Search Results (5,859)

Climate change is intensifying drought, salinity, heat, chilling, flooding, and heavy-metal stresses across major fruit-producing regions, threatening yield stability and fruit quality in economically vital, perennial crops such as apple, grapevine, citrus, banana, strawberry, and peach. Because these species are long-lived, highly heterozygous, and polyploid, conventional breeding for climate resilience remains slow and often inadequate, necessitating molecular strategies informed by systems-level understanding. This review synthesizes recent advances in multi-omics research spanning genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, epigenomics, ionomics, and phenomics that have collectively decoded the regulatory architecture underlying abiotic stress perception, signaling, and tolerance in fruit crops. Hormonal networks, particularly abscisic acid (ABA) crosstalk with jasmonate, salicylic acid, ethylene, and brassinosteroids, emerge as central integrators of stress responses, coordinating stomatal regulation, osmolyte accumulation, antioxidant defense, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Genomic and pangenomic approaches have identified stress-associated loci and cultivar-specific structural variants, while transcriptomic and proteomic studies reveal transcription factor networks (MdERF38–MdMYB1, MaMYB4–MaHDA2, VvDREB1, CsNAC29) and post-translational regulatory switches governing tolerance mechanisms across drought, cold, salinity, and flooding stress. Metabolomic and ionomic profiling link biochemical reprogramming to fruit quality traits, whereas epigenomic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and small RNA regulation provide a chromatin-level layer mediating stress memory across growing seasons. Integration of these omics layers through systems biology, machine learning, and high-throughput phenomics is enabling functional validation via CRISPR-Cas9 and marker-assisted selection, translating correlative associations into causally validated breeding targets. Despite this progress, challenges including batch effects, tissue heterogeneity, and methodological inconsistencies in data integration continue to constrain translational applications. This highlights convergent regulatory hubs across stress types and species, underscoring multi-omics-guided precision breeding as the most promising pathway toward developing climate-resilient, high-quality fruit crop cultivars for sustainable global production. Full article

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) presents substantial challenges in higher education, including elevated mind wandering, difficulties sustaining attention during academic reading, and diminished self-regulatory capacity. Yet, many students with ADHD achieve academic outcomes comparable to their neurotypical (NT) peers, suggesting that protective and compensatory mechanisms may help decouple attentional vulnerability from distal academic achievement. This study examined whether artificial intelligence (AI) tools may function as compensatory support for college students with ADHD and whether resilience is differentially associated with academic success in this population. A sample of 195 engineering students (ADHD = 84, NT = 111) completed self-report measures of trait mind wandering, boredom proneness, self-efficacy, resilience, return-to-focus ability, AI usage and motivation, alongside Raven’s Progressive Matrices, an academic reading task with attention probes and comprehension questions, and end-of-semester course grades. Students with ADHD reported significantly greater AI usage than NT students (d = 0.32), despite no significant group differences in cognitive ability or course grades. Hierarchical regression showed that once attentional traits were included, diagnostic group membership no longer accounted for AI usage, indicating that attentional vulnerability, particularly elevated mind wandering, rather than diagnosis per se, may better explain AI usage. Self-efficacy was positively associated with AI usage among students with ADHD but not among NT students, though this group difference was not statistically significant; the pattern is therefore reported as tentative rather than as an established compensatory mechanism. Resilience was lower among students with ADHD than among NT students but was not associated with course grade in either group, and neither resilience nor AI usage was independently associated with course grade once cognitive ability and attentional traits were accounted for. These findings suggest that AI use may reflect compensatory academic adaptation to attentional vulnerability in ADHD. More broadly, the results highlight how attentional vulnerability, self-efficacy, AI-based compensatory strategies, and resilience jointly shape academic outcomes in ADHD and raise questions about how equitable, AI-supported learning environments might be designed in higher education. Because the design is cross-sectional, the present data do not establish that AI use improves academic achievement. Full article

Landing underactuated quadrotors on inclines is challenging as sudden contact transients convert translational kinetic energy into critical edge-tipping moments. Conventional controllers struggle to mitigate these sub-second impacts without computationally intensive prior terrain models or payload-restricting mechanical shock absorbers. This paper introduces a stabilization approach combining a Zero Moment Point (ZMP)-guided anchoring strategy with an impact-resilient Model Reference Adaptive Control Neural Network (MRAC-NN). The ZMP serves as a proactive geometric threshold. Evaluating overturning moments directly in the body frame before physical tilt occurs triggers immediate asymmetric bidirectional thrust. This artificially augments the surface normal force, thereby securing the vehicle on steep inclines that exceed natural static friction limits. Concurrently, the computationally efficient MRAC-NN suppresses unstructured aerodynamic disturbances and high-frequency impact shocks. To prevent parameter wind-up during sudden kinematic arrest at touchdown, the neuro-adaptive law is structurally augmented with robust bounding and dynamic state-locking mechanisms, mathematically guaranteeing Uniform Ultimate Boundedness (UUB). The framework is validated through high-fidelity simulations that incorporate Linear Complementarity Problem (LCP) rigid-impact constraints and stick–slip friction. Results demonstrate the architecture effectively suppresses post-impact bouncing and transforms critical tipping moments into controlled planar slides, reducing stabilization penalties by up to $47.5\%$ and expanding the survivable flight envelope to ${60}^{\circ }$ inclines where classical methods fail. Full article

Cyber incidents can disrupt many virtual power plant (VPP) assets through shared software and communication services. This study links preventive finance, cyber defense, dispatch, and restoration in one multi-timescale model. An attacker, a VPP operator, a bond vehicle, and a regulator interact in a partially observable stochastic game. The operator controls hardening, dispatch, isolation, and recovery. The bond provides restricted pre-event capital and releases collateral through an auditable index of service loss, control availability, network stress, and recovery delay. A risk-constrained multi-agent policy enforces power-system feasibility, investor impairment, sponsor affordability, and trigger–loss limits. Tests use transparent synthetic VPP-39 and VPP-118 portfolios and 20 out-of-sample seeds. The proposed design lowers normalized social cost to 0.691 and 0.704 and weighted basis risk to 0.065 and 0.071. It also improves critical-load continuity and restoration relative to self-insurance and three bond baselines. The VPP-118 case recovers in 11.8 h, compared with 14.3 h for the closest rule-based benchmark. Ablations separate the effects of finance and control. Removing the coupon–control link reduces verified hardening from 0.672 to 0.519. Removing the safety projection raises unsafe proposals from 0.4% to 5.9%. These results show that stochastic multi-timescale control can support adaptable and resilient VPP operation while keeping the financial mechanism within explicit risk limits. Full article

The existing research on digital–intelligent innovation collaboration networks has not effectively connected the evolution of real collaborative relationships with governance methods, and governance models often struggle to accommodate both empirically identified evolutionary mechanisms and sequential decision-making capability. Using Chinese digital–intelligent innovation co-patent data from 2016 to 2025, this study develops a machine learning analytical framework centered on relationship evolution and collaboration resilience governance and employs OSR-DDQN to optimize dynamic intervention strategies under limited budgets. The results show that state transitions in digital–intelligent innovation collaboration exhibit pronounced path specificity, with the innovation capability, relational capital, and technological complementarity displaying differentiated conditional associations across transition paths. Further simulation experiments show that, across different budget conditions, OSR-DDQN improves the mean reward by 11.56% to 12.83% relative to the best-performing standard deep Q-network. Within the specified governance environment, once the budget reaches a minimally sufficient level, further performance gains arise primarily from optimizing the action timing, intervention targets, and stopping decisions rather than from simply increasing governance resources. Full article

This scoping review examines how leadership shapes employees’ mental health in disruptive, uncertain organizational contexts between 2020 and 2025. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a systematic search across Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and PsycINFO yielded 43 eligible sources (30 empirical, 13 conceptual/theoretical). Data were extracted and synthesized through critical interpretive synthesis. Findings indicate that transformational, ethical, servant, inclusive, and health-oriented leadership are associated with favorable well-being outcomes and with psychosocial resources including psychological safety, trust, and psychological capital. Conversely, authoritarian, toxic, destructive, and laissez-faire leadership are associated with burnout, psychological distress, organizational silence, and turnover intentions. Building on these observed associations, the interpretive synthesis generates three theoretically plausible propositions: leaders’ emotional regulation may condition the protective potential of prosocial leadership; resource depletion under disruption may contribute to the intensification of dysfunctional leadership; and psychological safety, trust, and psychological capital may operate as interconnected mechanisms linking leadership with emotional exhaustion and resilience. These propositions represent synthesis-generated relationships requiring direct empirical testing rather than effects established by the reviewed evidence. Synthesizing these insights, this review proposes a dynamic emotional regulation framework of leadership under disruption. Rather than viewing leadership through static styles, the framework conceptualizes it as a relational, context-sensitive process whose implications for occupational mental health depend on psychosocial and contextual conditions. Full article

Aging is a gradual process of structural and functional decline, marked by erosion of physiological integrity, adaptive capacity, and resilience, and by a concomitant increase in vulnerability to disease, disability, and death. The hallmarks of aging framework provides a widely used and experimentally tractable taxonomy of molecular and cellular processes associated with aging. In 2023, López-Otín and colleagues expanded the framework from nine to twelve hallmarks by adding disabled macroautophagy, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis. Here, we evaluate the mechanistic and translational evidence for all twelve hallmarks. We also examine RNA-processing defects and extracellular matrix remodeling as candidate processes without classifying either as an additional hallmark. Experimental studies in model organisms support causal roles for several hallmarks. However, their causal priority, necessity, sufficiency, tissue specificity, and relevance to human aging remain unresolved. Clinical translation is limited by pleiotropy, compensatory responses, heterogeneous trajectories, uncertain biomarkers, and the long period required to detect meaningful outcomes. Future geroscience studies should treat hallmarks as provisional causal modules within interacting physiological networks, select mechanism-linked and function-centered endpoints, and test interventions against prospectively defined claims. Full article

Amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) induce oxidative and genomic stress that may promote neuronal senescence-like alterations in Alzheimer’s disease. Dieckol, a brown algal phlorotannin, has antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, but its effects on AβO-induced senescence-like stress remain unclear. Differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with dieckol (10–50 μmol/L) or the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) antagonist azeliragon (100 μmol/L) for 24 h, followed by AβO (20 μmol/L) exposure for 24 h. Dieckol concentration-dependently preserved cell viability, as indirectly assessed by the MTT assay and reduced mitochondrial superoxide accumulation. Dieckol also decreased senescence-associated β-galactosidase positivity, H3K9me2/3-associated chromatin remodeling, and interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α secretion while partially restoring telomerase activity. This restoration was consistent with improved cellular stress resilience in the differentiated neuron-like model. Furthermore, dieckol reduced 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and γ-H2AX accumulation and attenuated ATM–Chk2–p53 DNA damage response signaling. Azeliragon elicited broadly similar responses; however, these similarities do not establish RAGE dependence or a shared mechanism of action. Collectively, dieckol concurrently attenuated mitochondrial oxidative stress, DNA damage response signaling, and senescence-associated alterations. Although these parallel effects support a possible relationship among these processes, their causal and temporal relationships remain to be established. Full article

Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) and autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) are among the key enabling technologies driving intelligent logistics and industrial automation. Despite their widespread adoption and rapid technological evolution, the literature often addresses AGV and AMR systems in a fragmented manner, lacking a structured methodological perspective that highlights their architectural foundations, levels of autonomy, and technological maturity. This paper presents a methodological survey of AGV and AMR technologies, focusing on system-level architectures and core functional components rather than isolated algorithms. The survey systematically analyzes key technological dimensions, including sensing and perception, localization and positioning strategies, navigation and path-planning approaches, communication infrastructures, and multi-robot coordination mechanisms. A clear distinction is drawn between classical AGV systems, which rely on fixed infrastructure and predefined routes, and AMR systems, which exhibit adaptive, perception-driven, and self-configuring behaviors enabled by artificial intelligence techniques. Rather than proposing new algorithms, this paper organizes existing approaches into a coherent framework that highlights technological transitions from infrastructure-dependent guidance to autonomous, data-driven navigation. Recent trends such as cloud–edge integration, learning-based navigation, scalable fleet management architectures, and cooperative multi-robot systems are reviewed and discussed from a methodological standpoint, emphasizing their role in increasing flexibility, robustness, and operational efficiency in industrial and logistics environments. The survey also addresses cross-cutting challenges, including system transparency, safety and certification, interoperability, and sustainability. Finally, this paper outlines research directions aligned with the principles of Industry 5.0, highlighting the need for human-centered, resilient, and scalable AMR and AGV systems capable of safe and explainable operation in complex industrial contexts. Full article

Digital transformation can improve supply chain sensing, but recovery depends on whether reliable information is converted into coordinated operational action. This study develops a simulation-based case study that integrates data-quality-adjusted indicator fusion, a six-dimensional resilience index, system dynamics, and phase-based constrained policy search. The case represents a component-intensive discrete-manufacturing network with 28 tier-1 suppliers, nine qualified alternatives, seven logistics nodes, and five product families. A reproducible 36-month supplier-product panel (5040 unit-month records) is generated from a fixed seed and an explicit machine-readable configuration; it is not presented as confidential company data. Completeness, timeliness, cross-source consistency, and out-of-sample predictive contribution are defined explicitly, and an event-preserving gate prevents reliability shrinkage from attenuating logged disruption signals. Twelve indicators measure robustness, redundancy, agility, visibility, collaboration, and adaptive recovery; time-to-recovery is reserved as an outcome rather than included in the input index. The dynamic model is solved at a 0.25-month step over a 24-month policy horizon. Under a compound supplier-capacity, demand, and logistics shock, the balanced phase-based portfolio increases minimum resilience from 0.490 to 0.680 and reduces time-to-recovery from 8.4 to 3.5 months relative to the efficiency baseline. At an equal 6.9% incremental-cost budget, the integrated portfolio retains a 0.029–0.071 advantage in minimum resilience over single-mechanism alternatives. Holdout replay, alternative weighting schemes, event-gate tests, parameter perturbations, and unseen shock combinations establish numerical robustness but do not constitute external empirical validation. The findings indicate, for this specified model and case, that visibility creates resilience value when coupled with response authority, supplier coordination, flexible capacity, and targeted buffers. Full article

Macrobenthic seaweeds are key species in temperate and boreal nearshore rocky ecosystems, and their interspecific interactions profoundly affect the species composition, spatial distribution and dynamic succession of the community. This paper systematically reviews the mechanisms of interspecific competition and facilitative effects among macrobenthic seaweeds. We also examine their environmental regulation and impacts on community phase transitions. Competition mainly centers on three major resources: light, space and nutrients. It manifests as an asymmetric hierarchical structure, in which canopy-forming species exert a disproportionate repressive effect on lower algal layers through light competition. Facilitative effects are realized through several mechanisms. These include canopy shading to mitigate heat stress and water loss, physical structure building to create complex habitats, and nutrient retention with chemical microenvironment regulation. Moreover, the relative strengths of facilitation and competition shift systematically across environmental stress gradients. Multi-trophic level regulation further shapes community diversity maintenance mechanisms through the suppression of dominant species by vegetative predators and the cascading effect of top predators on vegetative predators. In the context of global change, physiological asymmetries driven by oceanic heat waves are tilting the competitive balance in favor of opportunistic turf algae. These algae form a lock-in state through the triple positive feedbacks: physical barriers, biogeochemical deterioration, and chemosensory exclusion. This significantly decreases the resilience of algal field recovery. Tropical coral-macroalgae phase transition is highly consistent with the degradation of temperate algal fields in terms of driving logic. They follow the law of coupling resource competition imbalance, downward regulatory relaxation, and positive feedback lock-up. This paper suggests several priorities for future research. Studies should focus on the nonlinear response of multifactor interaction, the quantitative correlation between key functional traits and community resilience, and the establishment of a cross-ecosystem comparison framework. These efforts will provide theoretical support for predicting and adaptively managing offshore ecosystems under global change. Full article

As a widely recognized measure of corporate sustainability, ESG performance exerts a significant influence on corporate exports and risk-coping capabilities. Using product–destination-level panel data of Chinese listed firms from 2009 to 2016, compiled from the China Customs Database and the CSMAR Database, this paper employs the High-Dimensional Fixed Effects (HDFE) model to empirically examine the impact of ESG performance on corporate export resilience and its underlying mechanisms. The findings reveal that improved ESG performance significantly strengthens firm export resilience, a conclusion that remains robust after a series of robustness checks and addressing endogeneity concerns. ESG performance directly enhances export resilience through its environmental, social, and governance dimensions, with the social dimension exhibiting the strongest effect. Mechanism analysis indicates that ESG performance enhances export resilience by promoting diversification in both export products and export markets. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the effect varies significantly across countries, products, and firms. Specifically, the positive effect is more pronounced for exports to developed countries, Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) participating countries, and coastal countries. Moreover, ESG performance contributes more strongly to the export resilience of final goods, high-technology products, and products with comparative advantages. At the firm level, the enhancing effect is more evident for state-owned enterprises, capital-intensive firms, and large-scale enterprises. Further analysis reveals that ESG performance and export resilience exhibit a positive joint effect in enhancing overseas market profitability and overseas revenue sustainability. These findings offer actionable implications for policymakers and exporters aiming to embed ESG principles into their export operations, which may further facilitate the sustainable and high-quality transformation of foreign trade. Full article

The offspring of domesticated Pinctada maxima exhibited various physiological and microbial adjustments to the complex and dynamic conditions of coastal environments. To support the restoration of P. maxima genetic resources and explore the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenotypic responses, we conducted a comparative analysis of the intestinal transcriptome and microbiota of wild parental and domesticated generations. Each sample generated an average of 43,600,525 clean reads, which were mapped to the P. maxima reference genome with mapping rates ranging from 63.91% to 79.48%, and a total of 3007 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were subsequently identified. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that the DEGs were enriched in organic acid metabolism, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that the DEGs were enriched in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis and xenobiotic metabolism via cytochrome P450. Microbiota profiling revealed significant compositional shifts at phylum and genus levels, with increased alpha diversity in F1; dominant phyla transitioned towards Spirochaetota and Bacteroidota, and functional predictions pointed to enhanced metabolic and immune capacities. Quantitative validated the up-regulation of immune genes (PmHR96h, PmIAP) and down-regulation of calcium-signaling genes (PmCaM, PmHSP90), consistent with RNA-seq data. Collectively, these coordinated transcriptomic and microbial alterations reflect a multifaceted host–microbiome adaptive response to nearshore conditions. Our findings provide valuable molecular markers and microbial indicators for selective breeding and health monitoring, offering a scientific basis for improving the resilience of P. maxima aquaculture under changing environmental conditions. Full article

Background/Objectives: Contemporary health systems continue to face persistent challenges in financing, equity, and governance, particularly under conditions of limited resources, workforce shortages, and demographic pressures. While the World Health Organization calls for strengthening social participation to achieve universal health coverage, evidence suggests that such participation often remains largely symbolic. Existing global examples of social participation in health are limited either by their short duration of implementation or by their limited scope. In contrast, the experience of former Yugoslavia (1945–1991) represents a distinctive case. In the early post-war period, health reforms were directed towards the development of a decentralised, self-managed health system that emphasised universal coverage, participatory governance, social solidarity, and local autonomy. The trajectory of these reforms was further shaped by global economic and political pressures, including neoliberal trends, international debt, and the oil crises, which constrained resources and exposed systemic vulnerabilities. The so-called Yugoslav Experiment may offer an alternative to existing market-oriented and, at times, inefficient health systems. This review aims to synthesise evidence on the governance, financing, organisation, and outcomes of Yugoslavia’s self-managed health system and to evaluate its relevance to contemporary debates on health system resilience, decentralisation, participatory governance, equity, and sustainability. It examines power relations, stakeholder interests, and resource allocation, and assesses the lessons that the Yugoslav experience offers for contemporary debates on participatory governance and the sustainability of healthcare systems, while identifying areas of convergence, debate, and gaps in the existing scholarship. Methods: We conducted a systematic narrative review of peer-reviewed articles, book chapters, conference papers, and commentaries published in English or Bosnian–Croatian–Montenegrin–Serbian that covered the period 1945–1991. Scopus, PubMed, and EBSCOhost (including CINAHL Plus with full text, Medline and PsychInfo) were searched on 19 January 2026. Studies were included if they addressed health system reform, self-management, governance, financing, or institutional continuity. Contextual studies of selected services—primary care, mental health, reproductive health, and vaccination—were included only if they illuminated reform trajectories. Data synthesis focused on reform phases, institutional transformations, financing arrangements, governance mechanisms, and power relations, with particular attention to continuity, path dependence, and critical junctures. Given the heterogeneous and predominantly historical, analytical, and policy-oriented nature of the literature, we did not apply conventional study-design-specific risk-of-bias tools. Instead, we used an overarching framework to classify and contextualise the included evidence according to five dimensions: source type, nature of contribution, evidentiary role, temporal context, and health-system domain. The protocol was not registered. The study was financed by the Provincial Secretariat for Higher Education and Scientific Research, Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia. Results: The database searches yielded 265 records, of which 193 were selected for title and abstract screening after removing 72 duplicates. At this stage, 133 publications were excluded because they did not meet the eligibility criteria and 60 publications were selected for full-text review. Application of the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in 22 eligible publications. An additional 18 studies were identified through citation chaining and targeted Google Scholar searches. Twenty-two publications were coded as primary studies, directly examining health system reform, governance, or self-management, while 18 were classified as contextual studies addressing specialty areas. The analysis identified key reforms that followed the social participation, i.e., ‘self-management’, approach, which expanded primary care, preventive services, and local participation. It revealed institutional changes, as well as the role of power and health financing in health reforms aimed at strengthening social participation. Nonetheless, challenges—including bureaucratic and managerial elitism, unequal professional authority, resource scarcity, and tensions between market-oriented policies and social solidarity—were amplified by global economic forces and neoliberal trends, ultimately contributing to the system’s collapse by the late 1980s. This review was limited by its search strategy, the exclusion of grey literature, the potential omission or inaccessibility of relevant studies, and its focus on selected aspects of health reform, namely post-war recovery and self-management. Conclusions: The Yugoslav experience illustrates both the promise and the fragility of socially oriented, participatory health systems, demonstrating how international political alignments and global economic pressures can profoundly shape domestic health reform trajectories. Lessons from this case remain relevant to contemporary efforts to strengthen social participation for universal health coverage through designing sustainable, resilient, equitable, and socially accountable health systems under complex global conditions. Full article

Hypoxia represents a pervasive selective pressure in aquaculture systems, prompting aquatic organisms to develop distinct tolerance strategies through diverse physiological and biochemical responses. The common carp (Cyprinus carpio), a species characterized by extensive geographical distribution and a long history of artificial selection, exhibits considerable inter-varietal and inter-population variation in hypoxia tolerance. Nevertheless, the mechanistic basis underlying hypoxia tolerance in the context of domestication remains poorly understood. The present study employed mirror carp (C. carpio var. specularis), a highly domesticated strain with proven hypoxia tolerance, and Hebao red carp (C. carpio var. wuyuanesis), a locally distributed, minimally domesticated variety that is relatively sensitive to hypoxia, to investigate the metabolic responses and underlying mechanisms associated with hypoxia tolerance. Focusing on muscle and liver tissues, we performed separate statistical and bioinformatics analyses of the metabolic profiles derived from the two strains. The results revealed that hypoxia exposure induced only minor perturbations in energy metabolism in mirror carp, whereas Hebao red carp exhibited a profound metabolic depression in muscle, accompanied by signs of insufficient energy production in the liver. Notably, an enhanced nitric oxide (NO) pathway, implicated in vascular tone regulation and oxygen delivery, was observed in the liver of mirror carp but not in that of Hebao red carp. Collectively, these findings delineate distinct metabolic patterns between common carp strains subjected to differing degrees of domestication, which may account for their differential hypoxia tolerance. Moreover, this study offers a theoretical foundation for the selective breeding of hypoxia-resilient fish strains in aquaculture practices. Full article