Search Results (434)

Background/Objectives: Advanced hormone receptor-positive (HR+), epidermal growth factor 2-negative (HER2−) breast carcinoma (BC) patients receive frontline therapy with cyclin-dependent tyrosine kinase 4/6 inhibitors + endocrine therapy (ET). At progression, the best management includes mutational analysis for ESR-1, allowing second-line therapy with elacestrant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of elacestrant in an Italian real-world setting. Methods: A multicenter, observational study with a mixed retrospective and prospective design was conducted in 13 medical oncology units across Italy. The study population included adult patients with HR+/HER2− locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer with an activating ESR1 mutation documented by liquid biopsy and progressing after at least one line of endocrine therapy containing a CDK4/6 inhibitor. Mutational analysis of plasma was performed using next-generation sequencing with a multigene panel that included ESR1, PIK3CA, AKT, and PTEN. The sample size was calculated according to the two-stage Simon design. Toxicity was classified according to CTCAE version 5.0 criteria. Survival analyses were conducted using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results: At the time of analysis, 39 evaluable patients were enrolled, all female and Caucasian, with a median age of 67 years (range 41–89). The efficacy analysis documented an overall ORR of 28% and a disease control rate of 56%. The median duration of response was 6+ months (95% CL: 3.5–10.6 m). Median overall survival was not reached with a median follow-up of 10 months. The toxicity profile was overall favorable: grade ≥2 asthenia was the most frequent adverse event (23%), followed by gastrointestinal toxicity, which was generally mild. No treatment-related toxicity was reported in 64% of patients. Dose reductions were necessary in 15% of cases, while permanent treatment discontinuation due to toxicity occurred in only 4%. Conclusions: The results of this Italian multicenter observational study confirm the efficacy and tolerability of elacestrant in HR+/HER2− metastatic breast cancer with ESR1 mutation, in a real-world context consistent with the data from the pivotal EMERALD study and with real-world data present in the literature. Full article

As transportation-related environmental pressures intensify, understanding the psychological mechanisms underlying battery electric vehicle (BEV) adoption has become increasingly important. Drawing on the Value–Attitude–Behavior (VAB) framework, this study investigates how perceived green value, hedonic value, and utilitarian value shape Chinese consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions toward BEVs, while examining the moderating roles of technophilia, range anxiety, and battery cost. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in China, yielding 596 valid responses. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) were employed for data analysis. The results show that perceived hedonic value exerts the strongest positive effect on Attitude Toward Using BEVs (β = 0.591, p < 0.001), followed by perceived utilitarian value (β = 0.135, p < 0.001) and perceived green value (β = 0.074, p = 0.026). Attitude Toward Using significantly predicts BEV purchase intention (β = 0.151, p = 0.002). Technophilia significantly moderates the relationship between attitude and purchase intention (β = −0.096, p = 0.002), whereas the moderating effects of range anxiety and battery cost are not significant. The structural model explains 40.9% of the variance in attitude and 24.2% of the variance in purchase intention. NCA results further reveal that hedonic value constitutes the most critical necessary condition for forming favorable attitudes toward BEVs (d = 0.079, p < 0.001). This study contributes to the sustainable mobility literature by extending the VAB framework through the integration of multidimensional perceived value and necessary condition logic within the Chinese BEV context. The findings highlight that experiential and technological enjoyment, rather than environmental concern alone, has become a central driver of BEV adoption in emerging electric mobility markets. Full article

The performance of inverted CH₃NH₃GeI₃ (MAGeI₃) perovskite solar cells incorporating both a hole transport layer (HTL) and an electron transport layer (ETL) was investigated using the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS). Three candidate HTLs, including PEDOT:PSS, MoS₂, and WS₂, along with five ETLs including PCBM, TiO₂, IGZO, ZnO, and SnO₂, have been systematically evaluated. The analysis shows that WS₂ and SnO₂ provided the most favorable hole and electron transport, respectively. To improve device efficiency, the absorber layer thickness, defect density in MAGeI₃, doping levels of WS₂ and SnO₂, as well as the interface defect densities and the work function of indium tin oxide (ITO), have been systematically studied. The optimal absorber layer thickness is determined to be approximately 900 nm. The optimal doping density of both WS₂ and SnO₂ is 1 × 10¹⁹ cm⁻³. The MAGeI₃ layer should maintain a defect density as low as 1 × 10¹⁵ cm⁻³, and the defect densities at MAGeI₃ interfaces should remain at 1 × 10¹⁵ cm⁻². Additionally, an ITO work function of at least 5.2 eV is necessary to prevent the formation of a Schottky barrier at the ITO/WS₂ interface. The simulated power conversion efficiency (PCE) can reach 22.9% under these optimized conditions. Our simulation results offer a viable route to develop high-efficiency MAGeI₃ perovskite solar cells. Full article

Background/Objectives: Peripheral pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) is a minimally invasive option for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) with a favorable safety profile compared with neurorestorative techniques, but its durability and recurrence patterns remain uncertain. This study evaluated the early effectiveness, durability, recurrence-free survival, and safety of peripheral PRF in refractory classical or idiopathic TN. Methods: This retrospective single-center cohort study assessed procedure-level outcomes of peripheral PRF targeting the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular branches. Pain intensity and clinical status were evaluated using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) pain score. Early effectiveness was defined as clinically meaningful pain relief sustained for at least 1 month, and sustained effectiveness as NRS ≤ 3 at 6 months. Recurrence-free survival was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier methods. Results: A total of 68 procedures in 57 patients were analyzed. Early effectiveness at 1 month was achieved in 85.3% of procedures. Median NRS decreased from 9 (IQR 8–9) at baseline to 2 (0–4) at 1 month and 0 (0–2) at 3 and 6 months (p < 0.001). In a worst-case analysis, 6-month sustained effectiveness was 72.1%. Recurrence occurred in 61.8% of procedures, with a median recurrence-free survival of 11 months. Among procedures with recurrence, repeat peripheral PRF was performed in 45.2%. Medication requirements decreased in 66.2% of procedures, and no major complications occurred. Conclusions: Peripheral PRF provides rapid and meaningful early pain relief in TN, but durability is limited. These findings support peripheral PRF as a safe, repeatable neuromodulatory intervention within a staged treatment strategy rather than a definitive therapy. Full article

Background/Objectives: This updated systematic review and meta-analysis provide a focused synthesis of contemporary evidence on clinical outcomes reported after the Latarjet procedure and Free Bone Block (FBB) techniques for anterior shoulder instability, focusing on recurrence, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), return to sport, complications, and osteoarthritis progression. Given that most available studies report single-procedure cohorts, between-technique comparisons were interpreted in the context of indirect evidence and study-level heterogeneity. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The updated search included studies published from 2019 to May 2024 and was integrated with 70 studies from the previous review that were re-screened according to the same eligibility criteria. Eligible studies reported outcomes for the Latarjet or FBB procedure, with a minimum 2-year follow-up and at least five patients in the relevant treatment cohort. Risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2 and MINORS tools. Outcomes were synthesized using random-effects meta-analysis. Pooled estimates were calculated separately for each procedure, and between-technique contrasts were treated as exploratory and descriptive when appropriate. Heterogeneity was assessed using I². Results: Ninety-eight studies with 6043 patients and 6071 shoulders were included: 72 on Latarjet, 23 on FBB, and 3 direct comparative studies. Both procedures were associated with low recurrence rates, improved PROMs, and comparable return-to-sport rates. Recurrence was 7% for Latarjet and 5% for FBB. Return to sport was 66% after Latarjet and 65% after FBB. Complication rates were 5% for Latarjet and 8% for FBB, while osteoarthritis progression was 12% and 9%, respectively. PROMs improved after both techniques, although differences between procedures should be interpreted cautiously because of the indirect nature of most comparisons and substantial heterogeneity across studies. Conclusions: Both Latarjet and FBB procedures were associated with generally favorable outcomes for anterior shoulder instability with bone loss in the included studies. The available evidence suggests broadly comparable clinical outcomes, with possible differences in complication profile, recurrence pattern, and osteoarthritis progression. However, these findings should be interpreted considering differences in patient characteristics, follow-up duration, surgical technique, graft type, and outcome definitions across studies. Current evidence does not allow definitive conclusions regarding the superiority of one technique over the other, but it provides useful descriptive outcome profiles to inform clinical decision-making and guide future direct comparative research. Full article

Field hyperspectral sensing can estimate crop biomass, but model ranking may depend strongly on validation design. We evaluated winter wheat aboveground dry biomass (AGDB) estimation using 84 canopy spectra collected across two growing seasons and seven nitrogen-management treatments in Shanxi, China. Six spectral inputs were compared with CARS-UVE band selection, partial least squares regression (PLSR), and support vector regression (SVR). Under a conventional 70/30 pooled split, SG + CARS-UVE + SVR gave the highest apparent accuracy (R² = 0.8864, RMSE = 0.1174 kg m⁻², RPD = 2.9665). This advantage was not stable. Across 20 SG-based repeated splits, CARS-UVE-SVR reached a mean R² of 0.7413 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.6941–0.7885, similar to full-band PLSR (0.7448, 0.7058–0.7837), and pairwise tests showed no significant R² advantage. Cross-year transfer further favored simpler latent-variable models: SG + CARS-UVE + PLSR reached R² = 0.7577 in the 2021 → 2022 direction, whereas the pooled best SVR model dropped to R² = 0.3402. A stricter same-window cross-year analysis produced weak or negative R² values, showing that broad phenological biomass gradients supported much of the pooled accuracy. Recurrent selected regions occurred near 436–441 nm, 506–516 nm, and 711–713 nm. These findings suggest that repeated and transfer-oriented validation should be used routinely before hyperspectral biomass models are interpreted for cross-season crop monitoring. Full article

Two bio-based insulating oils (BHOs) with average carbon chain lengths of approximately 18 and 22 were investigated as short- and long-chain BHOs. By constructing an oil-paper composite insulation system, the generation law of characteristic gases in the two systems was studied by partial discharge experiments. Based on the ReaxFF reaction molecular dynamics simulation under electrothermal coupling stress, the cracking path, cracking rate, evolution of oxygen-containing small molecules, and generation path of characteristic gases of cellulose polymer were revealed. Both systems produced H₂, CH₄, C₂H₂, C₂H₄, C₂H₆, CO, and CO₂, with CO₂ dominant and C₂H₆ least abundant. The short-chain BHO generated markedly higher amounts of H₂, CO, C₂H₂, and C₂H₄ than the long-chain BHO; after 15 min, its H₂ and CO concentrations were about 3.4- and 2.1-times those in the long-chain system, respectively. ReaxFF simulations showed that cellulose degradation in the short-chain BHO followed stepwise chain scission and continuous decarbonylation, favoring CO and unsaturated gas precursors. In contrast, cellulose chains disappeared faster in the long-chain BHO, producing more oxygen-containing organic fragments and C₁-C₅ oxygenated molecules and a higher small-molecule conversion ratio. Characteristic gas pathway analysis revealed that all seven gases could be generated from cellulose pyrolysis intermediates, and different oil environments primarily influenced gas generation behavior by altering the evolution pathways of these intermediates. These findings, at the molecular scale, elucidate the impact of BHO environments on the degradation mechanism of cellulose polymers, providing a theoretical basis for the condition assessment and design of environmentally friendly oil-paper insulation systems. Full article

Mountain stream ecosystems are often considered among the least disturbed freshwater environments; however, increasing land-use pressures may affect their ecological integrity even under apparently high-water quality conditions. This study aimed to assess the relative influence of landscape, physicochemical, and hydromorphological factors on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in three sub-catchments (Ambroz, Jerte, and Tiétar) of the Sierra de Gredos (Central Spain). A total of 33 sampling sites were surveyed, and macroinvertebrate assemblages were analyzed in relation to environmental variables using partial Redundancy Analysis (pRDA) and variance partitioning. All sites were classified as having “Excellent” ecological status based on the Iberian Biological Monitoring Working Party (IBMWP) index. However, multivariate analyses revealed clear spatial patterns and responses to environmental gradients. Results indicated that catchment-scale landscape characteristics defined the pool of potential colonizers, while local physicochemical and hydromorphological conditions acted as secondary filters structuring macroinvertebrate assemblages. Landscape variables explained the largest fraction of variance in community structure (30.6%), followed by physicochemical parameters (29.0%) and hydromorphological indices (24.9%), with a significant shared component (16.5%) indicating interactions among drivers. Agricultural land use, particularly in the Jerte sub-catchment, was associated with shifts in community composition, favoring tolerant taxa such as Diptera, while sub-catchments dominated by natural vegetation supported higher richness of sensitive groups, including Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. These findings highlight the importance of multi-scale processes in structuring mountain stream communities and reveal limitations of traditional biotic indices in detecting early ecological changes. The results support the integration of catchment-scale variables into ecological assessment frameworks and emphasize the need for preventive, basin-scale management strategies to maintain ecological integrity under increasing anthropogenic pressure. Full article

Background/Objectives: Peritoneal metastases from breast cancer (PMBC) are rare, aggressive, and lack standardized management. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has emerged as a potential locoregional strategy for highly selected patients. This PRISMA-informed narrative review used a structured and reproducible search and study-selection process, SWiM-guided narrative synthesis, and descriptive pooled individual-patient data (IPD) analysis to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and reported oncologic outcomes of CRS plus HIPEC in PMBC. Methods: The English-language literature was searched in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar up to 31 December 2025. Eligible peer-reviewed full-text articles reported PMBC patients treated with CRS plus HIPEC and at least one perioperative or oncologic outcome. Patient-level data were extracted when explicitly reported and were summarized descriptively; no inferential survival analysis was performed. Risk of bias was assessed using JBI checklists for case reports/series and ROBINS-I for the multicenter cohort. Results: Six peer-reviewed studies were included (66 PMBC patients); 30 patients underwent CRS plus HIPEC. Five studies provided sufficient patient-level data for descriptive pooled IPD analysis (n = 17). Median age at CRS/HIPEC was 56 years (n = 13 with reported age), and the median interval between breast cancer diagnosis and PMBC was 12 years (range 0–30 years; available-case analysis). Median PCI was 21.5 (n = 16), and complete cytoreduction (CC-0) was achieved in 9 of 17 patients. Major postoperative morbidity occurred in 17.6%, while no in-hospital or 30-day mortality was reported. Reported disease-control and survival outcomes were heterogeneous and are therefore summarized only descriptively. In the multicenter cohort, curative-intent CRS with or without HIPEC was associated with a median overall survival of 61.5 months measured from diagnosis of peritoneal metastases; however, HIPEC-specific baseline characteristics and oncologic outcomes were not separately stratified. Conclusions: CRS plus HIPEC appears feasible in highly selected PMBC patients and may be associated with favorable outcomes when complete cytoreduction is achievable. However, the evidence is sparse, heterogeneous, and highly prone to selection and publication bias. Therefore, no causal inference regarding the independent benefit of HIPEC can be drawn, and this approach should be considered investigational pending prospective multicenter registries. Full article

Background: Sport-related injuries are common, and often recurrent, among female college soccer players. This exploratory cohort study investigated whether perceptual decision efficiency and sleep quality could discriminate between injured and uninjured players. Methods: Twenty-seven NCAA Division I women’s soccer players (19.5 ± 1.3 years) completed a perceptual response training program, administered through an immersive virtual reality system, across a 13-week season. Players completed 11 training sessions progressing through four levels of task difficulty, with conjugate eye movements, neck rotation, and whole-body lunge-reach responses measured for each trial. Four metrics, elapsed time, rate correct per second, across-trials variability, and an efficiency index, were calculated for each of three defined time segments: perceptual decision, action initiation, and perceptual–motor response. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Global Well-Being Index (GWBI) were administered prior to the first practice session, and all subsequent time-loss injuries were documented. Receiver operating characteristic analyses, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and classification tree modeling were used to evaluate injury discrimination. Results: Twelve time-loss injuries, including five concussions and seven lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries, were sustained by 10 of the 27 players. Optimal discrimination between injured and uninjured players was derived from the perceptual decision efficiency (PDE) metric for the most difficult perceptual response training task (AUC = 0.682–0.794), with a binary cut point of ≤6.02 yielding an odds ratio of 5.60 (95% CI: 1.02, 30.90; Mantel–Cox log rank p = 0.025). All five concussions occurred in players classified as high-risk by a suboptimal PDE value. Pre-participation PSQI demonstrated an AUC of 0.735. Notably, no player with both an optimal PDE value and a favorable sleep quality score (PSQI < 4) sustained a time-loss injury. Moderate-to-large training-related improvements in perceptual decision metrics were observed for the least challenging task from early- to late-season sessions. Conclusions: Optimal values for PDE and sleep quality together characterized female college soccer players who avoided injury. Both factors appear to be modifiable, suggesting that perceptual response training combined with interventions to enhance sleep quality may enhance injury resistance. Independent validation in larger, diverse athlete cohorts is warranted. Full article

Background: Interest in advanced wound dressings for clinical applications is increasing, with biopolymer-based formulations emerging as an effective strategy for wound management. Objectives: This study aimed to develop and characterize sponge-like biopolymeric matrices for the topical delivery of indomethacin as a model anti-inflammatory drug. Methods: Matrices were prepared by combining collagen and methylcellulose (MC) gels in varying ratios, followed by lyophilization. Physicochemical characterization included FT-IR, SEM, contact angle, and water absorption analysis. Biological evaluation involved enzymatic degradation, while biopharmaceutical and pharmacological assessments included in vitro drug release and in vivo testing in Wistar rats with experimentally induced burns. Results: FT-IR analysis confirmed that collagen’s triple-helical structure was preserved in the presence of MC and indomethacin for the samples with maximum 25% methylcellulose. SEM analysis revealed a microporous network with integrated cellulose fibers, where pore size decreased with higher MC content. Compressive strength measurements demonstrated enhanced mechanical resistance with increasing MC content, indicating improved structural stability of the matrices. Moreover, increased MC content led to higher contact angle values but maintained hydrophilicity, while formulations with up to 25% MC exhibited good absorption capacity and structural integrity. Enzymatic degradation studies confirmed that matrices with at least 75% collagen content maintained their structural integrity over time, favoring prolonged application and sustained drug delivery. In vitro drug release followed a biphasic profile, supporting rapid initial anti-inflammatory action followed by gradual release of the drug. In vivo animal studies demonstrated accelerated wound healing in treated rats for all tested matrices. Conclusions: Overall, the developed indomethacin-loaded biopolymeric matrices showed promising structural, functional, and therapeutic properties for effective wound treatment. Full article

Oxalic acid is extensively used in industrial chemical processes, purification systems, hydrometallurgical operations, and advanced oxidation environments where rapid and environmentally sustainable analytical methodologies are increasingly required for process monitoring and quality control. In this study, a micro-Raman spectroscopy methodology was developed for the direct quantification of oxalic acid in aqueous systems at moderate-to-high concentrations (0.079–0.793 M). The analytical strategy was based on the integrated Raman response of the carbonyl stretching region (1700–1750 cm⁻¹), selected due to its strong concentration-dependent behavior, spectral definition, and reduced interference from the aqueous matrix. The proposed methodology demonstrated excellent analytical performance, including high linearity (R² > 0.998), satisfactory precision, and reliable concentration-dependent reproducibility throughout the evaluated concentration range. To evaluate operational robustness, matrix-matched standards incorporating temperature variation (25–40 °C), turbidity (0–57 mg/L), dissolved Ca²⁺ (0–58 mg/L), and dissolved Fe³⁺ (0–7 mg/L) were prepared to simulate chemically perturbed industrial environments. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) demonstrated that the carbonyl vibrational region retained organized concentration-dependent spectral behavior despite operational perturbations. Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression models developed under these matrix-informed conditions preserved strong predictive capability (R² ≈ 0.997), while preliminary prediction of process-related samples yielded excellent agreement between predicted and reference concentrations (R² = 0.990). Although operational perturbations produced substantial attenuation of Raman intensity, particularly at lower concentration levels, the carbonyl Raman band remained spectrally detectable and analytically interpretable throughout all evaluated conditions. Electronic-structure analysis using Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) and Atoms-in-Molecules (AIM) methodologies demonstrated that the strong analytical behavior of the ν(C=O) vibrational mode is associated with enhanced electron-density localization, covalent stabilization, and favorable polarizability characteristics of the carbonyl bond. The combined experimental, chemometric, and computational results demonstrate the feasibility of matrix-informed micro-Raman spectroscopy as a rapid, reagent-free, and operationally robust methodology for oxalic acid monitoring in chemically perturbed aqueous industrial systems. Full article

Background: Autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is increasingly used for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA), but it remains uncertain whether patient age should influence candidacy. We examined whether age was related to 12-month pain response after intra-articular SVF administration. Methods: This retrospective knee-level analysis included 357 knees from 266 patients with Kellgren-Lawrence grade II-IV OA treated with adipose-derived SVF and followed for at least 12 months. Pain was assessed with the visual analog scale (VAS). Group comparisons and Spearman correlation analyses were used to explore relationships between age, baseline variables, injected cell number, and pain outcomes. Results: VAS scores improved from 6.5 ± 1.2 before treatment to 3.1 ± 1.6 at final assessment (p < 0.01). Age did not show a significant association with baseline pain (p = 0.128), final pain (p = 0.088), or measured baseline factors. Higher body mass index, more severe radiographic OA, and lower SVF cell number were associated with less favorable final pain scores. No serious treatment-related adverse event was identified. Conclusions: SVF injection was followed by significant pain reduction at 12 months. In this cohort, chronological age was not a meaningful determinant of response, whereas metabolic burden, structural OA severity, and delivered cell dose were more relevant clinical factors. These results argue against excluding patients from SVF treatment solely because of age. Full article

Objectives: To develop and validate a hybrid deep learning–machine learning (DL-ML) fusion model for noninvasive preoperative differentiation of solitary pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma (SPMA). Methods: A total of 200 patients with pathologically confirmed lung adenocarcinoma, including 37 SPMA cases, treated at Tianjin Union Medical Center between 2018 and 2025 were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to a training cohort (n = 140) and a test cohort (n = 60). Clinical characteristics, radiomic features, and deep learning features extracted via ResNet50 were integrated. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used for feature selection, and multiple machine learning classifiers were compared. Model performance was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, decision curve analysis (DCA), and calibration curve analysis (CCA). Results: LASSO regression identified 10 optimal features, comprising 8 radiomic and 2 deep learning features. The random forest classifier yielded the best performance. The hybrid DL-ML fusion model yielded the highest AUC of 0.982 in the training cohort and 0.878 in the test cohort, significantly outperforming the clinical model (Clinic), radiomic model (Rad), deep transfer learning (DTL) model, deep learning–radiomics (DLR) model. In the test cohort, the hybrid DL-ML fusion model achieved an AUC of 0.878, which was significantly higher than that of the clinical model (0.755; p < 0.05). DCA and CCA confirmed favorable clinical utility and calibration. Conclusions: The hybrid DL-ML fusion model enables accurate, noninvasive preoperative differentiation of SPMA. It outperforms conventional clinical assessment and single-modality imaging models, with promising potential for noninvasive preoperative differential diagnosis. Full article

Background/Objectives: The POLA index is a comprehensive tool for evaluating the nutrient-dense, immune-supportive, and anti-inflammatory properties of the diet, but its multi-component structure may limit routine use. We aimed to identify simple dietary markers associated with a lower follow-up incidence of COVID-19 or influenza, as well as the anti-inflammatory properties of the diet, and to compare a simplified screening tool with the full POLA index. Methods: This prospective observational study included 146 healthy adults aged 25–45 years from two Polish cohorts examined in 2020 and 2022 (cohort/year adjusted). Habitual diet was assessed using at least 5-day food records, and nutrient adequacy was expressed relative to Polish dietary reference values. Classification and regression tree analyses were used to identify the most informative dietary predictors of the reduction in risk of infection, and logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations after adjustment for sex, diet type, physical activity, marital status, year of cohort and waist-to-height ratio. Results: During follow-up, 39/146 participants (26.7%) reported COVID-19 or influenza. Interactive tree analysis identified dietary fiber in g per kg/m² of BMI ≥ 1, and magnesium adequacy as the key discriminators. In StrongPOLA, participants not meeting the cut-offs of ≥1 g fiber per kg/m² of BMI and ≥130% of the magnesium reference value had a higher incidence of COVID-19 or influenza than those meeting both of those cut-offs (34.9% vs. 2.7%); however, this estimate was large and imprecise, with a wide confidence interval (the adjusted OR = 14.9 (95% CI: 1.89–118.06)), and should, therefore, be interpreted cautiously. In RapidPOLA, the participants not meeting the cut-offs of ≥1 g fiber per kg/m² of BMI and ≥110% of the magnesium reference value (i.e., 352 mg/day for women and 462 mg/day for men) had a higher observed incidence of COVID-19 or influenza than those meeting both of those cut-offs (36.4% vs. 12.1%); the adjusted OR was 3.4 (95% CI: 1.18–8.75). RapidPOLA showed good agreement with the favorable result of the POLA classification (κ = 0.65). Conclusions: Dietary fiber in g per kg/m² of BMI and magnesium adequacy appear to be practical markers of a broader nutrient-dense, immune-supporting, and anti-inflammatory dietary pattern associated with a lower follow-up incidence of COVID-19 or influenza in young adults without comorbidities. RapidPOLA may be useful as a simple screening tool for a nutrient-dense, immune-supportive, and anti-inflammatory (NUTRIDIMAF) diet in young people without obesity and comorbidities, whereas StrongPOLA may serve as a stricter reference profile. The proposed cut-offs require external validation in independent and more diverse cohorts. Full article