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18 pages, 11663 KB

Open AccessArticle

Design and Performance Characterization of the E-Core Outer-Rotor Hybrid-Excitation Flux Switching Machine

by Zhiyuan Xu and Ming Cheng

Energies 2025, 18(3), 629; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18030629 - 29 Jan 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 831

This paper proposes an E-core outer-rotor hybrid-excitation flux switching (OR-HEFS) machine for in-wheel direct driving application. According to the general air gap field modulation theory, the magneto-motive force (MMF) permeance model was established to investigate the air gap flux density, and then the torque generation, the flux regulation principle, and the excitation-winding-induced voltage of the E-core OR-HEFS machine were analyzed. To characterize the output performances, the influence of the design parameters was investigated for the E-core OR-HEFS machine, including the split ratio, stator tooth arc, PM arc, fault-tolerant tooth arc, rotor tooth arc, stator yoke width and rotor yoke width. The performances contained the output torque, torque ripple, flux regulation ratio, and the excitation-winding-induced voltage. On this basis, the aforementioned four performances were optimized by means of the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). Based on the optimization result, a prototype was manufactured and tested to verify the whole investigation of this paper. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Journey of Energy and Electric Vehicle Revolutions-Infinities Possibilities in the Science World: In Honor of Prof. Dr. C.C. Chan’s 90th Birthday)

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17 pages, 23136 KB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of an Axial Field Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Generator

by Junyue Yu, Shushu Zhu and Chuang Liu

Energies 2024, 17(24), 6329; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17246329 - 16 Dec 2024

Viewed by 864

Abstract

An axial field hybrid excitation synchronous generator (AF-HESG) is proposed for an independent power supply system, and its electromagnetic performance is studied in this paper. The distinguishing feature of the proposed generator is the addition of static magnetic bridges at both ends to place the field windings and the use of a sloping surface to increase the additional air-gap cross-sectional area. The advantage of the structure is that it achieves brushless excitation and improves the flux-regulation range. The structure and magnetic circuit characteristics are introduced in detail. Theoretical analysis of the flux-regulation principle is conducted by studying the relationship between field magnetomotive force, rotor reluctance, and air-gap flux density. Quantitative calculation is performed using a magnetomotive force (MMF)-specific permeance model, and the influence of the main parameters on the air-gap flux density and flux-regulation range is analyzed. Subsequently, magnetic field, no-load, and load characteristics are investigated through three-dimensional finite element analysis. The loss distribution is analyzed, and the temperature of the generator under rated conditions is simulated. Finally, a 30 kW, 1500 r/min prototype is developed and tested. The test results show good flux-regulation capability and stable voltage output performance of the proposed generator. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section F: Electrical Engineering)

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13 pages, 5736 KB

Open AccessArticle

Study on Winding Inductances in Stator Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Machines

by Xiaofeng Zhu and Yan Yue

Energies 2024, 17(21), 5359; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17215359 - 28 Oct 2024

Viewed by 1046

Abstract

Winding inductance always plays a key role in the electromagnetic performances of stator surface-mounted permanent magnet (SSPM) machines, including their flux-weakening capability, prospective fault current, power factor, current ripple, etc. Generally speaking, winding inductance mainly comprises three components: an air-gap component, a slot-leakage component, and an end-leakage component. In this paper, firstly, the winding pole pairs of SSPM machines are investigated based on the magneto-motive force-permeance model, through which the winding configurations can also be determined. Then, according to the winding configurations, three analytical expressions for each inductance component are derived to evaluate the winding inductance per phase. In addition, finite element analysis (FEA) is employed to verify the effectiveness of the derived analytical expressions. Meanwhile, three prototyped SSPM machines are manufactured, and their winding inductances are measured to further verify the analytical expressions. The measured results agree with both the analytical and FEA results very well. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section E: Electric Vehicles)

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13 pages, 16533 KB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of DC Winding Induced Voltage in Wound-Rotor Synchronous Machines by Using the Air-Gap Field Modulation Principle

by Wentao Zhang, Ying Fan, Z. Q. Zhu, Zhongze Wu, Wei Hua and Ming Cheng

World Electr. Veh. J. 2022, 13(11), 215; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj13110215 - 17 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3690

Abstract

In order to analyze the DC winding induced voltage in the wound-rotor synchronous machine, this paper uses the air-gap field modulation principle to investigate its operation mechanism and harmonic order. By establishing the analytical magneto-motive force (MMF)-permeance model, the DC winding induced voltage per electrical cycle under open-circuit condition, armature reaction condition and on-load condition are deduced. Analytical analysis shows that the MMF function, stator and rotor permeance function are critical factors that influence the harmonic order of the DC winding induced voltage. The analysis results are compared with those predicted by the finite element analysis (FEA). Both non-linear steel and linear steel conditions are accounted in the FEA analysis, and the results show that the analytical deduction result agrees well with the FEA analysis result. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Novel Permanent Magnet and Magnetless Machines and Control for Electric Vehicles)

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16 pages, 8582 KB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Study of Consequent-Pole Switched-Flux Machines with Different U-Shaped PM Structures

by Ya Li, Hui Yang and Heyun Lin

World Electr. Veh. J. 2021, 12(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj12010022 - 7 Feb 2021

Viewed by 3345

Abstract

This paper presents a comparative study of two consequent-pole switched-flux permanent magnet (CP-SFPM) machines with different U-shaped PM arrangements. In order to address the flux barrier effect in a sandwiched SFPM machine, two different alternate U-shaped PM designs are introduced to improve the torque capability, forming two CP-SFPM machine topologies. In order to reveal the influence of different magnet designs on the torque production, a simplified PM magneto-motive force (MMF)-permeance model is employed to identify the effective working harmonics in the two CP-SFPM machines. The torque contributions of the main working harmonics are subsequently quantified by a hybrid finite-element (FE)/analytical method. Multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) optimization is then employed to optimize the design parameters of the proposed CP-SFPM machines. In addition, the electromagnetic characteristics of the CP-SFPM machines with two U-shaped PM arrangements are investigated and compared by the FE method. Finally, a 6/13-pole CP-SFPM machine with an optimally selected U-shaped PM structure is manufactured and tested to validate the FE analyses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Permanent Magnet Machines and Drives for Electric Vehicles)

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19 pages, 5634 KB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Magnetic Field and Electromagnetic Performance of a New Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Motor with dual-V type Magnets

by Wenjing Hu, Xueyi Zhang, Hongbin Yin, Huihui Geng, Yufeng Zhang and Liwei Shi

Energies 2020, 13(6), 1501; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13061501 - 22 Mar 2020

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4760

Abstract

Due to the increasing energy crisis and environmental pollution, the development of drive motors for new energy vehicles (NEVs) has become the focus of popular attention. To improve the sine of the air-gap flux density and flux regulation capacity of drive motors, a new hybrid excitation synchronous motor (HESM) has been proposed. The HESM adopts a salient pole rotor with built-in dual-V permanent magnets (PMs), non-arc pole shoes and excitation windings. The fundamental topology, operating principle and analytical model for a magnetic field are presented. In the analytical model, the rotor magnetomotive force (MMF) is derived based on the minimum reluctance principle, and the permeance function considering a non-uniform air-gap is calculated using the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) method. Besides, the electromagnetic performance including the air-gap magnetic field and flux regulation capacity is analyzed by the finite element method (FEM). The simulation results of the air-gap magnetic field are consistent with the analytical results. The experiment and simulation results of the performance show that the flux waveform is sinusoidal-shaped and the air-gap flux can be adjusted effectively by changing the excitation current. This study provides design methods and theoretical analysis references for this type of HESM. Full article

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