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Search Results (264)

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Keywords = manufacturing exports

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34 pages, 1960 KiB  
Article
Parallel Export and Differentiated Production in the Supply Chain of New Energy Vehicles
by Lingzhi Shao, Ziqing Zhu, Haiqun Li and Xiaoxue Ding
Systems 2025, 13(8), 662; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13080662 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
Considering the supply chain of new energy vehicles composed of a local manufacturer, an authorized distributor in the domestic market, and a competitive manufacturer in the export market, this paper studies three different cases of parallel export as well as their decisions about [...] Read more.
Considering the supply chain of new energy vehicles composed of a local manufacturer, an authorized distributor in the domestic market, and a competitive manufacturer in the export market, this paper studies three different cases of parallel export as well as their decisions about prices, sales scale, and the degree of production differentiation. Three game models are constructed and solved under the cases of no parallel exports (CN), authorized distributors’ parallel exports (CR), and third-party parallel exports (CT), respectively, and the equilibrium analysis is carried out, and finally, the influence of relevant parameters is explored through numerical simulation. It is found that (1) the manufacturer’s decisions on production and sales are influenced by the characteristics of consumer preferences in local and export markets, the cost of differentiated production, and the consumer recognition of parallel exports; (2) the manufacturers’ profits will always be damaged by parallel exports; (3) differentiated production can reduce the negative impact of parallel exports under certain conditions, and then improve the profits of manufacturers; (4) manufacturers can increase their profits by improving the purchase intention of consumers in the local market, improve the level of production differentiation in the export market, or reducing the cost of differentiation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Supply Chain Management)
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19 pages, 15300 KiB  
Article
Proactive Scheduling and Routing of MRP-Based Production with Constrained Resources
by Jarosław Wikarek and Paweł Sitek
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(15), 8522; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15158522 (registering DOI) - 31 Jul 2025
Viewed by 108
Abstract
This research addresses the challenges of proactive scheduling and routing in manufacturing systems governed by the Material Requirement Planning (MRP) method. Such systems often face capacity constraints, difficulties in resource balancing, and limited traceability of component requirements. The lack of seamless integration between [...] Read more.
This research addresses the challenges of proactive scheduling and routing in manufacturing systems governed by the Material Requirement Planning (MRP) method. Such systems often face capacity constraints, difficulties in resource balancing, and limited traceability of component requirements. The lack of seamless integration between customer orders and production tasks, combined with the manual and time-consuming nature of schedule adjustments, highlights the need for an automated and optimized scheduling method. We propose a novel optimization-based approach that leverages mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) combined with a proprietary procedure for reducing the size of the modeled problem to generate feasible and/or optimal production schedules. The model incorporates dynamic routing, partial resource utilization, limited additional resources (e.g., tools, workers), technological breaks, and time quantization. Key results include determining order feasibility, identifying unfulfilled order components, minimizing costs, shortening deadlines, and assessing feasibility in the absence of available resources. By automating the generation of data from MRP/ERP systems, constructing an optimization model, and exporting the results back to the MRP/ERP structure, this method improves decision-making and competes with expensive Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) systems. The proposed innovation solution—the integration of MILP-based optimization with the proprietary PT (data transformation) and PR (model-size reduction) procedures—not only increases operational efficiency but also enables demand source tracking and offers a scalable and economical alternative for modern production environments. Experimental results demonstrate significant reductions in production costs (up to 25%) and lead times (more than 50%). Full article
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16 pages, 1064 KiB  
Article
Tracing the Tin Flows and Stocks in China: A Dynamic Material Flow Analysis from 2001 to 2022
by Wei Chen, Lulu Hu, Yaqi Wang, Ziyan Gao and Yong Geng
Systems 2025, 13(8), 622; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13080622 - 23 Jul 2025
Viewed by 247
Abstract
Tin is an indispensable metal for contemporary society owing to its extensive application. China is a major tin manufacturer and consumer worldwide. Nonetheless, the crucial characteristics of its tin metabolism remain limited. Therefore, a dynamic material flow analysis (MFA) from 2001 to 2022 [...] Read more.
Tin is an indispensable metal for contemporary society owing to its extensive application. China is a major tin manufacturer and consumer worldwide. Nonetheless, the crucial characteristics of its tin metabolism remain limited. Therefore, a dynamic material flow analysis (MFA) from 2001 to 2022 was performed in this study to trace China’s tin flows and stocks. Findings show that China became a net tin exporter from a life cycle perspective, and annual tin consumption embodied in various final products varied between 49.3 kilo tons (Kt) in 2001 and 161.5 Kt in 2022, with home appliances and electronics being the dominant consumption sectors. A total of 913.3 Kt of tin became in-use stocks. In addition, the imported tin embodied in various final products varied between 13.9 Kt in 2001 and 21.6 Kt in 2022, with machinery being the dominant consumption sector. The exported tin embodied in various final products varied between 12.0 Kt in 2001 and 76.3 Kt in 2022, with machinery being the dominant consumption sector. Finally, this study proposes some suggestions, in view of the Chinese reality, like enhancing tin recycling, promoting tin geological prospecting, optimizing the structure of the tin trade, and promoting regional cooperation, to improve the supply security of tin resources. Full article
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20 pages, 299 KiB  
Article
Digital Technological Diversity: The Root Cause of Export Vulnerability for Enterprises in Adversity?
by Dan Rong, Lei Wang and Zhengyuan Zhou
J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(3), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20030157 - 1 Jul 2025
Viewed by 358
Abstract
There is no consensus in existing research on whether the application of digital technology diversification strengthens or weakens export resilience. This study fills this gap by exploring the influence mechanism of digital technology diversity on enterprise export resilience. Based on organizational inertia theory, [...] Read more.
There is no consensus in existing research on whether the application of digital technology diversification strengthens or weakens export resilience. This study fills this gap by exploring the influence mechanism of digital technology diversity on enterprise export resilience. Based on organizational inertia theory, dynamic capabilities perspective, and organizational learning theory, this study uses data from Chinese listed export manufacturing companies from 2019 to 2023 in order to empirically examine the relationship between digital technology diversity and enterprise export resilience. The results show that digital technology diversity significantly inhibits enterprise export resilience, supply chain finance plays a partially mediating role in this relationship, and digital interlock alleviates the inhibitory effect of digital technology diversity on supply chain finance. The findings provide guidance for the digital technology application strategy of export enterprises in adversity. Full article
23 pages, 745 KiB  
Article
Banking Sector Profits and Export Margins of Wood Forest Products: Evidence from China’s Provincial Data
by Jianling Chen, Xingyuan Yao, Jixing Huang, Weiming Lin and Qingfan Lin
Forests 2025, 16(7), 1071; https://doi.org/10.3390/f16071071 - 27 Jun 2025
Viewed by 297
Abstract
The export expansion of wood forest products (WFPs) generates substantial socio-economic benefits. Unfortunately, the WFP manufacturing industry frequently experiences challenges in accessing finance and high financing costs. Since profit scramble between financial sector and real economy sectors has become a critical global concern, [...] Read more.
The export expansion of wood forest products (WFPs) generates substantial socio-economic benefits. Unfortunately, the WFP manufacturing industry frequently experiences challenges in accessing finance and high financing costs. Since profit scramble between financial sector and real economy sectors has become a critical global concern, it is worth investigating how banking sector profits (BSPs) impact WFPs’ export margins, and whether a “financial concession” policy can mitigate or amplify this effect. Drawing on over four million trade records from China’s Customs Database and the United Nations Trade and Business Database, this study quantifies the WFPs’ export margins of 31 provinces in Mainland China to 184 countries during 2007–2022. Then it assesses the effects of regional BSP on the WFPs’ export margins. The results indicate that the extensive, intensive, and quantity margins of WFPs’ export exhibit an overall upward trend with fluctuations, while the price margin has shown steady growth since 2016. Regional BSP has significant negative effects on the extensive, intensive, and quantity margins. The observed upward trend of WFPs’ export margins implies that low BSP may facilitate export growth of WFPs. Further heterogeneity analysis indicates that the BSPs’ negative impact is more pronounced for labor-intensive WFPs’ exports. China’s “financial concession” policy effectively mitigates the BSPs’ adverse effects. Moderation effect analysis demonstrates that a larger number of bank institution outlets, a higher share of rural bank institution outlets, and the development of digital finance significantly reduce the BSPs’ negative effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Forest Economics, Policy, and Social Science)
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17 pages, 810 KiB  
Article
Analyzing Vietnam’s Economic Transformation from 2007 to 2023: Insights from Structural Decomposition of Input–Output Tables
by Nguyen Thi Bich Ngoc, Ichihashi Masaru and Bui Xuan Hong
Economies 2025, 13(7), 182; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13070182 - 24 Jun 2025
Viewed by 1251
Abstract
The present study investigates Vietnam’s economic structural transformation from 2007 to 2023, identifying key sectors contributing to output growth and poverty reduction. The study is situated within the broader context of industrialization and sustainable development in emerging economies. It employs structural decomposition analysis [...] Read more.
The present study investigates Vietnam’s economic structural transformation from 2007 to 2023, identifying key sectors contributing to output growth and poverty reduction. The study is situated within the broader context of industrialization and sustainable development in emerging economies. It employs structural decomposition analysis using Vietnam’s national input–output tables for the years 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, and 2023. The analysis decomposes changes in total output into technical effects and final demand effects, allowing for an evaluation of the relative contributions of sectoral productivity and demand side factors. The findings of the study indicate that the manufacturing and services sectors have been the primary drivers of economic growth, with the electrical and optical equipment, food, beverages and tobacco, and basic metals sectors demonstrating particularly strong performance. The factor of final demand, which is derived from consumption, investment, and exports, has played a dominant role in driving output. Notably, export-led manufacturing has experienced significant benefits due to Vietnam’s engagement in free trade agreements. It is noteworthy that the agriculture sector demonstrated a period of recovery between 2019 and 2023, driven by an increase in final demand. This study underscores the pivotal function of sectoral adaptability, trade openness, and strategic policy in maintaining inclusive economic development. It is evident that the phenomenon under scrutiny is not only indicative of vulnerabilities and opportunities but also shaped by global shocks, for example, the coronavirus pandemic. Full article
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12 pages, 419 KiB  
Article
Firm-Level Carbon Productivity, Home Country Environmental Performance, and Firm Performance in the Exporting Meat Industry
by Valeska V. Geldres-Weiss, Pedro E. Guerrero-Stuardo, Svetla Marinova, Vesnia Ortiz-Cea and Roberto Reveco
Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5381; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125381 - 11 Jun 2025
Viewed by 454
Abstract
This study explores the relationship between firm-level carbon productivity (CRP), home country environmental performance (HCEP), and firm performance—both financial and international—in the global meat exporting industry. While prior research has examined these dynamics in manufacturing sectors, limited attention has been paid to the [...] Read more.
This study explores the relationship between firm-level carbon productivity (CRP), home country environmental performance (HCEP), and firm performance—both financial and international—in the global meat exporting industry. While prior research has examined these dynamics in manufacturing sectors, limited attention has been paid to the meat industry, which is both economically significant and environmentally intensive. Using a multiple case study approach, we analyze data from three leading meat-exporting firms—Agrosuper (Chile), BRF (Brazil), and Danish Crown (Denmark)—over the period 2020–2023. CRP is operationalized as the ratio of firm output to CO2 emissions, while HCEP is measured by national emissions per million USD of GDP. Financial performance is assessed via return on assets (ROA), and international performance through export intensity. Our findings reveal a nuanced relationship between CRP and firm performance. Contrary to theoretical expectations, a higher CRP does not consistently translate into improved financial performance, suggesting potential trade-offs between sustainability investments and profitability. However, a positive association is observed between CRP and international performance, particularly in firms operating within environmentally advanced countries. These results highlight the importance of home country environmental contexts in shaping firms’ global competitiveness. This research contributes to the literature by introducing CRP as a firm-level metric in the meat industry and by emphasizing the moderating role of HCEP. The findings offer practical implications for policymakers and managers seeking to align environmental responsibility with economic and international performance goals. Full article
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22 pages, 430 KiB  
Article
A Research on the Sustainable Impact of FTA Strategy on the Global Value Chain Embedding of Listed Enterprises in China
by Jinlong Zhao, Yaqi Pang and Wenfan Gao
Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5092; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115092 - 1 Jun 2025
Viewed by 678
Abstract
The Free Trade Area (FTA) strategy and the participation of enterprises in global value chains (GVCs) are important aspects of China’s high-quality economic development stage. This study matches trade data from the China Customs Import and Export database with information from listed firms [...] Read more.
The Free Trade Area (FTA) strategy and the participation of enterprises in global value chains (GVCs) are important aspects of China’s high-quality economic development stage. This study matches trade data from the China Customs Import and Export database with information from listed firms in the CSMAR database, calculating the firms’ GVC embeddedness and the depth of trade agreements at the firm level. On this basis, this research employs a gravity model with fixed effects to empirically analyze the impact and mechanism of the FTA strategy on the embedding of Chinese listed firms in GVCs, utilizing data from 2000 to 2006. The results demonstrate that the FTA strategy substantially enhances the embeddedness of Chinese listed enterprises in GVCs. The heterogeneity analysis indicates that state-owned enterprises, those located in the central and western regions, manufacturing firms, and high-tech industry enterprises derive greater advantages from the FTA strategy in terms of their embeddedness in GVCs. Moreover, the mechanism analysis indicates that the FTA strategy enhances the embeddedness of enterprises in GVCs by increasing their technological innovation levels. Additionally, the internal control costs of enterprises negatively moderate the impact of the FTA strategy on their embedding in GVCs, and a “substitution effect” exists between asset operating efficiency and the FTA strategy in promoting the GVC embedding of listed firms. These findings provide empirical evidence and policy recommendations for the Chinese government to enhance the FTA strategy and sustainably improve the embeddedness of Chinese listed enterprises in GVCs. Full article
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19 pages, 1175 KiB  
Article
Omnichannel and Product Quality Attributes in Food E-Retail: A Choice Experiment on Consumer Purchases of Australian Beef in China
by Yaochen Hou, Shoufeng Cao, Kim Bryceson, Phillip Currey and Asif Yaseen
Foods 2025, 14(10), 1813; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14101813 - 20 May 2025
Viewed by 575
Abstract
With the rise of omnichannel (OC) retailing in food e-retail, understanding how OC retailing and product quality attributes influence consumer purchasing behaviour and value perceptions is crucial for developing e-retail strategies and enhancing consumer services. This study examined their impacts on Chinese consumers’ [...] Read more.
With the rise of omnichannel (OC) retailing in food e-retail, understanding how OC retailing and product quality attributes influence consumer purchasing behaviour and value perceptions is crucial for developing e-retail strategies and enhancing consumer services. This study examined their impacts on Chinese consumers’ purchases of Australian beef (brisket) through a discrete choice experiment in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen and analysed 872 valid responses using multinomial logit, random parameter logit, and latent class models. Our findings reveal that Chinese consumers prefer buying Australian brisket via OC apps and offline stores, paying approx. 44% and 134% more per 500 g, respectively, compared to self-operated e-commerce stores. Brand, manufacturer and origin traceability are key quality attributes, with additional paid for brisket manufactured and packaged in Australia (under Australian brands) and featuring the MLA “True Aussie Beef” label over QR codes. This study also identified four distinct consumer clusters: (i) premium shoppers, (ii) channel and traceability-oriented shoppers, (iii) omnichannel and price-oriented shoppers and (iv) tech-savvy and discerning shoppers, highlighting varying sensitivities to e-retail channels and product attributes. These findings offer strategic and actionable insights for Australian beef exporters and OC retailers seeking to optimise consumer engagement and value creation in China’s evolving e-retail landscape. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sensory and Consumer Sciences)
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18 pages, 2444 KiB  
Article
A Material Flow Analysis of Electric Vehicle Lithium-ion Batteries: Sustainable Supply Chain Management Strategies
by Hyeong-Jin Choi, Minjung Kim, Hyung Joo Roh, Donggun Hwang, Young-Sam Yoon, Young-Yeul Kang and Tae-Wan Jeon
Sustainability 2025, 17(10), 4560; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17104560 - 16 May 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 950
Abstract
The increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has highlighted the need for sustainable lithium-ion battery (LIB) management. This study presents a material flow analysis (MFA) of EV LIBs in the Republic of Korea (RoK), using both a mass-based MFA and a substance flow [...] Read more.
The increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has highlighted the need for sustainable lithium-ion battery (LIB) management. This study presents a material flow analysis (MFA) of EV LIBs in the Republic of Korea (RoK), using both a mass-based MFA and a substance flow analysis (SFA). The analysis defines 33 systems and 170 flows across the manufacturing, consumption, discharge and collection, and treatment stages, based on national statistics and data from 11 commercial facilities. In 2022, about 72,446 t of EV LIBs entered the consumption stage through new vehicle sales and battery replacements. However, domestic recovery was limited, as approximately 76.5% of used EVs were exported, reducing the volume of batteries available for recycling. The SFA, focusing on nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), and lithium (Li), showed recovery rates of 69% for Ni, 80% for Co, 1% for Mn, and 80% for Li. Mn was not recovered because its low market price made the recovery process economically impractical. Additional losses occurred from the incineration of separators containing black mass and lithium discharged through wastewater. These findings offer data-driven insights to improve recovery efficiency, guide policy, and enhance the circularity of EV LIB management in the RoK. Full article
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30 pages, 1617 KiB  
Article
Does Green Finance Facilitate the Upgrading of Green Export Quality? Evidence from China’s Green Loan Interest Subsidies Policy
by Jinming Shi, Jia Li, Shuai Jiang, Yingqian Liu and Xiaoyu Yin
Sustainability 2025, 17(10), 4375; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17104375 - 12 May 2025
Viewed by 711
Abstract
In the global pursuit of sustainable development and climate change mitigation, reconciling export growth with environmental protection has emerged as a universal challenge. As the world’s largest developing economy, China has traditionally relied on a resource-intensive development model to fuel rapid foreign trade [...] Read more.
In the global pursuit of sustainable development and climate change mitigation, reconciling export growth with environmental protection has emerged as a universal challenge. As the world’s largest developing economy, China has traditionally relied on a resource-intensive development model to fuel rapid foreign trade growth. However, this extensive growth pattern has not only led to environmental pollution domestically but has also encountered hurdles from international green trade barriers. Finance, as a key driver of stable economic growth, plays a pivotal role in achieving high-quality trade development. Against this backdrop, the Chinese government has introduced the green credit interest subsidies policy. This policy aims to coordinate government financial resources and guide capital toward green production, alleviating financing constraints and fostering the upgrading of export product quality. Utilizing data from the World Bank, China Customs statistics, and provincial panels from 2011 to 2020, this study employs a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) model to examine the causal impact of the green credit subsidies policy on efforts to upgrade the export quality of green products across China’s regions. The benchmark regression results indicate that the green credit interest subsidies policy has significantly improved the export quality of green products across China’s manufacturing industries. Heterogeneity analysis shows that this policy has had a more pronounced positive impact on green product quality in industries with quality-based competition strategies, in regions with well-coordinated local finance and financial policies, as well as in countries that have concluded environmental clauses with China. Mechanism analysis reveals that, on the export side, the policy enhances green product quality by easing financing constraints, increasing green credit, boosting productivity, and upgrading industrial structures. On the import side, the policy promotes green product quality by expanding the scale, variety, and quality of green intermediate goods. This research offers valuable insights for developing countries aiming to establish export-oriented green transformation and upgrading strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Sustainable and Green Finance)
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14 pages, 2851 KiB  
Article
Guided Frontal Sinus Osteotomy: A Pilot Study of a Digital Protocol for “In-House” Manufacturing Surgical Cutting Guides
by Antonio Romano, Stefania Troise, Raffaele Spinelli, Vincenzo Abbate and Giovanni Dell’Aversana Orabona
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(9), 3141; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14093141 - 1 May 2025
Viewed by 527
Abstract
Objective: Frontal sinus surgery is still challenging for surgeons; the frontal osteotomy with the preparation of a frontal bone flap to access the sinus is usually hand-crafted by experienced surgeons. The objective of our study is to present a fully digital protocol for [...] Read more.
Objective: Frontal sinus surgery is still challenging for surgeons; the frontal osteotomy with the preparation of a frontal bone flap to access the sinus is usually hand-crafted by experienced surgeons. The objective of our study is to present a fully digital protocol for the manufacturing of “in-house” surgical cutting guides, customized to the patient’s anatomy, to perform precise frontal sinus osteotomy, showing the costs, times, and intraoperative complications reduction. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 12 patients with complex pathologies involving the frontal sinus who underwent frontal sinus osteotomy in the Maxillofacial Surgery Unit of the Federico II University of Naples, from January 2021 to April 2025, considering the last surgery in November 2023. The same digital protocol to manufacture the surgical cutting guide was used for all the 12 patients. The first step was to upload the preoperative CT images in DICOM format to the software Mimics Medical to perform a rapid segmentation of the skull region of interest to create a 3D object and to identify the frontal sinus margins and the osteotomy lines. The second step was to realize the surgical cutting guide, incorporating the design of titanium plates to fix onto the skull in order to make a precise osteotomy. The final digital step was to export the cutting guide 3D object in the software “Formlab-Form 3B” to print the model with a specific resin. The model was then used during the surgery to perform the precise frontal osteotomy by piezo surgery. The clinical outcomes, in terms of complications and recurrences, were then recorded. Results: In all the patients, no intraoperative complications occurred; the median follow-up was 31.7 months and at one year of follow-up only one patient experienced a recurrence. The mean operative time was about 4 h, with a frontal osteotomy time of about 23 min. Digital protocol time was about 4 h while printing times were between 2 and 4 h. Conclusions: This “in-house” protocol seems to demonstrate that the use of intraoperative templates for the realization of the frontal sinus osteotomy reduces preoperative and intraoperative costs and times, reducing the risk of intraoperative complications, and also allows less experienced surgeons to perform the procedure safely. Obviously, this study is to be considered a “pilot study”, and other studies with large cohorts of patients will have to confirm these promising results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Maxillofacial Surgery)
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26 pages, 2004 KiB  
Article
Can the Reform of “Streamline Administration and Delegate Power, Improve Regulation, and Optimize Services” Help Drive Export Diversification of Wood-Processing Enterprises?
by Jianling Chen, Jixing Huang, Weijian Kang and Weiming Lin
Forests 2025, 16(5), 762; https://doi.org/10.3390/f16050762 - 30 Apr 2025
Viewed by 422
Abstract
The Chinese government has often been suspected of excessively intervening in the market. The reform of “Streamline Administration and Delegate Power, Improve Regulation, and Optimize Services” (RSDO) is a key initiative by the Chinese government to help enterprises improve their international competitive advantage [...] Read more.
The Chinese government has often been suspected of excessively intervening in the market. The reform of “Streamline Administration and Delegate Power, Improve Regulation, and Optimize Services” (RSDO) is a key initiative by the Chinese government to help enterprises improve their international competitive advantage through institutional reforms. Few studies have empirically tested the effects of RSDO on enterprises’ export diversification. Using the data of 2141 wood-processing enterprises (WPEs) in China in 2014, this study applies zero-truncated negative binomial regression and the Tobit model to evaluate the effects of prefecture-level RSDO on enterprises’ export product and market diversification. The results show that the RSDO can enhance WPEs’ export product diversification without significantly impacting export market diversification. Regarding specific indicators, the reforms of “Streamline Administration and Delegate Power” and “Improve Regulation” significantly positively affect export product and market diversification. In contrast, the optimization of government services shows no significant impact. Heterogeneity tests show that the RSDO promotes export diversification in wooden products and furniture manufacturing enterprises, smaller enterprises, domestic enterprises, and those with weaker operational capabilities. The impact mechanism shows that the RSDO aids sample enterprises in enhancing export product diversification by lowering operational costs and supports export market diversification by encouraging technological innovation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Forest Economics, Policy, and Social Science)
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20 pages, 1157 KiB  
Article
Environmental Target Constraint and Corporate Pollution Emissions: Evidence from China
by Yu Zhang, Lijun Hu and Ruilei Liu
Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3980; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093980 - 28 Apr 2025
Viewed by 483
Abstract
Combining Chinese industrial enterprise data and the green development database, this paper delves into the causal link between environmental target constraints (ETCs) and pollution emissions using the difference-in-differences (DID) framework. The empirical results reveal that ETC significantly reduces pollution emissions from manufacturing enterprises [...] Read more.
Combining Chinese industrial enterprise data and the green development database, this paper delves into the causal link between environmental target constraints (ETCs) and pollution emissions using the difference-in-differences (DID) framework. The empirical results reveal that ETC significantly reduces pollution emissions from manufacturing enterprises in China, lowering pollution levels by 0.47%. This conclusion remains robust after a battery of sensitivity tests, including the difference-in-differences-in-differences (DDD) approach and the PSM-DID method, among others. Heterogeneity analyses suggest that this causal impact appears more pronounced for private firms, exporting firms, and enterprises located in non-resource-based cities. A deeper analysis explores the mechanisms through which ETCs influence pollution emissions, highlighting output scale contraction, technological innovation, and resource allocation optimization as key transmission channels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)
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20 pages, 1116 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Effects of Economic Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization on the Export Performance of Ethiopian Privatized Manufacturing Firms
by Mohammed Ahmed Endris, Abebe Ejigu Alemu and Abiot Tsegaye Kibret
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 158; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050158 - 25 Apr 2025
Viewed by 809
Abstract
This study investigates the dynamic effect of economic liberalization, privatization, and globalization on the export performance of Ethiopian manufacturing firms. We use structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the direct and indirect influences between these macroeconomic reforms and export performance, which are mediated [...] Read more.
This study investigates the dynamic effect of economic liberalization, privatization, and globalization on the export performance of Ethiopian manufacturing firms. We use structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the direct and indirect influences between these macroeconomic reforms and export performance, which are mediated by firms’ competitive priorities in the global market, using cross-sectional data from 114 manufacturing privatized manufacturing firms by using key informant techniques. The study looks into how firms’ export competitiveness and export performance are affected by economic liberalization, privatization, and global market integration since 1991 national economic reform. This model identified liberalization, privatization, and globalization as independent variables that mediated export performance under competitive priority. The findings of the proposed framework showed that all of the predictive variables (LPG) were significant at p < 0.05, indicating that liberalization, privatization, and economic globalization influence export performance across all competitive priorities. The result further revealed that by expanding access to international markets and promoting competitive efficiency, economic globalization/integration, privatization incentives, and economic liberalization changes all significantly improve export performance. The results also infer that LPG provides an intervening role in boosting export performance under firms’ competitive priorities (cost, flexibility, and quality). However, resolving issues, including inefficient regulations and inconsistent incentives, is important to realize these advantages. To optimize the advantages of these dynamics, policymakers must concentrate on establishing a business environment that encourages firms to partake in export, innovation, and competition. The study contributes to the literature by offering sector-specific insights for policymakers aiming to optimize privatization strategies and trade reforms to boost Ethiopia’s manufacturing exports. The results underscore the need for targeted policy interventions to mitigate short-term disruptions while maximizing long-term export gains in a liberalized economy. Full article
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