Search Results (121)

This work introduces a new initialization scheme for complex-valued layers in physics-informed neural networks that use holomorphic activation functions. The proposed method is derived empirically by estimating the activation and gradient gains specific to complex-valued tanh and sigmoid functions through Monte Carlo simulations. These estimates are then used to formulate variance-preserving initialization rules. The effectiveness of these formulas is evaluated on several second-order complex-valued ordinary differential equations derived from the Helmholtz equation, a fundamental model in wave theory and theoretical physics. Comparative experiments show that complex-valued neural solvers initialized with the proposed method outperform traditional real-valued physics-informed neural networks in terms of both accuracy and training dynamics. Full article

This paper broadens the scope of existing research: the shared value is generalized from a non-zero finite complex number to a non-identically zero holomorphic function, the order of the derivative is extended from the first order to an arbitrary k-th order, and the constraint condition on the polynomial H is simplified to $degH\ge 2$. A more general normality criterion for families of meromorphic functions involving the sharing of differential polynomials is proved. Let D be a domain, $\mathcal{F}$ be a family of meromorphic functions in D, and $P\left(z\right)$ be a non-identically zero holomorphic function in D. If for any $f,g\in \mathcal{F}$, the differential polynomials $H\left(f\right)f^{\left(k\right)}$ and $H\left(g\right)g^{\left(k\right)}$ share $P\left(z\right)$ in D, then $\mathcal{F}$ is normal in D. Full article

This paper explains why the critical line sits at the real part equal to one-half by treating it as an intrinsic boundary of a reparametrized complex plane (“$z$-space”), not a mere artifact of functional symmetry. In $z$-space the real part is defined by a geometric-series map that gives rise to a rulebook for admissible analytic operations. Within this setting we rederive the classical toolkit—the eta–zeta relation, Gamma reflection and duplication, theta–Mellin identity, functional equation, and the completed zeta—without importing analytic continuation from the usual $s$-variable. We show that access to the left half-plane occurs entirely through formulas written on the right, with boundary matching only along the line with the real part equal to one-half. A global Hadamard product confirms the consistency and fixed location of this boundary, and a holomorphic change of variables transports these conclusions into the classical setting. Full article

We investigated an exact solution in a conformal invariant Randall-Sundrum 5D warped brane world model on a time dependent Kerr-like spacetime. The singular points are determined by a quintic polynomial in the complex plane and fulfills Cauchy’s theorem on holomorphic functions. The solution, which is determined by a first-degree differential equation, shows many similarities with an instanton. In order to describe the quantum mechanical aspects of the black hole solution, we apply the antipodal boundary condition. The solution is invariant under time reversal and also valid in Riemannian space. Moreover, CPT invariance in maintained. The vacuum instanton solution follows from the 5D as well as the effective 4D brane equations, only when we allow the contribution of the projected 5D Weyl tensor on the brane (the KK-‘particles’). The topology of the effective 4D space of the brane is the projective $\mathbb{R}{P}^3$ (elliptic space) by identifying antipodal points on $S^3$. The 5D is completed by applying the Klein bottle embedding and the ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ symmetry of the RS model. This model fits very well with the description of the Hawking radiation, which remains pure. We have also indicated a possible way to include fermions. Our 5D space admits a double cover of $S^3$ and after fibering to the $S^2$, we obtain the effective black hole horizon. The connection with the icosahedron discrete symmetry group is investigated. It seem that Bekenstein’s conjecture that the area of a black hole is quantized, could be applied to our model. Full article

The first aim of this study is to point out new aspects of approximation theory applied to a few classes of holomorphic functions via Vitali’s theorem. The approximation is made with the aid of the complex moments of the functions involved, which are defined similarly to the moments of a real-valued continuous function. By applying uniform approximation of continuous functions on compact intervals via Korovkin’s theorem, the hard part concerning uniform approximation on compact subsets of the complex plane follows according to Vitali’s theorem. The theorem on the set of zeros of a holomorphic function is also applied. In the end, the existence and uniqueness of the solution for a multidimensional moment problem are characterized in terms of limits of sums of quadratic expressions. This is the application appearing at the end of the title. Consequences resulting from the first part of the paper are pointed out with the aid of functional calculus for self-adjoint operators. Full article

We present the invariant structure of a Holomorphic Unified Field Theory in which gravity and gauge interactions arise from a single geometric framework. The theory is formulated using a product principal bundle, with one connection, and curvature equipped with a Hermitian field on a complexification of spacetime. From a single $\mathrm{Diff}\left(M\right)\times G$-invariant action, variation yields the Einstein and Yang–Mills equations together with their paired Bianchi identities. A compatibility condition is implemented either definitionally or through an auxiliary penalty functional. It enforces that the antisymmetric part of our Hermitian field is the gauge field’s exact curvature on the real slice. Full article

This study is inspired by the rich symmetry and diverse applications of special polynomial families, with a particular focus on the q-Bernoulli polynomials, which have recently emerged as significant tools in bi-univalent function theory. These polynomials are distinguished by their mathematical versatility, analytical manageability, and strong potential for generalization, offering an elegant framework for advancing the study of such functions. In this paper, we introduce a novel subclass of bi-univalent functions defined through q-Bernoulli polynomials. We obtain coefficient estimates for functions in this class and investigate their implications for the Fekete–Szegö functional. Additionally, we present several new results to enrich the theoretical landscape of bi-univalent functions associated with q-Bernoulli polynomials. Full article

The study explores analytic, geometric and algebaraic properties of two subclasses of analytic functions: the class of Bounded Radius Rotation denoted by ${\mathcal{R}}_{\mathfrak{s}}{,}_{\varrho }(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{B},z)$, and the class of Bounded Boundary Rotation denoted by ${\mathcal{V}}_{\mathfrak{s}}{,}_{\varrho }(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{B},z)$, both associated with strongly Janowski type functions. In particular, we obtain upper bounds for the third-order Hankel determinant $|{\mathcal{H}}_{3,1}f\left(z\right)|$ and concentrate on functions displaying 2- and 3-fold symmetry. We also provide estimates for the initial logarithmic coefficients ${\eta }_1,{\eta }_2,{\eta }_3$ and the Zalcman functional $|t_3^2-t_5|$ for each class. These findings provide fresh insights into the behavior of generalized subclasses of univalent function. Full article

Integral transforms play a fundamental role in science and engineering. Above all, the Fourier transform is the most vital, which has some specifications—Laplace transform, Mellin transform, etc., with their inverse transforms. In this paper, we restrict ourselves to the use of a few versions of the Mellin transform, which are best suited to the treatment of zeta functions as Dirichlet series. In particular, we shall manifest the underlying principle that automorphy (which is a modular relation, an equivalent to the functional equation) is intrinsic to lattice (or Epstein) zeta functions by considering some generalizations of the holomorphic and non-holomorphic Eisenstein series as the Epstein-type Eisenstein series, which have been treated as totally foreign subjects to each other. We restrict to the modular relations with one gamma factor and the resulting integrals reduce to a form of the modified Bessel function. In the H-function hierarchy, what we work with is the second simplest $H_{1,1}^{1,1}\leftrightarrow H_{0,2}^{2,0}$, with H denoting the Fox H-function. Full article

In this investigation, two new subfamilies of bi-univalent functions defined on the open unit disk are presented using Liouville–Caputo fractional derivatives. We determine bounds on the initial Maclaurin coefficients $|a_2|$ and $|a_3|,$ as well as Fekete–Szegö inequality results based on the bonds of $a_2$ and $a_3$ for functions belonging to certain bi-univalent function subfamilies. Additionally, some novel subfamilies are inferred that have not yet been examined within the context of Liouville–Caputo fractional derivatives. Full article

The Hamiltonian of Reggeon field theory is defined by ${\displaystyle H_{\mu ,\lambda }=\mu A^{*}A + }$${\displaystyle i\lambda A^{*}(A+A^{*})A}$, where A and $A^{*}$ are the annihilation and creation operators satisfying $[A,A^{*}]=I$ and $\mu$, $\lambda$ are real parameters, and $i^2=-1$. This operator acts on Bargmann space $\mathbb{B}$ where $\mathbb{B}$ is a Hilbert space of holomorphic square integrable functions with respect to the Gaussian-weighted Lebesgue measure. In this work, we consider the operator ${\displaystyle H_{\lambda }=i\lambda A^{*}(A+A^{*})A}$ with maximum domain ${\displaystyle D\left(H_{\lambda }\right)=\{\phi \in \mathbb{B};H_{\lambda }\phi \in \mathbb{B}\}}$. If we limit the domain to polynomials and take the closure of the obtained operator, we denote it by ${\displaystyle H_{\lambda }^{min},}$ of which $H_{\lambda }$ is obviously an extension. Contrary to what happens for $\mu \ne 0$, it is well known that these two operators are different. The main purpose of the present work is to show that ${\displaystyle H_{\lambda }}$ admits a right-inverse ${\displaystyle K_{\lambda }}$, i.e., ${\displaystyle H_{\lambda }{K}_{\lambda }=I}$ on negative imaginary axis and that ${\displaystyle K_{\lambda }}$ is compact. Full article

Scators form a linear space equipped with a specific non-distributive product. In the elliptic case they can be interpreted as a kind of hypercomplex number. The requirement that the scator partial derivatives are direction-independent leads to a generalization of the Cauchy–Riemann equation and to scator holomorphic functions. In this paper we find a complete set of $C^2$-solutions to the generalized Cauchy–Riemann system in the $(1+n)$-dimensional elliptic scator space. For any $n⩾2$ this set consists of three classes: components exponential functions (already known), a new class of affine linear functions, and some exceptional solutions parameterized by arbitrary functions of one variable. We show, however, that the last class of solutions is not scator holomorphic and the generalized Cauchy–Riemann system should be supplemented with additional constraints to avoid such spurious solutions. The obtained family of scator holomorphic functions, although relatively narrow, is greater than that of analogous functions in quaternionic or Clifford analysis. Full article

The central focus of this study is the development and investigation of a generalized subclass of bi-univalent functions, defined using the $q^2$-Srivastava–Attiya operator in conjunction with Bernoulli polynomials. We derive initial coefficient estimates for functions in the newly proposed class and also provide bounds for the Fekete–Szegö functional. In addition to presenting several new findings, we also explore meaningful connections with previously established results in the theory of bi-univalent and subordinate functions, thereby extending and unifying the existing literature in a novel direction. Full article

Motivation. Analytic function theory on commutative complex extensions calls for an operator–theoretic calculus that simultaneously sees the algebra-induced coupling among components and supports boundary-to-interior mechanisms. Gap. While Dirac-type frameworks are classical in several complex variables and Clifford analysis, a coherent calculus aligning structural CR systems, a canonical first derivative, and a Cauchy-type boundary identity on the commutative model $\mathbb{C}\left(\mathbb{C}\right)\cong {\mathbb{C}}^4$ has not been systematically developed. Purpose and Aims. This paper develops such a calculus for $\mathcal{O}$-regular mappings on $\mathbb{C}\left(\mathbb{C}\right)$ and establishes three pillars of the theory. Main Results. (i) A fully coupled Cauchy–Riemann system characterizing $\mathcal{O}$-regularity; (ii) identification of a canonical first derivative $g^{\prime }\left(z\right)={\partial }_{x_0}g\left(z\right)$; and (iii) a Stokes-driven boundary annihilation law ${\int }_{\partial \mathrm{\Omega }}\tau g=0$ for a canonical 7-form $\tau$. On (pseudo)convex domains, $\overline{\partial }$-methods yield solvability under natural compatibility and regularity assumptions. Stability (under algebra-preserving maps), Liouville-type, and removability results are also obtained, and function spaces suited to this algebra are outlined. Significance. The results show that a large portion of the classical holomorphic toolkit survives, in algebra-aware form, on $\mathbb{C}\left(\mathbb{C}\right)$. Full article