Search Results (759)

Introduction: International shipping faces the dual imperative of decarbonization and the maintenance of safety and service reliability. However, evidence concerning the conditions under which artificial intelligence (AI) generates verifiable carbon benefits remains fragmented. Methods: This review examines 479 English-language articles and reviews retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus and published from 2016 to 23 August 2026 through bibliometric analysis, science mapping, auxiliary document-level thematic coding, and full-text synthesis of six representative reviews and one perspective. A post hoc domain-validation sensitivity analysis used two independently specified deterministic rule sets to test whether broad search terms altered the main conclusions. Results: Publication output accelerated markedly after 2022, with 277 papers (57.83%) published during 2022–2025 and a further 137 records already indexed in the partial year 2026. The two screening rules agreed on 96.87% of records (Cohen’s kappa = 0.753). A conservative sensitivity subset of 437 records, obtained through a strict rule-based title-abstract screen and removal of one retracted and one withdrawn record, reproduced the principal temporal, source-journal, and leading-keyword patterns. Machine learning remained the most frequent keyword, while recent studies increasingly addressed deep learning, ship energy efficiency, port operations, federated learning, and energy management. Discussion: Based on these findings, the review advances an evidence-informed AI-to-Carbon Value Chain (AICV) conceptual synthesis comprising data observability, model credibility, decision executability, system coordination, and carbon verification. This synthesis is interpretive rather than a validated causal framework. Future research should prioritize carbon-ready benchmarks, calibrated physics-informed and causal models, human-in-the-loop field evaluation, network-level coordination, and auditable well-to-wake assessment. Review registration and appraisal: This review was not registered, and no formal protocol was prepared. Because no effect-size synthesis was undertaken, formal study-level risk-of-bias, reporting-bias, and certainty assessments were not applied. Funding: The review received no external funding. Full article

This study examines the development and conceptual structure of research connecting green accounting, sustainability reporting, and ESG performance in dynamic organizational environments. A bibliometric analysis was conducted using 321 Scopus-indexed journal articles published between 2005 and 2026. Bibliometrix, Biblioshiny and VOSviewer were used to analyze scientific production, leading sources and countries, keyword co-occurrence, thematic evolution, and conceptual clusters. The findings reveal a marked increase in scientific production after 2017, followed by particularly strong growth after 2021. Sustainability reporting and sustainability accounting emerged as central themes, with increasing connections to environmental accounting, accountability, green accounting, corporate governance, innovation, financial performance, climate-related disclosure, and digitalization. The results suggest that green accounting is evolving from a specialized environmental measurement practice into a broader organizational information and management control mechanism. Sustainability reporting appears to connect internally generated environmental information with external ESG evaluation and stakeholder accountability. The study integrates previously fragmented research streams and clarifies the role of accounting information in supporting organizational responses to changing regulatory, technological, and stakeholder pressures. It also identifies opportunities for future empirical research on the relationship between green accounting, management control, reporting quality, and ESG performance. Full article

Sea-level rise threatens coastal ecosystems, infrastructure, and populations worldwide. This scoping review examined methods for assessing sea-level rise impacts in the MENA region, including their strengths, limitations, geographic distribution, and research gaps. Eligible studies were English-language journal articles or conference papers published between 2010 and 2026 that empirically assessed sea-level rise impacts within the MENA region using a defined methodological approach. Scopus and the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection were searched using terms related to sea-level rise, assessment technologies, and MENA countries. A total of 407 records were identified, with 250 remaining after duplicate removal and preliminary exclusions. Following title and abstract screening, 110 reports underwent full-text evaluation, and 87 were ultimately included. Data were charted using a structured framework and analyzed descriptively and thematically. The studies were classified into remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GISs), index-based assessments, numerical modelling, and artificial intelligence (AI) and data-driven methods. Remote sensing and GISs were the dominant approaches, primarily applied to inundation, shoreline change, land subsidence, and exposure mapping, with their reliability influenced by elevation accuracy and simplified treatment of flood connectivity. Index-based approaches supported vulnerability screening, though their outputs were sensitive to indicator selection, weighting, and classification thresholds. Numerical models represented coastal processes and infrastructure performance more explicitly, although sparse observations and calibration data limited their applicability. AI and data-driven methods were used for predictive analysis and dynamic exposure estimation, but their reliability depended on training-data quality, independent validation, and physically grounded interpretation. Research was mostly concentrated in Egypt and Morocco, while substantial geographic gaps persisted across several MENA coastlines. Future research should integrate validated high-resolution observations, relative sea-level change, process-based modelling, socioeconomic projections, and independently validated data-driven methods to support more reliable coastal planning and adaptation. Full article

Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are increasingly coupled with photovoltaic (PV) generation, yet their deployment is governed by economics rather than by technical feasibility. This review synthesises 122 indexed Q1/Q2 studies (2016–2026) on the financial payback and return on investment of PV-coupled storage, extending the analysis to vehicle-to-grid (V2G) integration. Records retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and the MDPI portal were screened to peer-reviewed journals, assigned to ten thematic clusters, appraised against a ten-criterion reporting-transparency rubric, and combined by narrative synthesis. Reported payback periods range from a few years to beyond the asset’s service life, and the levelized cost of storage spans roughly 170–350 USD/MWh. In the reviewed corpus, the retail-to-export price spread, the stacking of self-consumption, arbitrage, grid-service revenues, and degradation-aware operation each move returns in a consistent direction, whereas which of them binds hardest is a property of the case rather than a ranking the evidence supports. V2G is almost always analysed in isolation from stationary storage; an illustrative harmonised comparison indicates that it substitutes for stationary capacity rather than adding to it. The review maps the combined PV+BESS+V2G revenue stack and identifies an integrated, degradation-corrected, policy-sensitive economic model as the principal research gap. Full article

Agroforestry integrates environmental, climatic, productive, and socioeconomic dimensions. The position of rural livelihoods within its scientific structure remains still characterized. This study evaluated the temporal evolution, conceptual organization, domain representation, and geographical and economic distribution of global agroforestry research using 5711 Scopus-indexed journal articles published between 1979 and 2025. Scientific production increased markedly, with 4133 articles published during 2013 to 2025, accounting for 72.37% of the corpus. Thematic evolution showed a shift from early agronomic topics toward biodiversity, ecosystem services, carbon sequestration, and climate change. Multiple Correspondence Analysis of harmonized Author Keywords identified five clusters, with the first two dimensions explaining 39.76% of total inertia. Livelihood-related terms were embedded within the central agroforestry and sustainability cluster under the analytical configuration applied, and this pattern was maintained after excluding corpus-defining search-anchor terms. Production, silvopastoral, and agronomic management had the highest proportional contribution (57.92%), whereas environmental and biodiversity (43.88%), livelihoods and socioeconomic (43.81%), and climate, carbon and soil dimensions (42.50%) occurred at comparable proportions. Fractional affiliation analysis indicated that all domains occurred across regions and income groups, with livelihoods and socioeconomic research showing larger fractional contributions from Africa and lower-middle-income countries. Full article

Background/Objectives: Clinical alarm management in continuous patient monitoring systems remains a major challenge in intensive care units (ICUs). The high frequency of nonactionable alarms contributes to alarm fatigue among healthcare professionals, potentially compromising patient safety, clinical surveillance, and the quality of nursing care. As nurses play a central role in monitoring critically ill patients, evidence-based alarm management strategies are essential to improve the quality of care and patient outcomes. This review aimed to synthesize the scientific evidence on nursing interventions for managing clinical alarms in continuous monitoring systems and their contribution to patient safety and quality of care among critically ill patients. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted following the methodological framework proposed by Whittemore and Knafl. A comprehensive literature search was performed in CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MEDLINE with Full Text, Supplemental Index, Complementary Index, Academic Search Index, the Directory of Open Access Journals (via EBSCOhost^®), PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. Studies published between 2020 and 2025 in English, Portuguese, or Spanish were eligible for inclusion. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Nine studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final synthesis. Results: The identified interventions were grouped into five main domains: alarm parameter customization, nurse education and training, implementation of structured protocols and alarm management bundles, optimization of monitoring devices and sensors, and interventions addressing human and organizational factors. The evidence indicated that multifaceted and integrated interventions were associated with reductions in nonactionable alarms and improvements in clinical responses to alarms. However, their effectiveness in reducing alarm fatigue appeared to depend on organizational culture, staff engagement, and contextual factors. Conclusions: Effective alarm management requires the consistent implementation of evidence-based nursing interventions. Nurses play a pivotal role in promoting patient safety through clinical expertise, technological competence, and adherence to structured alarm management practices. Strengthening alarm management strategies may contribute to improved quality of care, safer care delivery, and better outcomes for critically ill patients. Full article

Classical readability formulas are widely used to evaluate academic abstracts, yet the evidence on what they register is mixed, and disciplinary differences are often invoked to explain that inconsistency. This study examines within-field variation, treating forestry-related research as a set of knowledge domains and scoring 4191 English-language Web of Science abstracts from 2008 to 2019 with four classical indices. The abstracts were consistently demanding on all four indices. The most difficult domain was forest economics, policy, governance and social dimensions, with ecology and conservation being intermediate and inventory and management not being distinguishable from tree biology and silviculture. The contrasts persisted within journals, though the distributions overlapped substantially, and most variation remained within domains. With domain and covariates being controlled, no index showed a statistically distinguishable association with normalized citation impact, and the interaction tests did not establish domain heterogeneity. Domain was modestly associated with citation impact, but readability did not account for it. The indices, therefore, register systematic differences in linguistic form across knowledge domains while giving no dependable signal of scholarly uptake. For authors and editors, such scores work best as prompts for closer reading with a domain and an audience in view, not as field-wide standards or proxies for expected citation. Full article

Recent journalism and media research increasingly uses embeddings, transformer-based models, and large language models, yet the methodological functions remain unevenly conceptualized. This article examines how vector-based and semantically oriented methods are incorporated into journalism and media studies and proposes a theory-informed framework of four recurrent methodological functions: semantic mapping, interpretive assistance, cross-scale articulation, and reflexive auditing. We conducted a structured review of English-language journal articles and review articles indexed in Scopus and Web of Science between 2022 and April 2026. The review combined database retrieval, conservative LLM-assisted metadata screening, full-text analytical extraction, expert manual validation, descriptive analysis, exploratory association tests, and an embedding-based map built from article-level analytical profiles. The final corpus comprised 43 articles. Empirical studies of news texts predominated, and semantic mapping was the most frequent primary methodological function. The profile-based map identified four moderately differentiated and overlapping communities centered on reception and circulation, semantic mapping of news content, affective and evaluative discourse analysis, and methodological infrastructure-building. Community membership aligned more strongly with media domain than with study type or primary methodological function, although these patterns are interpreted heuristically given the small corpus and low expected cell counts. The findings show that these methods are best understood as components of hybrid research designs combining semantic formalization, interpretation, validation, and scale-sensitive analysis. Full article

Artificial intelligence (AI) creates personalized, interactive, and low-risk learning opportunities for informal digital learning of English (IDLE). However, effective AI tools do not necessarily lead learners to engage autonomously or productively. Guided by the person–behavior–environment framework of social cognitive theory, this systematic review synthesized 58 empirical studies published in SSCI-indexed journals between 2020 and 2025 to examine how AI affordances are translated into learning behaviors and intelligence-related processes in AI-mediated IDLE. Speech recognition, natural language processing, and personalized feedback were the most frequently investigated affordances, providing opportunities to observe, imitate, and adapt authentic language use. Engagement was mediated primarily by emotional, motivational, and self-belief mechanisms. These mechanisms could facilitate or hinder engagement depending on technological accuracy, perceived human responsiveness, learner goals, and proficiency-task alignment. From an intelligence perspective, the findings illustrate how learners evaluate AI-generated information, regulate affect and motivation, calibrate self-perceptions, and adapt learning behaviors. Thus, AI-mediated IDLE may serve as a site for activating adaptive intelligence and learner self-regulation through context-sensitive evaluation, regulation, and behavioral adaptation. Full article

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) exhibits remarkable clinical heterogeneity, with substantial variability in motor progression, cognitive decline, and the development of non-motor manifestations. Although the propagation of pathological alpha-synuclein is considered a central mechanism of PD pathogenesis, it does not fully explain why specific neuronal populations demonstrate differential susceptibility to degeneration. Emerging evidence suggests that selective neuronal vulnerability is determined by the interaction of multiple biological domains, including calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity, lysosomal function, axonal architecture, synaptic resilience, and neuroinflammatory responses. Methods: A structured critical narrative review was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from inception to March 2025. Only full-text articles published in English and peer-reviewed journals were included. Evidence from human post-mortem studies, genetic analyses, biomarker investigations, experimental models, induced pluripotent stem cell studies, and longitudinal clinical cohorts were systematically synthesised to identify the principal mechanisms underlying selective neuronal vulnerability and their potential translational application. To capture evidence published after this electronic cut-off, a supplementary manual review of reference lists of key systematic reviews and landmark publications was conducted up to the date of manuscript submission; references with 2025 or 2026 publication dates entered through this supplementary process. The supplementary manual review was conducted as a targeted scan of reference lists of key systematic reviews and high-impact publications identified during the primary search and did not constitute an independent updated systematic search. Results: Five interconnected biological domains emerged as key determinants of neuronal susceptibility in PD: calcium-mediated metabolic stress associated with autonomous pacemaker activity, mitochondrial dysfunction and energetic failure, impaired lysosomal degradation and proteostasis (particularly involving the GBA1–glucocerebrosidase pathway), vulnerability related to extensive axonal and synaptic architecture, and neuroinflammatory mechanisms involving microglial and astrocytic activation. Among these domains, the lysosomal pathway currently provides the strongest translational link between molecular mechanisms and measurable clinical outcomes. Based on this integrated framework, we propose the Parkinson’s Vulnerability Index (PVI), a hypothesis-generating multidimensional model combining genetic, enzymatic, alpha-synuclein seeding, cognitive, olfactory, and neuroimaging biomarkers to facilitate biological stratification and improve the design of mechanism-targeted clinical trials. Conclusions: Selective neuronal vulnerability provides a complementary framework to alpha-synuclein propagation models for understanding the heterogeneity of PD. The proposed PVI is not intended as a diagnostic or prognostic clinical instrument but as a research tool requiring prospective validation. Future precision medicine approaches in PD may benefit from integrating vulnerability-related biomarkers with existing biological staging systems to identify patients most likely to benefit from targeted disease-modifying therapies. Full article

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a rapidly expanding area of scientific research, generating a growing body of literature across technical and applied domains. This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global generative AI research to characterize its publication growth, disciplinary and geographical distribution, institutional participation, funding patterns, citation performance, and thematic development. The analysis covers 22,758 Scopus-indexed journal articles and conference papers published between 2020 and 2025, identified using the phrase “generative artificial intelligence” enclosed in double quotation marks in TITLE-ABS-KEY fields. A reproducible computational workflow was used to examine publication output, document types, subject areas, countries, institutions, funding sponsors, citation patterns, and keyword co-occurrence. Citation analysis incorporated annualized citation rates and cohort-normalized annual citation rates to improve comparisons across publication years. Results show a pronounced acceleration in publication output after 2022, with an approximate 105% compound annual growth rate over 2020–2025. Computer Science remained the largest subject area, while substantial representation extended across Engineering, Social Sciences, Medicine, Mathematics, and other domains. Publication activity was concentrated among leading countries and institutions, with the United States and China recording the highest output. Funding analysis identified major national and international sponsors through publication–sponsor associations. Citation performance varied substantially across cohorts, with the 2023 cohort exhibiting the highest cohort-normalized annual citation rate (1.58). Keyword analysis revealed a thematic shift from early AI and GAN-related research toward generative AI and large language model themes, alongside education, innovation, human–AI interaction, and responsible AI. The findings provide an evidence-based, multidimensional characterization of the rapidly evolving generative AI research landscape. Full article

Background: Episiotomy remains one of the most common obstetric procedures worldwide, and suboptimal healing of the perineal wound continues to cause pain, dehiscence, and long-term impairment of postpartum quality of life. Obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) carries the greatest risk of severe wound morbidity among perineal trauma types and is managed with prophylactic antibiotics and adjunctive measures; episiotomy, by contrast, is repaired without a comparable prophylactic package and is far more frequent, so that even a modest per-case complication rate carries a substantial absolute burden. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), an autologous concentrate rich in growth factors, has demonstrated favourable effects on wound healing and scar quality across several surgical contexts, including caesarean section, raising the question of whether it could similarly benefit episiotomy repair. Methods: We conducted a structured, date-stamped search of PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, together with two trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO ICTRP), forward and backward citation tracking, and reference-list screening of relevant reviews (final search 24 July 2026), to identify clinical studies of PRP for obstetric episiotomy or intrapartum perineal wound healing. Results: Five primary clinical studies and one systematic review were identified. One single-centre randomized controlled trial of 200 primiparous women, published in a regionally indexed journal covered by neither PubMed nor Scopus, evaluated PRP specifically for episiotomy wound healing and reported significantly lower REEDA, Vancouver and pain scores in the PRP arm; it was not prospectively registered, reported neither a sample-size calculation nor blinded outcome assessment, lost 12% of participants to follow-up, and contains internal inconsistencies in the reported data. The remaining evidence comprises one randomized trial of PRP for postpartum levator ani muscle recovery (a distinct target, with a null result), one non-randomized comparative study in grade III–IV intrapartum perineal laceration repair, two case reports, and one broad systematic review of PRP in pelvic floor disorders in which episiotomy was not analyzed as a distinct entity. Conclusions: PRP for episiotomy healing is therefore not wholly untested, but the single existing randomized trial is small, methodologically limited, not independently replicated, and effectively invisible to conventional database searching. We describe this evidence base and introduce PRP-EpiHeal (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT07669285), designed to provide the first prospectively registered, adequately powered and assessor-blinded randomized evidence on this question, with REEDA scale assessment at six weeks postpartum as the primary outcome. Full article

Background: AmpC β-lactamases are complex resistance determinants due to inducible chromosomal expression, stable derepression, plasmid-mediated dissemination, potential for co-resistance, and diagnostic interpretation challenges. Nevertheless, the scientific production, citation structure, and thematic evolution of the AmpC β-lactamase literature have not been comprehensively mapped. This study aimed to evaluate this literature using bibliometric methods. Methods: Original articles and reviews indexed in SCI-E and ESCI within the Web of Science Core Collection were evaluated when “AmpC” appeared in the title field. After an additional microbiological filter, 1183 documents published between 1980 and 2026 were included. Analyses were performed using R, bibliometrix, and Biblioshiny. Results: Scientific production increased from the 2000s onward. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy and Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy were among the most productive and most locally cited sources, while the United States ranked first in publication output and total citation impact. The most frequent keywords were Escherichia coli, ESBL, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacterales. Conceptual analyses showed that the literature was structured around chromosomal AmpC biology, plasmid-mediated dissemination, resistance ecology intersecting with ESBLs, a cluster interpretable as a One Health axis, and clinical management themes. Trend topic analysis showed that multidrug resistance, carbapenemase, and virulence have become more visible in recent years. Conclusions: AmpC β-lactamase literature has broadened from an earlier emphasis on chromosomal resistance biology toward a multidimensional research field encompassing plasmid-mediated dissemination, resistance ecology, One Health-related themes, and clinical management. The recent prominence of concepts related to multidrug resistance phenotypes, the concurrent dissemination of resistance determinants, and pathogen virulence may suggest that the field is increasingly being addressed within a broader antimicrobial resistance context. Full article

Digitalisation and sustainability reporting exert parallel pressures on human resource management (HRM); yet, whether their research streams overlap is more often assumed than measured. This study measures that overlap directly. Treating digital HRM and sustainability/ESG-oriented HRM as two prespecified, query-defined streams, it compares them across OpenAlex and Scopus (2012–2025) through separate conceptual blocks, their union and direct AND intersection, title–abstract–keyword retrieval, deterministic quality control, directed cross-citation, DOI matching, and sensitivity analyses. The analytical unions comprise 13,764 OpenAlex and 5128 Scopus records, but their direct intersections contain only 284 and 89 (Jaccard 2.06% and 1.74%), a result reproduced by a stricter 4047-record Scopus corpus (1.93%). Citation crosses the two streams asymmetrically, flowing more often from digital HRM toward sustainability than in reverse. Across 3395 DOI-matched records, the databases rank journals, authors, and countries almost identically (0.95, 0.89, and 0.97), yet their coupling communities align only moderately (adjusted Rand index 0.37; normalised mutual information 0.57). ESG surfaces within the keyword network rather than disappearing from it. The streams are therefore integrating, but partially, asymmetrically, and to a degree that shifts with database, metadata, vocabulary, and network choices. The study contributes a reproducible protocol that measures such integration rather than presuming it. Full article

Background/Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease associated with pain, functional limitation, and reduced quality of life. Interest in orthobiological treatments, including platelet-rich plasma (PRP), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), exosomes, and biomaterial-based approaches has increased markedly in recent years. This study was aimed at investigating the bibliometric characteristics, research trends, and future directions of scientific literature on orthobiological treatments in OA. Methods: Publications indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) between 2000 and 2026 were searched on 3 June 2026 using keywords related to OA and orthobiological therapies. The WoSCC was selected because it provides standardized citation data and comprehensive coverage of high-impact scientific journals for bibliometric analyses. In the study, 7875 publications were included. Bibliometric analyses were performed using the Bibliometrix package and Biblioshiny interface. Publication trends, country and institutional contributions, influential publications, keyword patterns, trending topics, and thematic structures were analyzed. Results: Scientific production on orthobiological treatments in OA increased substantially, particularly after 2015, with an annual growth rate of 22.8%. China was the most productive country, whereas the United States had the highest scientific impact. The most productive institutions were mainly universities in China. The most frequent keywords were “osteoarthritis,” “mesenchymal stem cells,” “platelet-rich plasma,” “knee osteoarthritis,” and “cartilage.” Trend analyses indicated a shift from PRP- and stem cell-based applications toward emerging regenerative strategies, including exosomes, extracellular vesicles, biomaterials, and controlled drug delivery systems. Thematic mapping demonstrated that MSCs and cartilage regeneration formed the central research axis. Conclusions: While MSCs and PRP remain key research topics in orthobiological treatments for OA, exosomes, biomaterials, and smart drug delivery systems are attracting increasing attention as crucial areas for future research. Full article