1,749 Results Found

Language impairment is a core difficulty in fragile X syndrome (FXS), and yet standardized measures lack the sensitivity to assess developmental changes in the nature of these impairments. Expressive Language Sampling Narrative (ELS-N) has emerged as...

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR), with its all-weather and all-day active imaging capability, has become indispensable for geoscientific analysis and socio-economic applications. Despite advances in deep learning–based object detection, the rapid...

This study introduces the concept of symmetry as a fundamental theoretical perspective for understanding the linguistic structure of cyberbullying texts. It posits that such texts often exhibit symmetry breaking between surface-level language forms a...

Traditional maritime target element resolution, relying on manual experience and uniform sampling, lacks accuracy and efficiency in non-uniform sampling, missing data, and noisy scenarios. While large language models (LLMs) offer a solution, their ge...

Although sampling strategy plays an important role in groundwater potential mapping and significantly influences model accuracy, researchers often apply a simple random sampling method to determine absence (non-occurrence) samples. In this study, an...

Expressive language sampling (ELS) is a frequently used tool for language analysis, as it can be used across widely ranging cognitive and language abilities. ELS can also evaluate pragmatic language, including excessive self-repetition, which is chal...

Recent AI-based technologies in mobile environments have enabled sign language recognition, allowing deaf individuals to communicate effectively with hearing individuals. However, varying computational performance across different mobile devices can...

Narratives skills are associated with long-term academic and social benefits. While students with disabilities often struggle to produce complete and complex narratives, it remains unclear which aspects of narrative language are most indicative of di...

As in many other social sciences, second/additional language (Lx) researchers are often interested in generalizing their findings beyond the samples they collect data from. However, very little is known about the range of learner backgrounds and sett...

The literature on children born prematurely has consistently shown that full-term babies outperform preterm babies by about 12 IQ points, even when tested as adolescents, and this advantage for full-term infants extends to the language and motor doma...

Filled pauses are thought to be reflections of linguistic processes (e.g., lexical retrieval, speech planning and execution). Uh may be a self-directed cue for when a speaker needs more time to retrieve lexical–semantic representations, whereas...

The aim of this study was to longitudinally examine mean length of utterance in words (MLU-w) and number of different words (NDW) and their association in children speaking Cypriot Greek (CG), a dialect for which such measures of language development...

In recent years, large-scale pretrained language models have become widely used in natural language processing tasks. On this basis, prompt learning has achieved excellent performance in specific few-shot classification scenarios. The core idea of pr...

Offensive language and hate speech have a detrimental effect on victims and have become a significant problem on social media platforms. Recent research has developed automated techniques for detecting Arabic offensive language and hate speech but re...

The fatigue-life or Birnbaum–Saunders distribution is an asymmetrical model that has been widely applied in several areas of science and mainly in reliability. Although diverse methodologies related to this distribution have been proposed, the proble...

Conversation is a major site for our use of language. Each conversation elicits a distinct subjective experience: a specific and dynamic phenomenal field, and it is this field that controls our communicative actions. We cannot hope to understand the...

Bimodal emotion recognition based on audio and text is widely adopted in video-constrained real-world applications such as call centers and voice assistants. However, existing systems suffer from limited cross-domain generalization and monolingual bi...

‘El Diario de Juárez’ is a local newspaper in a city of 1.5 million Spanish-speaking inhabitants that publishes texts of which citizens read them on both a website and an RSS (Really Simple Syndication) service. This research appli...

Parameter tuning based adapter methods have achieved notable success in vision-language models (VLMs). However, they face challenges in scenarios with insufficient training samples or limited resources. While leveraging image modality caching and ret...

Over the last three years, we have engaged in the development of a web-based mobile application called Classmoto that uses the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) to measure cognitive, behavioral, and emotional engagement in near real-time, with minimal...

Iterative self-training of language models presents a promising avenue for realizing self-improving Artificial Intelligence systems; however, this process is often hindered by the fundamental challenge of “Model Collapse.” Existing resear...

Recently, it was demonstrated that generalized entropies of order α offer novel and important opportunities to quantify the similarity of symbol sequences where α is a free parameter. Varying this parameter makes it possible to magnify di...

Game-based learning is an educational approach aimed at acquiring knowledge through the use of play. There are various studies that note the effectiveness of playing as an educational tool and the use of digital platforms as a tool that can increase...

Code-switching is a complex bilingual behavior that can be affected by a variety of factors related to characteristics of the speaker, the interlocutor, and the broader sociolinguistic context. A better understanding of these factors is important for...

Background/Objectives: Feeding and eating disorders (FEDs) constitute an important mental health problem today, especially among youngsters. The Sick, Control, One, Fat, Food (SCOFF) questionnaire was developed 25 years ago and remains the most frequ...

Advances in machine learning (ML) and the availability of protein sequences via high-throughput sequencing techniques have transformed the ability to design novel diagnostic and therapeutic proteins. ML allows protein engineers to capture complex tre...

Neural encoder-decoder models for language generation can be trained to predict words directly from linguistic or non-linguistic inputs. When generating with these so-called end-to-end models, however, the NLG system needs an additional decoding proc...

Existing textual attacks mostly perturb keywords in sentences to generate adversarial examples by relying on the prediction confidence of victim models. In practice, attackers can only access the prediction label, meaning that the victim model can ea...

Multi-faceted controllable text generation can be viewed as an extension and combination of controllable text generation tasks. It requires the generation of fluent text while controlling multiple different attributes (e.g., negative emotions and env...

In this work, we propose a knowledge-aware approach for Arabic automatic question generation (QG) that leverages the multilingual T5 (mT5) transformer augmented with a pre-trained Arabic question-answering model to address challenges posed by Arabic&...

The popularity of social networking sites in the Arab world has resulted in a new writing code, Arabizi, which combines Roman letters and numbers to represent the Arabic language. This new code received vehement criticism from Arabic linguists who ar...

There was an error in the original publication (Winter et al [...]

Bilingual picture books have been growing in popularity, with caregivers, teachers, and researchers increasingly interested in understanding how picture books might be able to support the learning of words in two languages. In this study, we present...

This study examined the literacy outcomes of 368 deaf elementary students in the United States, focusing on reading and writing performance and their connections with demographic and language variables. Standardized assessment data were analyzed from...

International research evidence has firmly established a high prevalence of language disorder in young offender populations. Less is known about young offenders’ perspectives on their own language abilities. The study recruited an opportunity sample...

In the field of Natural Language Inference (NLI), model interpretability remains an urgent and unresolved challenge. Existing interpretability-oriented annotated datasets are highly limited, and manually constructing natural language explanations is...

Background/Objectives: Breastfeeding has been positively associated with development of various developmental and cognitive outcomes. Although not fully understood, psychosocial, environmental, nutrients (docosahexaenoic acid) etc., have been propose...

This manuscript presents a study on how leader motivating language and follower self-leadership act to influence a follower’s feelings of psychological safety. This study found that both constructs significantly influenced psychological safety in sam...

Many children have a suspected delay in language development and need extensive support from parents and the health care team. This study aimed to investigate the suspected delay in language development and the factors associated with the suspected d...

This paper describes a research work on Semantic Inference, which can be regarded as an extension of Grammar Inference. The main task of Grammar Inference is to induce a grammatical structure from a set of positive samples (programs), which can somet...

We present a parallel corpus study on the expression of the temporal construction ‘not…until’ in a sample of European languages. We use data from the Europarl corpus and create semantic maps by multidimensional scaling, in order to...

The construction of pronunciation dictionaries relies on high-quality and extensive training data in data-driven way. However, the manual annotation of corpus for this purpose is both costly and time consuming, especially for low-resource languages t...

The impact of previous surgery on the assessment of language dominance with preoperative fMRI remains inconclusive in patients with recurrent brain tumors. Samples in this retrospective study included 17 patients with prior brain surgery and 21 patie...

Symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity frequently co-occur with language difficulties in both clinical and community samples. We explore the specificity and strength of these associations in a heterogeneous sample of 254 children aged 5 to 15 year...

To answer questions, visual question answering systems (VQA) rely on language bias but ignore the information of the images, which has negative information on its generalization. The mainstream debiased methods focus on removing language prior to inf...

The most severe problem in cross-programming languages is feature extraction due to different tokens in different programming languages. To solve this problem, we propose a cross-programming-language vulnerability detection method in this paper, IRC-...

The aim of the current study was to develop and validate a new instrument that taps into learners’ self-image as a means of exploring language motivation, which plays a pivotal role in sustaining language learners’ efforts. A critical rev...

Animation has been used to assess speech, language, and communication skills in children. We aimed to map and synthesize relevant research addressing how and when animation is used for assessment purposes in speech–language pathology practice....

This paper presents an overview of the distribution of reflexive-reciprocal syncretism in Eastern Bantu languages spoken in Tanzania. Most Bantu languages encode reflexive and reciprocal constructions by means of two distinct verbal affixes. However,...

To rescue and preserve an endangered language, this paper studied an end-to-end speech recognition model based on sample transfer learning for the low-resource Tujia language. From the perspective of the Tujia language international phonetic alphabet...