metabolome affecting milk fat synthesis in dairy cows, 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene seque...
It was shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the synthesis of milk fat; thus, this manuscript evaluated whether exogenous miRNA (xeno-miRNAs) from alfalfa could influence the milk fat content in dairy cows. At first, mtr-miR168b was...
Considering the synergistic effect of pantothenate and thiamine on the regulation of energy metabolism, this study investigated the influences of coated calcium pantothenate (CCP) and coated thiamine (CT) on milk production and composition, nutrients...
The rumen contains abundant microorganisms that aid in the digestion of lignocellulosic feed and are associated with host phenotype traits. Cows with extremely high milk protein and fat percentages (HPF; n = 3) and low milk protein and fat percentage...
In this study, the expression profiles of miR-148a were constructed in eight different ovine tissues, including mammary gland tissue, during six different developmental periods. The effect of miR-148a on the viability, proliferation, and milk fat syn...
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is a cytokine-induced negative feedback-loop regulator of cytokine signaling. More and more evidence has proved it to be an inhibitor of signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5). Here, we...
Acetate is naturally produced in the rumen through feed degradation and fermentation. It serves as a primary energy source for ruminants and as a key substrate for de novo fatty acid synthesis in the mammary gland. The interaction of exogenous acetat...
A prior study in bovine mammary (MACT) cells indicated that long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) C16:0 and C18:0, but not unsaturated LCFA, control transcription of milk fat-related genes partly via the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated recept...
Carbon dots (CDs) are carbon-based zero-dimensional nanomaterials that can be prepared from a number of organic precursors. In this research, they are prepared using fat-free UHT cow milk through the hydrothermal method. FTIR analysis shows C=O and C...
Although the inclusion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in ruminants’ diets appears to be a well-documented strategy to enrich milk with PUFAs, several gene networks that regulate milk synthesis and mammary gland homeostasis could be impa...
Acetate is a precursor substance for fatty acid synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs), and the mTOR signaling pathway plays an important role in milk fat synthesis. However, the mechanism of the regulatory effects of acetate on lipogen...
During triacylglycerol synthesis, the acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT) family catalyzes the conversion of lysophosphatidic acid to phosphatidic acid and the acylation of sn-2 fatty acids. However, the catalytic activity of different A...
Human milk fat (HMF) triacylglycerols (TAGs) mainly contain palmitic acid esterified at the sn-2 position while oleic and other unsaturated fatty acids are located at positions sn-1,3. This study aimed at the production of HMF substitutes (HMFS) by l...
Bovine milk fat is distinguished by a high proportion of short and medium chain fatty acids, a profile that mammary epithelial cells (MEC) fail to reproduce in vitro. When considering culturing MEC as a source for alternative dairy products, this fai...
Milk fatty acid (FA) synthesis and enteric methanogenesis share common biochemical pathways related to rumen fermentation patterns and microbial volatile FA production. The FA profile of milk is known to correlate with methane (CH4) emissions; thus,...
The concentration of bovine milk fat changes regularly with lactation stages. In particular, milk fat percentage is higher in late lactation than mid lactation. Furthermore, milk fat composition is highly subject to a few genes. Thus, transcriptome s...
Feeding linseed to dairy cows results in milk fat depression (MFD), but there is a wide range of sensitivity among cows. The objectives of this study were to identify target genes containing SNP that may play a key role in the regulation of milk fat...
Human milk synthesis is impacted by maternal diet, serum composition, and substrate uptake and synthesis by mammary epithelial cells (MECs). The milk of obese/high-fat-diet women has an increased fat content, which promote excess infant weight gain a...
In lactating dairy cows, negative energy balance (NEB) induces metabolic shifts, including enhanced lipolysis, leading to elevated concentrations of free fatty acids (FFAs) in circulation. Metabolic changes affect milk fat synthesis and the character...
Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), or guanosine triphosphatase KRAS, is a proto-oncogene that encodes the small guanosine triphosphatase transductor protein. Previous studies have found that KRAS can promote cytokine secretion, cell c...
As a valuable nutrient in milk, fat accounts for a significant proportion of the energy requirements of ruminants and is largely responsible for determining milk quality. Fatty acids (FAs) are a pivotal component of milk fat. Conjugated linoleic acid...
This study investigated the regulatory mechanism of myristic acid on milk fat synthesis in cows. An association between myristic acid and high milk fat content in Zhongdian yaks’ guts was found through combined metagenomic and metabolomic analy...
Kisspeptins (Kps) play a key role in the regulation of GnRH axis and as an anti-metastasis agent by binding with GPR54. Recently, we observed that the expression of GPR54 was higher in the lactating mammary tissues of dairy cows with high-quality mil...
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the dominating endotoxin of Gram-negative bacteria, which can cause mastitis. Bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs), as major components of the mammary gland, usually suffer LPS challenge. Cis-9, trans-11 conjugated lino...
The growing demand for sustainable food systems has led to significant advancements in developing alternatives to animal-derived products. Dairy products are an important dietary source of proteins and fats; however, their production raises environme...
Consumers have shown more and more interest in high-quality and healthy dairy products and buffalo milk is commercially more viable than other milks in producing superior dairy products due to its higher contents of fat, crude protein, and total soli...
Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying milk production traits contribute to improving the production potential of dairy animals. Squalene epoxidase (SQLE) is one of the rate-limiting enzymes for cholesterol biosynthesis and was highly expres...
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