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20 pages, 1227 KiB  
Review
A Rapid Review of Ethical and Equity Dimensions in Telerehabilitation for Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy
by Mirella Veras, Jennifer Sigouin, Louis-Pierre Auger, Claudine Auger, Sara Ahmed, Zachary Boychuck, Sabrina Cavallo, Martine Lévesque, Stacey Lovo, William C. Miller, Michelle Nelson, Nahid Norouzi-Gheidari, Jennifer O’Neil, Kadija Perreault, Reg Urbanowski, Lisa Sheehy, Hardeep Singh, Claude Vincent, Rosalie H. Wang, Diana Zidarov, Anne Hudon and Dahlia Kairyadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(7), 1091; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22071091 - 9 Jul 2025
Viewed by 534
Abstract
Introduction: The rapid adoption of telerehabilitation in physiotherapy and occupational therapy has transformed healthcare delivery, offering new opportunities for patient-centered care. However, its implementation raises critical ethical and equity-related questions that require proactive strategies to ensure fair and responsible practices. This review examines [...] Read more.
Introduction: The rapid adoption of telerehabilitation in physiotherapy and occupational therapy has transformed healthcare delivery, offering new opportunities for patient-centered care. However, its implementation raises critical ethical and equity-related questions that require proactive strategies to ensure fair and responsible practices. This review examines how ethical disparities and equity-related challenges are reflected in the existing literature on telerehabilitation. Objective: To investigate the presence of ethical-disparity and equity-related aspects in the provision of telerehabilitation in physiotherapy and occupational therapy as reflected in the literature. Data Sources: A rapid review methodology was employed to explore ethical and equity-related challenges in telerehabilitation. The search included articles published in English and French between 2010 and 2023 from the Medline and Embase databases. Study Selection: Articles were selected based on their relevance to ethical and equity considerations in telerehabilitation. A total of 1750 sources were initially identified, with 67 articles meeting the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review. Data Extraction: Data were extracted based on variables such as age, gender, ethnicity, morbidity, cost, privacy, confidentiality, and autonomy. The data extraction and analysis were guided by the Progress Plus and Metaverse Equitable Rehabilitation Therapy frameworks. Data Synthesis: The findings were analyzed and discussed using a narrative synthesis approach. The results highlighted key ethical considerations, including adverse events, patient autonomy, and privacy issues. Equity-related aspects were examined, access to rehabilitation services and gender considerations. Disparities in technology access, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity were also identified. Conclusions: This rapid review highlights the growing relevance of ethical and equity considerations in the design and delivery of telerehabilitation within physiotherapy and occupational therapy. The findings show inconsistent reporting and limited depth in addressing key domains such as patient autonomy, privacy, and adverse events, alongside disparities related to age, gender, socioeconomic status, and geographic access. Although telerehabilitation holds promise for expanding access, particularly in underserved areas, this potential remains unevenly realized. The review underscores the critical need for structured, equity-driven, and ethically grounded frameworks such as the Metaverse Equitable Rehabilitation THerapy (MERTH) framework to guide future implementation, research, and policy. Full article
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34 pages, 2852 KiB  
Article
RACHEIM: Reinforced Reliable Computing in Cloud by Ensuring Restricted Access Control
by Urvashi Rahul Saxena and Rajan Kadel
Network 2025, 5(2), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/network5020019 - 9 Jun 2025
Viewed by 465
Abstract
Cloud computing has witnessed rapid growth and notable technological progress in recent years. Nevertheless, it is still regarded as being in its early developmental phase, with substantial potential remaining to be explored—particularly through integration with emerging technologies such as the Metaverse, Augmented Reality [...] Read more.
Cloud computing has witnessed rapid growth and notable technological progress in recent years. Nevertheless, it is still regarded as being in its early developmental phase, with substantial potential remaining to be explored—particularly through integration with emerging technologies such as the Metaverse, Augmented Reality (AR), and Virtual Reality (VR). As the number of service users increases, so does the demand for computational resources, leading data owners to outsource processing tasks to remote cloud servers. The internet-based delivery of cloud computing services consequently expands the attack surface and impacts the trust relationship between the service user and the service provider. To address these challenges, this study proposes a restricted access control framework based on homomorphic encryption (HE) and identity-based encryption (IBE) mechanisms. A formal analysis of the proposed model is also conducted under an unauthenticated communication model. Simulation results indicate that the proposed approach achieves a 20–40% reduction in encryption and decryption times, respectively, compared with existing state-of-the-art homomorphic encryption schemes. The simulation was performed using a 2048-bit key and data size, consistent with current industry standards, to improve key management efficiency. Additionally, the role-based hierarchy was implemented in a Salesforce cloud environment to ensure secure and restricted access control. Full article
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38 pages, 1247 KiB  
Article
AI Moderation and Legal Frameworks in Child-Centric Social Media: A Case Study of Roblox
by Mohamed Chawki
Laws 2025, 14(3), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/laws14030029 - 25 Apr 2025
Viewed by 6158
Abstract
This study focuses on Roblox as a case study to explore the legal and technical challenges of content moderation on child-focused social media platforms. As a leading Metaverse platform with millions of young users, Roblox provides immersive and interactive virtual experiences but also [...] Read more.
This study focuses on Roblox as a case study to explore the legal and technical challenges of content moderation on child-focused social media platforms. As a leading Metaverse platform with millions of young users, Roblox provides immersive and interactive virtual experiences but also introduces significant risks, including exposure to inappropriate content, cyberbullying, and predatory behavior. The research examines the shortcomings of current automated and human moderation systems, highlighting the difficulties of managing real-time user interactions and the sheer volume of user-generated content. It investigates cases of moderation failures on Roblox, exposing gaps in existing safeguards and raising concerns about user safety. The study also explores the balance between leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) for efficient content moderation and incorporating human oversight to ensure nuanced decision-making. Comparative analysis of moderation practices on platforms like TikTok and YouTube provides additional insights to inform improvements in Roblox’s approach. From a legal standpoint, the study critically assesses regulatory frameworks such as the GDPR, the EU Digital Services Act, and the UK’s Online Safety Act, analyzing their relevance to virtual platforms like Roblox. It emphasizes the pressing need for comprehensive international cooperation to address jurisdictional challenges and establish robust legal standards for the Metaverse. The study concludes with recommendations for improved moderation strategies, including hybrid AI-human models, stricter content verification processes, and tools to empower users. It also calls for legal reforms to redefine virtual harm and enhance regulatory mechanisms. This research aims to advance safe and respectful interactions in digital environments, stressing the shared responsibility of platforms, policymakers, and users in tackling these emerging challenges. Full article
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24 pages, 2596 KiB  
Article
The Metaverse Is Geospatial: A System Model Architecture Integrating Spatial Computing, Digital Twins, and Virtual Worlds
by Theofilos Papadopoulos, Konstantinos Evangelidis, Theodore H. Kaskalis and Georgios Evangelidis
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2025, 14(3), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14030126 - 10 Mar 2025
Viewed by 1612
Abstract
Virtual geographic environments long simulated real-world scenarios in urban planning, monument preservation, city infrastructure management, education, and entertainment. Their web-based visualisation and distribution made these environments widely accessible. However, many systems remain static, lacking real-time data integration and multi-user collaboration, while virtual worlds [...] Read more.
Virtual geographic environments long simulated real-world scenarios in urban planning, monument preservation, city infrastructure management, education, and entertainment. Their web-based visualisation and distribution made these environments widely accessible. However, many systems remain static, lacking real-time data integration and multi-user collaboration, while virtual worlds designed for the Metaverse emphasise dynamic interaction yet often omit essential geospatial context. Bridging this gap is critical for advancing virtual geographic environments into the next generation. In this paper, we present a modular system architecture for applications demonstrating geospatial virtual worlds over the web. Our goal is to provide a generic, well-structured framework that exposes the essential classes and interfaces needed for building 3D virtual worlds with geospatial data at their core. Our work focuses on defining specific geospatial components, methods, classes, and interfaces that form the foundation of a modern geospatial virtual environment in the Metaverse era. The proposed architecture is organised into three layers: access, world, and integration, which together enable accurate mapping and integration of real-time sensor data, digital twin synchronisation, and support for location-based services. Our analysis reveals that while most current solutions excel in either multi-user interaction or geospatial data management, they rarely combine both. In contrast, our model delivers enhanced geospatial focus, real-time collaboration, and interoperability between physical and digital realms. Overall, this work lays a solid foundation for future innovations in creating immersive, interactive, and geospatially grounded virtual experiences over the web, marking an important step in the evolution of virtual geographic environments for the Metaverse era. Full article
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32 pages, 4258 KiB  
Article
User Experience Design for Online Sports Shoe Retail Platforms: An Empirical Analysis Based on Consumer Needs
by Yixin Zou, Chao Zhao, Peter Childs, Dingbang Luh and Xiaoying Tang
Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(3), 311; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15030311 - 5 Mar 2025
Viewed by 2307
Abstract
Digital technologies represented by AR (Augmented Reality), VR (Virtual Reality), and digital twins, along with the expansion of metaverse platforms and digital marketing concepts, have attracted the attention of numerous sports fashion product consumers and brands, particularly in the category of sports shoes. [...] Read more.
Digital technologies represented by AR (Augmented Reality), VR (Virtual Reality), and digital twins, along with the expansion of metaverse platforms and digital marketing concepts, have attracted the attention of numerous sports fashion product consumers and brands, particularly in the category of sports shoes. Therefore, in the context of digital technologies, understanding the factors that affect consumer experience and the preferences in the online purchasing process of sports shoes is very important. This study employs Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic analysis to analyze 44,110 online user posts and comments from social platforms, extracting thematic elements of consumer experience needs for purchasing sports shoes online. The information obtained is further encoded and designed into a questionnaire, which is then utilized alongside the Kano model to analyze the overall preferences of consumer experience needs. The results indicate that webpage design and basic product information are considered as Must-be attributes for user experience needs; providing information on after-sales service policies and product comment, products’ special feature information, and online size testing are recognized as Performance attributes. Additionally, high-tech interaction methods, visual presentation, personalized customization, virtual try-on, apparel matching recommendations, and dressing scenario recommendations are identified as Attractive attributes. The study reveals that in the context of new digital technology development, the online shopping experience for sports shoes is enhanced across four dimensions: platform experience augmentation, product experience augmentation, user demand augmentation, and interactive experience augmentation. These four dimensions collectively constitute the holistic experience design for the online retail platform. Therefore, this research provides case references and theoretical insights for researchers and developers in the fields of brand marketing, experience design, and product service innovation. Full article
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19 pages, 1291 KiB  
Article
Key Factors for the Implementation of the Metaverse in Spanish Ports: An Evaluation Based on a Prioritization Matrix
by Nicoletta González-Cancelas, Javier Vaca-Cabrero and Alberto Camarero-Orive
Sustainability 2025, 17(5), 2205; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17052205 - 3 Mar 2025
Viewed by 716
Abstract
The implementation of the metaverse in Spanish ports poses challenges and opportunities, but it is crucial to identify and prioritize the key factors ensuring a successful transition to this new technological paradigm. To date, the literature has explored various aspects of digital transformation [...] Read more.
The implementation of the metaverse in Spanish ports poses challenges and opportunities, but it is crucial to identify and prioritize the key factors ensuring a successful transition to this new technological paradigm. To date, the literature has explored various aspects of digital transformation in ports, but few studies have specifically addressed the integration of the metaverse in this context. This study employed a prioritization matrix to evaluate five categories of factors: new operating models, institutional cooperation and coordination, customer services, data and technological maturity, and sector assimilation. Each category was evaluated based on its potential impact, urgency, ease of implementation, and cost. The results revealed that the factors related to the new operating models and institutional cooperation and coordination were considered the most important and urgent for the implementation of the metaverse in Spanish ports. On the other hand, technological maturity and sectoral assimilation were identified as the lowest priority categories. These findings suggest that the focus should be on improving operability and institutional collaboration to maximize the benefits of the metaverse in the Spanish port environment. In conclusion, this study provides a practical guide for decision-makers in the planning and implementation of digital transformation strategies in Spanish ports. By prioritizing key factors, resources can be optimized and the metaverse adoption process can be accelerated, thus contributing to the improvement of efficiency and competitiveness in the port sector. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Transportation)
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23 pages, 1011 KiB  
Article
How Do Virtual Influencers Affect Consumer Brand Evangelism in the Metaverse? The Effects of Virtual Influencers’ Marketing Efforts, Perceived Coolness, and Anthropomorphism
by Maja Gulan, Yuanyue Feng, Gustave Florentin Nkoulou Mvondo and Ben Niu
J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(1), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20010036 - 25 Feb 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3809
Abstract
Modern commercial organizations have started to embrace the metaverse platform as a new channel for marketing their products and services. As prominent brand representatives, virtual influencers are responsible for strengthening consumer–brand connections in the metaverse. However, the ways in which virtual influencers contribute [...] Read more.
Modern commercial organizations have started to embrace the metaverse platform as a new channel for marketing their products and services. As prominent brand representatives, virtual influencers are responsible for strengthening consumer–brand connections in the metaverse. However, the ways in which virtual influencers contribute to consumers’ brand fidelity and evangelistic behaviors remain unknown. To address this gap, this work explores the essential factors that impact consumers’ intention to trust virtual influencers in the metaverse, purchase the products that they promote, and engage in brand evangelistic behaviors. Specifically, a new framework is developed that integrates metaverse virtual influencers’ marketing efforts, perceived coolness, anthropomorphism, brand evangelism, and brand fidelity into a comprehensive conceptual research model. Survey results obtained from 713 respondents in the US demonstrate that marketing efforts, perceived coolness, and anthropomorphism positively influence brand evangelism. The findings also indicate that consumers’ brand fidelity encourages brand evangelism and mediates the relationship between virtual influencers’ features, marketing efforts, and consumers’ brand evangelistic behavior. This study’s significance lies in its focus on the evolving marketing dynamics in the metaverse. It considers how virtual influencers’ features and marketing efforts impact consumers’ brand-related attitudes and behaviors in the metaverse, offering valuable insights for the advancement of metaverse marketing research and practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection The New Era of Digital Marketing)
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18 pages, 748 KiB  
Article
Federated Learning and Semantic Communication for the Metaverse: Challenges and Potential Solutions
by Yue Bian, Xin Zhang, Gadeng Luosang, Duojie Renzeng, Dongzhu Renqing and Xuhui Ding
Electronics 2025, 14(5), 868; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14050868 - 22 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1296
Abstract
This study investigates the high-quality data processing technology, immersive experience mechanisms, and large-scale access in the Metaverse, concurrently ensuring robust privacy and security. We commence with a comprehensive analysis of the Metaverse’s service requirements, followed by an exploration of its principal technologies. Furthermore, [...] Read more.
This study investigates the high-quality data processing technology, immersive experience mechanisms, and large-scale access in the Metaverse, concurrently ensuring robust privacy and security. We commence with a comprehensive analysis of the Metaverse’s service requirements, followed by an exploration of its principal technologies. Furthermore, we evaluate the feasibility and potential benefits of integrating semantic communication to enhance the service quality of the Metaverse. A federated semantic communication framework is proposed, integrating semantic data transmission, semantic digital twins, and a Metaverse construction model trained through federated learning. We proceed to assess the performance of our proposed framework through simulations, highlighting the notable enhancements in transmission efficiency, recovery effectiveness, and intelligent recognition ability afforded by semantic communication for the Metaverse. Notably, the framework achieves outstanding compression efficiency with minimal information distortion (0.055), which decreases transmission delays and improves the immersion quality within the Metaverse. Finally, we identify future challenges and propose potential solutions for advancing semantic communication, federated learning, and Metaverse technologies. Full article
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27 pages, 9531 KiB  
Article
The Creation of Virtual Stands in the Metaverse: Applications for the Textile Sector
by Vicente Jover, Silvia Sempere and Santiago Ferrándiz
Electronics 2025, 14(2), 359; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14020359 - 17 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1611
Abstract
This study explores the potential of the Metaverse in designing trade-fair stands for the exhibition of products and services related to the textile sector, with a particular focus on upholstery fabrics. The primary aim is to enhance relations between manufacturers and customers by [...] Read more.
This study explores the potential of the Metaverse in designing trade-fair stands for the exhibition of products and services related to the textile sector, with a particular focus on upholstery fabrics. The primary aim is to enhance relations between manufacturers and customers by leveraging virtual environments. This research is part of a broader investigation into the applications of the Metaverse within the framework of Industry 5.0, emphasizing design aspects and user engagement. The applied methodology seeks to extend the functionalities of traditional physical stands while offering a viable alternative for the promotion and sale of textile products. To create the digital environment, the Metaverse platform, Spatial.io, and its Spatial Toolkit—featuring a Unity-based template which allows for the more efficient editing of scenarios in their three-dimensional aspects—were employed. Although the template is subject to certain limitations imposed by Spatial, such as restricted access to Unity’s full capabilities, these constraints were mitigated through effective programming. This enabled the incorporation of a texture selector, allowing users to combine and visualize fabric options dynamically. The authors of this article have designed a virtual stand in alignment with client specifications by applying compositional resources grounded in basic design principles of modernity and simple structural systems. This virtual stand was tested at the Habitat Fair in Valencia 2024. The results demonstrate the promising potential of these emerging technologies in advancing the capabilities of the textile sector. Full article
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21 pages, 985 KiB  
Study Protocol
A Protocol for AI-Powered Tools to Enhance Mobility and Function in Older Adults: An Evidence and Gap Map
by Mirella Veras, Jordi Pardo, Mê-Linh Lê, Cindy Jussup, José Carlos Tatmatsu-Rocha and Vivian Welch
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15010029 - 14 Jan 2025
Viewed by 2580
Abstract
Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, treatment, and patient monitoring, benefiting older adults by offering personalized care plans. AI-powered tools help manage chronic conditions and maintain independence, making them a valuable asset in addressing aging challenges. Objectives [...] Read more.
Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, treatment, and patient monitoring, benefiting older adults by offering personalized care plans. AI-powered tools help manage chronic conditions and maintain independence, making them a valuable asset in addressing aging challenges. Objectives: The objectives are as follows: 1. To identify and describe AI-power-based exercise programs for older adults. 2. To highlight primary evidence gaps in AI interventions for functional improvement and mobility. 3. To evaluate the quality of existing reviews on this topic. Methods: The evidence gap map (EGM) will follow the five-step method, adhering to the Campbell Collaboration guidelines and, if available at the time of reporting, PRISMA-AI standards. Guided by the Metaverse Equitable Rehabilitation Therapy framework, this study will categorize findings across domains like equity, health service integration, interoperability, governance, and humanization. The study will include systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and pre-and post-intervention designs. Results will be reported following PRISMA-AI guidelines. We will use AMSTAR-2 Checklist for Analyzing Systematic Reviews on AI Interventions for Improving mobility and function in Older Adults to evaluate the reliability of systematic reviews and focus on internal validity. Conclusions: This comprehensive analysis will act as a critical resource for guiding future research, refining clinical interventions, and influencing policy decisions to enhance AI-driven solutions for aging populations. The EGM aims to bridge existing evidence gaps, fostering a more informed, equitable, and effective approach to AI solutions for older adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ehealth, Telemedicine, and AI in the Precision Medicine Era)
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53 pages, 2127 KiB  
Review
Technology Development in Online Grocery Shopping—From Shopping Services to Virtual Reality, Metaverse, and Smart Devices: A Review
by Kinga Stecuła, Radosław Wolniak and Barış Aydın
Foods 2024, 13(23), 3959; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233959 - 8 Dec 2024
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 10845
Abstract
This paper presents a review of the technologies and services associated with online grocery shopping. The progress in the field of online grocery shopping has been very rapid in recent years. Hence, there was a need to systematize knowledge about the latest various [...] Read more.
This paper presents a review of the technologies and services associated with online grocery shopping. The progress in the field of online grocery shopping has been very rapid in recent years. Hence, there was a need to systematize knowledge about the latest various solutions used in this topic. The authors searched the internet, focusing on websites of different supermarkets, shops, and other services that offer online shopping, as well as reviewed scientific papers. Based on the collected material, the authors created four thematic parts, which include: (1) supermarket services; (2) dedicated grocery delivery services and farm-to-table; (3) shopping in Virtual Reality and the metaverse; smart devices and (4) AI in food ordering—the last part includes smart devices, such as smart refrigerators, ovens, their functionality, and the services connected with them. The authors refer to 243 sources. The research includes the three following objectives: (1) exploring and presenting the emerging applied ways of online grocery shopping, (2) exploring and presenting the latest technological advances related to the digitalization of grocery shopping, (3) discussing the upcoming technologies, services, and methods in online grocery shopping. This paper provides knowledge about a wide range of solutions offered by both supermarkets and stores (e.g., shopping applications, VR applications, metaverse shopping) and other companies (e.g., deliveries, product tracking), highlighting the numerous functions available thanks to smart devices (e.g., voice control, own shopping lists, control of products, their quantities and expiration dates, management of user preferences, and many more). This paper also discusses social issues related to the presented solutions, such as their influence on consumer behavior, barriers to adoption, and the associated challenges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence for the Food Industry)
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15 pages, 729 KiB  
Article
Behavioral Intentions in Metaverse Tourism: An Extended Technology Acceptance Model with Flow Theory
by Qi Wu, Ming-Qi Li and Jun-Hui Wang
Information 2024, 15(10), 632; https://doi.org/10.3390/info15100632 - 13 Oct 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3618
Abstract
This study aims to develop a new theoretical framework from the perspective of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), incorporating flow theory, to explore the factors influencing behavioral intentions to participate in metaverse tourism. Using data from 518 respondents with metaverse experience and participation [...] Read more.
This study aims to develop a new theoretical framework from the perspective of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), incorporating flow theory, to explore the factors influencing behavioral intentions to participate in metaverse tourism. Using data from 518 respondents with metaverse experience and participation in metaverse tourism, the study employed R Studio and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test the relationships between variables in the model. The results indicate that metaverse flow has a significant positive impact on users’ perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, with flow demonstrating strong explanatory power as a precursor factor. Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are predictors of users’ attitudes to using metaverse technology. A positive attitude towards the metaverse can enhance users’ support for metaverse tourism and their behavioral intention to participate in it, while support also positively influences behavioral intention. Support for metaverse tourism acts as a clear mediator between attitudes and behavioral intention. The newly developed theoretical framework in this study provides a fresh perspective for metaverse tourism research and helps enrich empirical analysis in this field. By deeply analyzing tourists’ behavioral intentions, the study provides valuable insights for stakeholders to develop targeted marketing strategies and services, thus promoting the future development of metaverse tourism. Full article
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12 pages, 414 KiB  
Article
Teachers’ Resilience Scale for Sustainability Enabled by ICT/Metaverse Learning Technologies: Factorial Structure, Reliability, and Validation
by Vassilios Makrakis
Sustainability 2024, 16(17), 7679; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177679 - 4 Sep 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1558
Abstract
A significant trend in education is the increasing recognition of the need to shift from transmissive teaching to incorporating reflexive practices associated with real-life issues in learning, curriculum, and teaching. Merging Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and Metaverse learning technologies in Education for [...] Read more.
A significant trend in education is the increasing recognition of the need to shift from transmissive teaching to incorporating reflexive practices associated with real-life issues in learning, curriculum, and teaching. Merging Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and Metaverse learning technologies in Education for Sustainability (ICT/MeEfS) is critical in responding to current sustainability crises such as climate change. This research article focuses on the factorial structure, reliability, and validity of a teachers’ ICT/MeEfS resilience scale. It examines the predictive value of teacher self-efficacy and transformative teaching beliefs in merging ICTs and education for sustainability. The respondents were 1815 in-service teachers in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam. The principal component analysis showed a two-factor model (factor 1: “personal ICT/MeEfS resilience” and factor 2: “reflexive practice”), with a significant amount of extracted variance (68.26%). The overall Cronbach’s alpha reliability analysis of the teachers’ resilience scale enabled by ICT/MeEfS was 0.90, indicating a high score and excellent internal consistency. Similarly, the stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the two hypothesized predictors, teacher self-efficacy and transformative teaching beliefs, significantly contributed to teachers’ ICT/MeEfS resilience, explaining 73% of its variability. The implications of the research results are discussed in terms of research and in developing the capacity of teachers to embed sustainability issues and SDGs in teaching practices, learning environments, and course curricula enabled by ICTs and Metaverse learning technologies. Full article
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29 pages, 1629 KiB  
Review
Metaverse of Things (MoT) Applications for Revolutionizing Urban Living in Smart Cities
by Tanweer Alam
Smart Cities 2024, 7(5), 2466-2494; https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities7050096 - 3 Sep 2024
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3156
Abstract
The Metaverse of Things (MoT) is an advanced technology that has the potential to revolutionise urban living in the present era. This article explores the advantages, uses, and transformative outcomes of the MoT in smart cities. It encompasses sustainability, urban planning, citizen participation, [...] Read more.
The Metaverse of Things (MoT) is an advanced technology that has the potential to revolutionise urban living in the present era. This article explores the advantages, uses, and transformative outcomes of the MoT in smart cities. It encompasses sustainability, urban planning, citizen participation, infrastructure management, and more. MoT integrates the Internet of Things (IoT) with metaverse technologies. The ultimate objective is to develop virtual environments that are highly interactive, interconnected, and immersive while maintaining a high level of fidelity to reality. The IoT utilises virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and other digital technologies to gather data, facilitate communication, and automate certain processes, thereby enhancing several elements of urban living. The IoT will bring about a profound transformation in the way cities gather and utilise data to enhance services and optimise efficiency. Cities that can efficiently distribute this data can enhance public safety, optimise energy usage, regulate traffic, and manage waste properly. MoT apps that utilise immersive technologies and the IoT can be used to generate more intelligent and captivating cityscapes. The implementation of the MoT can greatly enhance the quality of life for residents of smart cities through improvements in transportation, healthcare, education, and community engagement. This study’s author examined how smart cities utilise the MoT to enhance the daily experiences of their inhabitants. This study examines the technical structure, possible advantages, and difficulties of implementing the MoT in urban settings, aiming to enhance the resilience, responsiveness, and adaptability of cities. The findings emphasise the importance of robust legislative frameworks, stringent security requirements, and well-developed infrastructure to facilitate the extensive use of MoT technology. These factors are crucial for establishing a highly interconnected and efficient urban environment. Full article
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16 pages, 3072 KiB  
Article
A Learner-Centric Explainable Educational Metaverse for Cyber–Physical Systems Engineering
by Seong-Jin Yun, Jin-Woo Kwon, Young-Hoon Lee, Jae-Heon Kim and Won-Tae Kim
Electronics 2024, 13(17), 3359; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13173359 - 23 Aug 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1209
Abstract
Cyber–physical systems have become critical across industries. They have driven investments in education services to develop well-trained engineers. Education services for cyber–physical systems require the hiring of expert tutors with multidisciplinary knowledge, as well as acquiring expensive facilities/equipment. In response to the challenges [...] Read more.
Cyber–physical systems have become critical across industries. They have driven investments in education services to develop well-trained engineers. Education services for cyber–physical systems require the hiring of expert tutors with multidisciplinary knowledge, as well as acquiring expensive facilities/equipment. In response to the challenges posed by the need for the equipment and facilities, a metaverse-based education service that incorporates digital twins has been explored as a solution. However, the issue of recruiting expert tutors who can enhance students’ achievements remains unresolved, making it difficult to effectively cultivate talent. This paper proposes a reference architecture for a learner-centric educational metaverse with an intelligent tutoring framework as its core feature to address these issues. We develop a novel explainable artificial intelligence scheme for multi-class object detection models to assess learners’ achievements within the intelligent tutoring framework. Additionally, a genetic algorithm-based improvement search method is applied to the framework to derive personalized feedback. The proposed metaverse architecture and framework are evaluated through a case study on drone education. The experimental results show that the explainable AI scheme demonstrates an approximately 30% improvement in the explanation accuracy compared to existing methods. The survey results indicate that over 70% of learners significantly improved their skills based on the provided feedback. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Machine Learning in Intelligent Systems)
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