Search Results (20)

In-band full-duplex (IBFD) technology has attracted significant attention for its potential to double the spectral efficiency by enabling a simultaneous transmission and reception over the same frequency channel. However, achieving high isolation between closely spaced transmit and receive paths remains a critical challenge. In this paper, a novel compact co-polarized monopole antenna with self-decoupling capability is proposed based on common-mode/differential-mode (CM/DM) theory. By innovatively folding the ends of the monopole elements, the antenna exploits the distinct behaviors under CM and DM excitations at a close spacing to achieve simultaneous impedance matching in both modes. This effectively enhances the isolation between antenna elements. The design enables self-interference suppression without requiring any additional decoupling structures, even under compact antenna and port spacing. Measurement results confirm that the proposed antenna achieves over 20 dB isolation within the 3.4–3.6 GHz operating band, with a compact spacing of 0.008 λ₀ (λ₀ corresponds to the wavelength at the center frequency). Full article

Combined in-band full duplex-multiple input multiple output (IBFD–MIMO) technology can significantly improve spectrum efficiency and data throughput, and has broad application prospects in communications, radar, the Internet of Things (IoT), and other fields. Targeting the self-interference (SI) issue in microwave photonic-based IBFD–MIMO communication systems, a microwave photonic self-interference cancellation (SIC) method applied to the narrowband 2 × 2 IBFD–MIMO communication system was proposed, simulated, and analyzed. An interleaver was used to construct a polarization multiplexing dual optical frequency comb with a frequency shifting effect, generating a dual-channel reference interference signal. The programmable spectrum processor was employed for filtering, attenuation, and phase-shifting operations, ensuring amplitude and phase matching to eliminate the two self-interference (SI) signals. The simulation results show that the single-frequency SIC depth exceeds 45.8 dB, and the narrowband SIC depth under 30 MHz bandwidth exceeds 32.7 dB. After SIC, the desired signal, employing a 4QAM modulation format, can be demodulated with an error vector magnitude (EVM) as low as 4.7%. Additionally, further channel expansion and system performance optimization are prospected. Full article

For next generation wireless communication systems, high throughput, low latency, and large user accommodation are popular and important required characteristics. To achieve these requirements for next generation wireless communication systems, an in-band full-duplex (IBFD) communication system is one of the possible candidate technologies. However, to realize IBFD systems, there is an essential problem that there exists a large self-interference (SI) due to the simultaneous signal transmission and reception in the IBFD systems. Therefore, to implement the IBFD system, it is necessary to realize a series of effective SI cancellation processes. In this study, we implemented a prototype of SI cancellation processes with our designed antenna, analog circuit, and digital cancellation function using an adaptive filter. For system implementation, we introduce software-defined radio (SDR) devices in this study. By using SDR devices, which can be customized by users, the evaluations of complicated wireless access systems like IBFD can be realized easily. Besides the validation stage of system practicality, the system development can be more effective by using SDR devices. Therefore, we utilize SDR devices to implement the proposed IBFD system and conduct experiments to evaluate its performance. The results show that the SI cancellation effect can reach nearly 100 dB with ${10}^{-3}$ order bit error rate (BER) after signal demodulation. From the experiment results, it can be seen obviously that the implemented prototype can effectively cancel the large amount of SI and obtain satisfied digital demodulation results, which validates the effectiveness of the developed system. Full article

In this paper, a photonic-enabled image rejection mixer (IRM) that features an ultrawideband self-interference cancellation (SIC) function and a compact configuration is proposed. The parameter tuning of SIC is realized in an optical domain, which avoids the use of electrically tuned devices with limited bandwidth and precision, so that high-precision parameter matching can be realized in the optical domain to realize deep and ultrawideband SIC. The key point of image rejection (IR) is to construct a pair of orthogonal local oscillation (LO) signals through DC-bias-induced phase shift. This not only avoids a high-frequency electrical 90-degree hybrid coupler (HC) applied in the traditional Hartley structure, but also compensates the phase deviation in the electrical intermediate frequency (IF) 90-degree HC flexibly, ensuring wideband and deep IR operation. The simulation results show that the proposed IRM can achieve ultrawideband SIC and IR with the simultaneous high-efficiency recovery of useful signals. They also verify that the scheme has good resistance to strong interference, and can cope with the phase imbalance of the IF 90-degree electrical HC, ensuring the good performance of the system, which has a wide application prospect in various in-band full-duplex (IBFD) systems. Full article

This paper proposes a MAC protocol for ad hoc networks using In-band Full-duplex (IBFD) wireless communications, which are named as AdHoc-FDMAC. To utilize IBFD communications in ad hoc networks, this protocol modifies a number of control frames in the IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) MAC standard. Here, the detailed time sequences for all types of IBFD communications are shown for the data transmission and routing. In this paper, the probability and throughput equations for IBFD communications in different situations have been derived. The performance of the proposed AdHoc-FDMAC has been analysed in terms of probability, throughput, and routing time. The Maximum throughput of AdHoc-FDMAC has been found to be 48.34 Mbps, and it is compared with a recently published ad hoc MAC as well as with the conventional HD MAC. The AdHoc-FDMAC outperforms the recently published ad hoc MAC and conventional HD MAC by 16.80% and 66.50% throughput gain, respectively. AdHoc-FDMAC incorporates the existing Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol, but this AODV routing is utilized here using IBFD communications. This paper also compares the routing time of the IBFD-based AODV with the conventional AODV. The result shows that the IBFD-based AODV requires 33.33% less routing time than that of the conventional AODV for 3-hop distance between the transmitter and receiver. This paper suggests that the AdHoc-FDMAC protocol provides much more throughput in ad hoc networks by utilizing IBFD communications. Full article

In this paper, we propose a novel interference alignment (IA) technique for an in-band full-duplex (IBFD) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) cellular network where a base station (BS) and user equipment (UE) are equipped with multiple antennas, and the local channel state information (CSI) is available at all nodes. Considering a practical IBFD MIMO cellular network, it is assumed that only the BS operates with full-duplex (FD) communication while UE operate in half-duplex (HD) mode. These IBFD networks introduce a new type of interference called cross-link interference (CLI), in which uplink UE affects downlink UE. The proposed IA technique consists of two symmetric IA schemes according to the number of antennas in the uplink and downlink UE, and both schemes effectively mitigate CLI in the IBFD MIMO network. It is worth noting that both IA schemes are adaptively applicable according to the network’s quality-of-service (QoS) requirements, such as uplink and downlink traffic demands. Furthermore, we theoretically characterize and prove the achievable sum-degrees-of-freedom (DoF) of the proposed IA technique. Simulation results show that the proposed IA technique significantly improves the sum rate performance compared to conventional HD communications (multi-user MIMO) while achieving the same achievable DoF as the interference-free IBFD MIMO network. Full article

Theoretically, the spectral efficiency of in-band full-duplex underwater acoustic communications (IBFD-UWAC) is twice that of a half-duplex one. However, the actual achievable spectral efficiency of IBFD-UWAC is determined by the performance of the self-interference cancellation (SIC). In addition, the hostile underwater environment poses a challenge to the tracking performance of the SIC due to its complexity and variability. In this paper, we propose a digital SIC method based on the improved variable step-size least mean square (IVSS-LMS) algorithm where we modify the step-size adjustment criterion in the classical LMS filter and establishes a nonlinear relationship with the Sigmoid function to control the step-size using the instantaneous state error, thus improving the robustness and tracking performance of IVSS-LMS. Hardware-in-loop simulation (HLS) based on Simulink${}^{\circledR }$ platform verifies the real-time implementability and effectiveness of the proposed IVSS-LMS algorithm. Furthermore, the sea trial results show that the digital SIC method based on the proposed algorithm can be implemented in real-time and the convergence speed, and steady-state performance are significantly improved. Full article

The electromagnetic spectrum is used as a medium for modern wireless communication. Most of the spectrum is being utilized by the existing communication system. For technological breakthroughs and fulfilling the demands of better utilization of such natural resources, a novel Reflective In-Band Full-Duplex (R-IBFD) cooperative communication scheme is proposed in this article that involves Full-Duplex (FD) and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) technologies. The proposed R-IBFD provides efficient use of spectrum with better system parameters including Secrecy Outage Probability (SOP), throughput, data rate and secrecy capacity to fulfil the requirements of a smart city for 6th Generation (6thG or 6G). The proposed system targets the requirement of new algorithms that contribute towards better change and bring the technological revolution in the requirements of 6G. In this article, the proposed R-IBFD mainly contributes towards co-channel interference and security problem. The In-Band Full-Duplex mode devices face higher co-channel interference in between their own transmission and receiving antenna. R-IBFD minimizes the effect of such interference and assists in the security of a required wireless communication system. For a better understanding of the system contribution, the improvement of secrecy capacity and interference with R-IBFD is discussed with the help of SOP derivation, equations and simulation results. A machine learning genetic algorithm is one of the optimization tools which is being used to maximize the secrecy capacity. Full article

Medium access control (MAC) protocol operations for in-band full duplex multi-hop networks play an important role in efficient data relaying and throughput enhancement. Knowledge of the relationship between essential operations in MAC protocol for full duplex MAC (FD MAC) networks and network performance is important and useful in terms of the protocol and network design. FD MAC protocols often require exchanging control frames, e.g., request to send/clear to send (RTS/CTS). However, the conventional model cannot analyze the performance of wireless multi-hop networks with RTS/CTS-based FD MAC. Thus, this paper proposes a throughput analysis model for wireless multi-hop networks with RTS/CTS-based FD MAC. The proposed model includes novel “airtime expressions”, which allows us to handle RTS/CTS operations under FD MAC. The proposed model provides the end-to-end throughput of multi-hop networks with RTS/CTS-based FD MAC for any number of hops and any payload size. The validity of the analytical expressions is confirmed through comparisons with simulation results. Full article

In-band full duplex (IBFD) is regarded as one of the most significant technologies for addressing the issue of spectrum scarcity in 5G and beyond systems. In the realization of practical IBFD systems, self-interference, i.e., the interference that the transmitter causes to the collocated receiver, poses a major challenge to antenna designers; it is a prerequisite for applying other self-interference cancellation (SIC) techniques in the analog and digital domains. In this paper, a comprehensive survey on SIC techniques in the antenna/propagation (AP) domain is provided and the pros and cons of each technique are studied. Opportunities and challenges of employing IBFD antennas in future wireless communications networks are discussed. Full article

In-band full-duplex communication offers significant potential to enhance network performance. This paper presents the full-duplex linear transmit delay allocation MAC (FD-LTDA-MAC) protocol for full-duplex based underwater acoustic chain networks (FD-UACNs) for subsea pipeline monitoring. This incorporates a number of extensions to the LTDA-MAC protocol in order to fully exploit advantages of full-duplex communication to enhance the efficiency of underwater facility monitoring. The protocol uses a greedy optimisation algorithm to derive collision-free packet schedules for delivering data packets to the sink node of the underwater chain network. The purpose of this paper is to show the significant improvement that can be achieved in packet scheduling by exploiting temporal spectrum re-use of an underwater acoustic channel through full-duplex communication. Simulation results show that more efficient packet scheduling and reduced end-to-end packet delays can be achieved in large scale scenarios using FD-LTDA-MAC compared with LTDA-MAC and LTDA-MAC with full-duplex enabled nodes. It can provide much higher monitoring rates for long range underwater pipelines using low cost, mid range, low rate, and low power acoustic modems. Full article

In-band full duplex offers a new approach of meeting the ever-increasing data rate demands by operating the transmitter and receiver at the same frequency at the same time, potentially doubling the spectral efficiency. However, self-interference is the fundamental bottleneck of such systems. In contrast to non-planar or sub 6 GHz microstrip designs reported so-far, this paper presents an all SIW based antenna system for in-band full duplex systems. The proposed design integrates a dual linear polarized three port differential antenna, three port SIW common-mode power combiner and a 180°phase shifter at 28 GHz. Operating the antenna in TE201 mode provides inherent isolation between the differential receive and single-ended transmit port. The residual coupling is further reduced through use of TE101 based power combiner and a 180°phase shifter. Implemented on a 0.508 mm thick RT Duroid 5880 substrate, the antenna occupies a foot-print of 48 × 80 mm². Demonstrating a measured gain of 6.95 dBi and 3.42 dBi for Tx and Rx mode of operation, respectively, the proposed design offers a self-interference cancellation (SiC) of better than 36 dB over a 177 MHz bandwidth. Full article

The skyrocketing growth in the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has posed a huge traffic demand for fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks and beyond. In-band full-duplex (IBFD), which is theoretically expected to double the spectral efficiency of a half-duplex wireless channel and connect more devices, has been considered as a promising technology in order to accelerate the development of IoT. In order to exploit the full potential of IBFD, the key challenge is how to handle network interference (including self-interference, co-channel interference, and multiuser interference) more effectively. In this paper, we propose a simple yet efficient user grouping method, where a base station (BS) serves strong downlink users and weak uplink users and vice versa in different frequency bands, mitigating severe network interference. First, we aim to maximize a minimum rate among all of the users subject to bandwidth and power constraints, which is formulated as a nonconvex optimization problem. By leveraging the inner approximation framework, we develop a very efficient iterative algorithm for solving this problem, which guarantees at least a local optimal solution. The proposed iterative algorithm solves a simple convex program at each iteration, which can be further cast to a conic quadratic program. We then formulate the optimization problem of sum throughput maximization, which can be solved by the proposed algorithm after some slight modifications. Extensive numerical results are provided to show not only the benefit of using full-duplex radio at BS, but also the advantage of the proposed user grouping method. Full article

The technological breakthrough in the form of Internet of Things (IoT), Big data and connected world is increasing the demand of better spectrum utilization. Half-Duplex (HD) transmission is mostly used in the earlier communication systems. The high transmission demand requires the better utilization of the existing spectrum. There are several possible ways to overcome the problem of better spectrum usage. In-Band Full Duplex (IBFD) is one of the techniques that can double the Spectral Efficiency (SE) in a Beyond 5G (B5G) communication system. In this paper, our aim is to use the spectral efficient IBFD scheme to improve the security of the system with minimum interference. The interference can be reduced by the addition of orthogonality between the transmitted and received signal of a relay. A component-forward scheme is proposed in this paper to create such orthogonality. For achieving the desired aim, IBFD is used with Device-to-Device (D2D), Artificial Noise (AN), Modulation based orthogonalization, Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting (RFEH) and proposed Full-Duplex Component Forward (FD-CF) algorithm for multiple relays. We also use non-linear harvested power as one of the sources to reuse the exiting power for evaluating the system performance. The derivation of Secrecy Outage Probability (SOP) and throughput is derived in this paper for the FD-CF cooperative communication and is explored with and without non-linear RFEH. The simulation results show the comparison between the component-forward and decode-and-forward communication with one or more relays. Full article

This paper studies sum rate maximization of a cognitive radio network, where a full-duplex relay (FDR) is considered to assist data transmission. An FDR equipped with multiple transmit/receive antennas is introduced to harvest energy from the radio frequency signal of the primary system to reuse the energy for its own data transmission. By exploiting the time-switching relaying protocol, we first formulate an optimization problem for the sum rate of primary and secondary receivers and then propose a low-complexity algorithm to find the optimal solution. Numerical results verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique for wireless information and power transfer in cognitive radio systems. Full article