Sepsis is triggered by infection-induced immune alteration and may be theoretically improved by pharmacological and extracorporeal immune modulating therapies. Pharmacological immune modulation may have long lasting clinical effects, that may even wo...
Chemotherapy has been a mainstay in cancer treatment for many years. Despite some success, the cure rate with chemotherapy remains unsatisfactory in some types of cancers, and severe side effects from these treatments are a concern. Recently, underst...
Modulation of the allergic immune response through alternative therapies is a field of study that aims to address allergic reactions differently from traditional approaches. These therapies encompass the utilization of natural functional foods, which...
Understanding the modulation of specific immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) offers new hope in cancer treatments, especially in cancer immunotherapies. In recent years, immune modulation and resistance to immunotherapy have become c...
Sub-Saharan Africa is the region of the world with the highest prevalence of helminth infections. To protect themselves from the defensive mechanisms of their respective hosts, helminths modulate their immune responses. This modulation has relevant c...
Background/Objectives: The gut microbiome influences melanoma biology and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Dietary fiber is a key modifiable factor that shapes the microbial composition and metabolite production. This review summarizes mecha...
Polyomaviruses are a family of small DNA viruses capable of establishing persistent infections, and they can pose significant pathogenic risks in immunocompromised hosts. While traditionally studied in the context of viral reactivation and immune sup...
A promising new approach to broad spectrum antiviral drugs is the inhibition of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (elF4A), a DEAD-box RNA helicase that effectively reduces the replication of several pathogenic virus types. Beside the an...
Radiation exposure from environmental sources, medical procedures, or space exploration poses considerable risks to human health, with profound effects on immune function and inflammatory responses. Radiotherapy (RT) is a cornerstone of modern cancer...
Diabetes significantly impacts the immune system; however, its role in worsening sepsis prognosis remains poorly understood. This study investigated the effect of hyperferritinemia on immune modulation in septic diabetic patients. A cohort study at K...
Sub-Saharan Africa, a region marked by enormous social and health inequalities, has the largest population infected with HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which are considered the main risk factors for fungal infections. At the same time, sub-Sahar...
Understanding the mechanisms that sustain immunological nonreactivity is essential for maintaining tissue in syngeneic and allogeneic settings, such as transplantation and pregnancy tolerance. While most transplantation rejections occur due to the ad...
CD4+ T cells are one of the key immune cells contributing to the immunopathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Previous studies have reported that platelet-derived mitochondria suppress the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). T...
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenous lipid mediator belonging to the N-acyl-ethanolamine family, widely recognized for its multifaceted effects on neuroprotection, chronic pain management, and immune modulation. As a naturally occurring compo...
Self-tolerance involves protection from self-reactive B and T cells via negative selection during differentiation, programmed cell death, and inhibition of regulatory T cells. The breakdown of immune tolerance triggers various autoimmune diseases, ow...
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy with a five-year survival rate of only 9%. PDAC is characterized by a dense, fibrotic stroma composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. This desmoplastic stroma is a hallmark...
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan found worldwide that is capable of infecting nearly all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Its parasitic success lies in its capacity to create chronic infections while avoiding immune detection, a...
Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is among the most frequent autoinflammatory diseases in populations originating from the area of Middle Eastern and Mediterranean countries. It is caused by mutations in the MEFV gene, which causes dysregulated pyri...
According to the WHO, in 2022, there were 2.3 million women diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) and 670,000 deaths globally. BC remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with therapeutic resistance representing a significant barrier to eff...
The immunological barrier is among the most significant barriers in vivo. Macrophages and dendritic cells play a crucial role in immune responses, involving phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and triggering adaptive responses. Nanoscale drug-deliver...
Introduction and aim: A direct causal relationship between vitamin D (vit D) deficiency and recurrent wheezing has not been proven. The present study investigated the role of vit D in enhancing the risk of asthma or recurrent wheezing by modifying th...
Bacterial infections trigger a multifaceted interplay between inflammatory mediators and redox regulation. Recently, accumulating evidence has shown that redox signaling plays a significant role in immune initiation and subsequent immune cell functio...
The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system contains a set of genes involved at many levels in the innate and adaptive immune response. Among the non-classical HLA class I genes, HLA-G stands out for the numerous studies about its pivotal role in regula...
Vitamin D3 is a fat-soluble steroid essential for bone metabolism, immune modulation, and inflammation control, all critical for periodontal health. Its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in periodontal cells...
The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is still increasing, which means that this neurodevelopmental lifelong pathology requires special scientific attention and efforts focused on developing novel therapeutic approaches. It has become incr...
Natural bioactive chemicals sourced from marine species have attracted growing interest due to their immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and gut microbiota-regulating characteristics. These chemicals, especially peptides, offer therapeutic approaches for...
Background/Objectives: Forest bathing (Shinrin-yoku) is a nature-based approach with potential preventive health relevance. This review summarizes evidence on its effects on immune function, stress physiology, and neuroprotective pathways. Methods: A...
Fungi-derived β-glucan, a type of glucopolysaccharide, has been shown to possess immune-modulatory properties in clinical settings. Studies have indicated that β-glucan derived from Ganoderma lucidum (commonly known as Reishi) holds particu...
Background/Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global health challenge and current therapies are not always effective. In addition, certain immune cell populations, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), pose a significant...
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disorder driven by immune dysregulation, marked by reduced regulatory T cells (Tregs) and unchecked inflammation. Current therapies lack specificity and efficacy, necessitating novel approaches. This stud...
Mulberry is a rapidly growing plant that thrives in diverse climatic, topographical, and soil types, spanning temperature and temperate countries. Mulberry plants are valued as functional foods for their abundant chemical composition, serving as a si...
Background: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells represent a potentially curative strategy for patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) B-cell malignancies. To elucidate a possible host immune activation following CAR-T-cell infusion, we investi...
This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of 70% ethanol extracts from six medicinal plants (Chenopodium album, Cassia tora, Cudrania tricuspidata, Dioscorea polystachya, Lonicera japonica, Solidago virgaurea subsp. gigantea) through their antib...
Herpesviruses can be detected by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which then activate downstream adaptors, kinases and transcription factors (TFs) to induce the expression of interferons (IFNs) and inflammatory cytokines. IFNs further activate t...
Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) features oxidative stress, macrophage dysfunction, and barrier disruption, with limited safe therapies. Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (PENs) delivered noninvasively to the lung are promising but understud...
Cancer vaccines have emerged as a class of therapeutics designed to harness the immune system to stimulate durable anti-tumor responses with lower systemic toxicity than conventional therapies. Many platforms have been explored, including protein, pe...
Autophagy is an essential process that maintains physiological homeostasis by promoting the transfer of cytoplasmic constituents to autophagolysosomes for degradation. In immune cells, the autophagy pathway plays an additional role in facilitating pr...
This article reviews the role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in mediating the interaction between Gram-negative bacteria and their human hosts. OMVs are produced by a diverse range of Gram-negative bacteria during infection and play a critical rol...
In our research, we explored a natural substance called Oxymatrine, found in a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, to fight against a common bird flu virus known as H9N2. This virus not only affects birds but can also pose a threat to human health....
Glyphosate, one of the most widely used herbicides worldwide, has raised significant concerns regarding its potential involvement in hepatotoxicity and molecular changes associated with liver cancer biology. These concerns highlight the need to bette...
Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Unfortunately, therapeutic gains in the treatment of other cancers have not successfully translated to pancreatic cancer treatments. Management of pancreatic cancer is...
For decades, macrocyclic compounds have been widely applied in various fields owing to essential physicochemical properties such as their rigid cyclic structures, geometric dimensions (diameter and height), hydrophobic cavity, and hydrophilic interfa...
Viruses are widely used as a platform for the production of therapeutics. Vaccines containing live, dead and components of viruses, gene therapy vectors and oncolytic viruses are key examples of clinically-approved therapeutic uses for viruses. Despi...
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by all cell types, transporting nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites. They are known to influence tumor biology by modulating cellular proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. In acute myeloid l...
Coordinated responses of intestinal epithelial and immune cells are essential for maintaining barrier integrity and immune homeostasis in dogs, yet our mechanistic understanding of probiotic-derived metabolites remains limited due to reliance on non-...
The gut microbiota plays an essential role in maintaining immune homeostasis and influencing the immune landscape within the tumor microenvironment. This review aims to elucidate the interactions between gut microbiota and tumor immune dynamics, with...
The type I interferon (IFN) response is a principal component of our immune system that allows to counter a viral attack immediately upon viral entry into host cells. Upon engagement of aberrantly localised nucleic acids, germline-encoded pattern rec...
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains a major global health challenge, largely due to the persistence of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and impaired host immunity. Interferon-α (IFN-α), a key antiviral cytokine, not only directly res...
Background: Apoptotic cells’ phosphoserine (PS) groups have a significant immunosuppressive effect. They inhibit proinflammatory signals by interacting with various immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and CD4+ cells. Previousl...
Background: Hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer, which accounts for approximately 70% of all breast cancer cases, is primarily treated with endocrine therapies as monotherapy or in combination with other targeted therapies and traditional c...
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