We carried out several numerical experiments to analyze how different boundary conditions affect the ability to detect small pipeline leaks. Our method is based on determining the soil temperature gradient above a buried district heating channel. The...
In order to identify the leak source in complex heating pipeline networks, a timely and effective simulation of the leakage process was conducted. The open-source computational fluid dynamics software OpenFOAM 5.0 was combined with the PISO algorithm...
A thermal equilibrium model is established to investigate the heat leak of a space liquid hydrogen tank under different thermal adiabatic structures. The feasibility of the common bulkhead tank in realizing thrust or rotation reorientation by evapora...
Based on a model of a two-heat-reservoir heat engine with a finite high-temperature source and bypass heat leak, the optimal configuration of the cycle is found for the fixed cycle period with another linear heat transfer law . The finite thermal cap...
Infrared thermography techniques (IRT) are increasingly being applied in non-invasive structural defect detection and building inspection, as they provide accurate surface temperature (ST) and ST contrast (Delta-T) information. The common optional or...
When designing a hand caliber with a high-temperature, high-pressure internal fluid transport pipe, reliability, safe use, and performance must be considered. Reliability refers to the stress caused by thermo-mechanical load; safe use refers to the l...
Infrared thermography (IRT) techniques for building inspection are currently becoming increasingly popular as non-destructive methods that provide valuable information about surface temperature (ST) and ST contrast (delta-T). With the advent of unman...
In this paper, we review the problem of accounting for heat exchange between the flow and the flow part surfaces when creating a calculation model for modeling the workflow process of low-flow stages of a centrifugal compressor using computational fl...
This paper explores how water temperature changes in a district heating system (DHS) impact the monitoring of water losses. Water volume in DHS is constantly monitored, recorded, and replenished. The leakage and failure status of the DHS is often mon...
The water leak-off during hydraulic fracturing in shale gas reservoirs is a complicated transport behavior involving thermal (T), hydrodynamic (H), mechanical (M) and chemical (C) processes. Although many leak-off models have been published, none of...
Boiler heat exchange in thermal power plants involves tubes to transfer heat from the fuel to the water. Boiler tube leakage can cause outages and huge power generation loss. Therefore, early detection of leaks in boiler tubes is necessary to avoid s...
This study involves a screening-level risk assessment of the impairment of human health and life related to hydrogen explosion and chemical release during the operation of a hydrogen refueling station (HRS) that uses organic hydride. First, twenty-on...
A computational study of the nitrogen purging of a solid oxide fuel cell stack enclosed in a hot box is presented. The stack operates on ammonia as a fuel, and in the case of a hydrogen leakage, the entire compartment is immediately purged with nitro...
Fluid leak detection represents a problem that has attracted the interest of researchers, but not exclusively because in industries and services leaks are frequently common. Indeed, in water or gas supplies, chemical or thermal plants, sea-lines or c...
The hazard of highly combustible marine oil leakage greatly increases fishing vessel operation risks. This research integrates an experiment to explore the coupling mechanism of a typical heated surface of an engine room as a source to ignite marine...
To improve the identification accuracy of leakage layer location in an open-hole well with a distributed fiber optic temperature system, a transient temperature field heat transfer numerical calculation model for bare hole wellbore leakage process wa...
Leakage in the diaphragm wall is difficult to detect in deep foundation pits. In this study, the conceptual model of active and passive thermal leak detection methods was proposed according to the occurrence of temperature field anomalies caused by s...
After surgery for ovarian cancer or colorectal cancer, residual tumors are left around. A practical way to treat residual tumors is to destroy them with heat by injecting high-temperature drugs into the abdominal cavity. The injected medicinal substa...
In this paper, a comparison between two well-known finite time heat engine models is presented: the Carnot-like heat engine based on specific heat transfer laws between the cyclic system and the external heat baths and the Low-Dissipation model where...
Joints between diaphragm wall panels are weak spots in wall construction. It is essential that potential leak sites are detected prior to excavation. In this study, a novel leak detection and monitoring system is presented that is based on fiber Brag...
The inherently intermittent feature of solar energy requires reliable energy conversion and storage systems for utilizing the most abundant solar energy. Phase change materials are potential solutions to store a large amount of heat produced by solar...
This paper presents the design of a fault detection system (FDD) based on principal component analysis (PCA) to detect faults in the transient state of distillation processes. The FDD system detects faults due to changes in calorific power and pressu...
This paper introduces a novel thermoelectric generator (TEG)-powered Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) device that addresses key limitations in the detection of steam leaks in industrial steam pipelines, particularly in steam traps. Existing solut...
The purpose of this work is to precise and complete one recently proposed in the literature and relative to a general criterion to maximize the first law efficiency of irreversible heat engines. It is shown that the previous proposal seems to be a pa...
Small- and large-scale accidents often occur in workplaces handling hazardous chemical substances. These accidents are usually caused by leaks, explosions, fires and complex chemicals; a large proportion of these chemical accidents are caused by leak...
A compact water-cooled thermoelectric generator (TEG) based on a portable gas stove was designed and analyzed to supply electricity in off-grid scenarios. The TEG incorporates a newly designed heat collector, eight thermoelectric (TE) modules, and a...
The combustion of liquid fuels that have leaked into inert porous media, such as sand, is a critical issue for industrial safety and fire risk assessment. Despite its importance, the complex influence of porous media on the combustion process, partic...
Results obtained with a new, very compact detector for imaging with a matrix of leak microstructures (LM) are reported. Spatial linearity and spatial resolution obtained by scanning and the detection of alpha particles with 100% efficiency, when comp...
This study presents a comprehensive risk assessment of ammonia leaks, focusing on the quantitative modelling of hazardous area ranges, concentration dynamics, and thermal radiation effects under varying leakage scenarios using the ALOHA 5.4.7 softwar...
Once in its non-equilibrium steady state, a nanoscale system coupled to several heat baths may be thought of as a “quantum heat pump”. Depending on the direction of its stationary heat flows, it may function as, e.g., a refrigerator or a heat transfo...
Boil-off gas (BOG) from a liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage tank depends on the amount of heat leakage however, its assessment often relies on the static value of the boil-off rate (BOR) suggested by the LNG tank vendors that over/under predicts BO...
Borehole heat exchangers (BHEs) commonly reach depths of several tens of meters and cross different aquifers. Concerns have been raised about the possibility of boreholes to act as preferential pathways for contaminant transport among aquifers (cross...
In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework to analyze the secure communication problem for broadcasting two encrypted sources in the presence of an adversary which launches side-channel attacks. The adversary is not only allowed to eavesdrop t...
The airflow inside the housing of a 300-kW molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) system is designed to ensure safety in case of a gas leak by applying computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. In particular, gas accumulating zones are identified to...
Hydrogen is a renewable energy source with various features, clean, carbon-free, high energy density, which is being recognized internationally as a “future energy.” The US, the EU, Japan, South Korea, China, and other countries or region...
The peak load boiler (PLB) is a heat production facility that uses SA178 Gr. A and SA516 Gr. 70 low-carbon steels as tube and plate materials, respectively. Recently, failures were frequently observed near plugged tubes due to water leakage, raising...
In the context of increasing climate variability and extreme weather, chilled water systems face mounting challenges due to amplified heating and cooling demands and prevalent pipe leakages. Such leakages reduce system lifespan, raise maintenance cos...
Coal-fired power plants generate power by rotating turbines (TBNs). According to the high-temperature work exposure standard (KOSHA CODE 02), the turbine (TBN) building, where essential power-generation components, turbines (TBNs), are installed, con...
In this study, visualization treatment was applied to the flat disk-shaped evaporator of a loop heat pipe. By observing the liquid/vapor behavior inside the evaporator and compensation chamber, the effects of orientation on the performances during st...
Paraffin-based phase change material (PCM) is impregnated into the pores of lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) through vacuum impregnation to develop PCM containing macro-capsules of LECA. Three different grades of LECA varying in size and mo...
District heating networks make up an important public energy service, in which leakage is the main problem affecting the safety of pipeline network operation. This paper proposes a Leakage Fault Detection (LFD) method based on the Linear Upper Confid...
The closed-form solution, one of the effective and sufficient optimization methods, is usually less computationally burdensome than iterative and nonlinear minimization in optimization problems of heat source localization. This work presents two-dime...
Shape-stable phase change materials (ss-PCMs) are extensively applied in renewable energy storage. The core for realizing high latent heat and good thermal stability of ss-PCMs is the designation of suitable supporting skeletons that can effectively...
A finite difference model of a heat exchanger (HX) considered maldistribution, axial conduction, heat leak, and the edge effect, all of which are needed to model a high effectiveness HX. An HX prototype was developed, and channel height data were obt...
Transmission pipelines deliver natural gas to consumers around the world for the production of heat, electricity, and organic chemicals. In the United States, 2.56 million miles (4.12 million km) of pipelines carry natural gas to more than 75 million...
Environmental heat-stroke (HS) is a life-threatening response often triggered by hot and humid weather. Several lines of evidence indicate that HS is caused by excessive heat production in skeletal muscle, which in turn is the result of abnormal Ca2+...
An irreversible cycle model of a Braysson heat engine operating between two heat reservoirs is used to investigate the thermoeconomic performance of the cycle affected by the finite-rate heat transfer between the working fluid and the heat reservoirs...
This paper presents the long-term, holistic results of research into an innovative heat accumulator based on an organic phase-change material in the form of a mixture of aliphatic alkanes, molecular silica sieves, carbon recyclate and epoxy and cemen...
To improve the interfacial compatibility between cement matrix and expanded polystyrene (EPS) in core–shell lightweight aggregates (CSLA), the effects of sodium silicate, polyvinyl acetate (PVA) emulsion, vinyl acetate–ethylene (VAE) emul...
The last decade has seen the development of complex IT systems to support city management, i.e., the creation of so-called intelligent cities. These systems include modules dedicated to particular branches of municipal economy, such as urban transpor...
of 4