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19 pages, 1102 KiB  
Article
Can Better Surgical Education Lead to the Improved Acquisition of Young Trauma Surgeons? A Prospective Survey of Medical Students Concerning the Impact of Teaching Quality on the Future Choice of Medical Discipline
by Annalena Göttsche, Marcus Vollmer, Richard Kasch, Lyubomir Haralambiev, Axel Ekkernkamp and Mustafa Sinan Bakir
Surgeries 2025, 6(3), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/surgeries6030054 - 8 Jul 2025
Viewed by 287
Abstract
Introduction: The escalating scarcity of skilled healthcare professionals is particularly pronounced within surgical specialties, where the prospect of attracting prospective medical practitioners poses formidable challenges. Throughout their academic journey, students exhibit diminishing enthusiasm and motivation to pursue careers in surgery, including trauma surgery. [...] Read more.
Introduction: The escalating scarcity of skilled healthcare professionals is particularly pronounced within surgical specialties, where the prospect of attracting prospective medical practitioners poses formidable challenges. Throughout their academic journey, students exhibit diminishing enthusiasm and motivation to pursue careers in surgery, including trauma surgery. It is postulated that the caliber of teaching plays a pivotal role in influencing students’ subsequent specialization choices. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted among a cohort of third-year medical students at the German University Medicine Greifswald. The methodology encompassed the utilization of a self-administered questionnaire to procure data. Results: The study encompassed 177 participants, of whom 34.7% expressed an inclination toward a career in surgery (22.7% in trauma surgery). Participants who reported a favorable impact from the examination course displayed a significantly heightened interest in clinical clerkships within trauma surgery (p < 0.001), and even expressed a contemplation of specializing in orthopedics and trauma surgery (p = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis highlighted that the convergence of practical training and positive role modeling emerged as the most influential factors augmenting the allure of trauma surgery. Conclusions: Evidently, students who gleaned substantial benefits from high-quality practical instruction in trauma surgery exhibited a significantly heightened likelihood of pursuing this domain in their future endeavors. Surgical academic institutions stand to leverage this insight in their strategic planning for attracting and retaining potential residents. Cultivating a positive affinity for trauma surgery should be instilled early in the curriculum, subsequently sustained through ongoing immersive engagement that encompasses professional as well as interpersonal dimensions. Full article
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13 pages, 854 KiB  
Article
Individual Variability in Cognitive Engagement and Performance Adaptation During Virtual Reality Interaction: A Comparative EEG Study of Autistic and Neurotypical Individuals
by Aulia Hening Darmasti, Raphael Zender, Agnes Sianipar and Niels Pinkwart
Multimodal Technol. Interact. 2025, 9(7), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/mti9070067 - 1 Jul 2025
Viewed by 400
Abstract
Many studies have recognized that individual variability shapes user experience in virtual reality (VR), yet little is known about how these differences influence objective cognitive engagement and performance outcomes. This study investigates how cognitive factors (IQ, age) and technological familiarity (tech enthusiasm, tech [...] Read more.
Many studies have recognized that individual variability shapes user experience in virtual reality (VR), yet little is known about how these differences influence objective cognitive engagement and performance outcomes. This study investigates how cognitive factors (IQ, age) and technological familiarity (tech enthusiasm, tech fluency, first-time VR experience) influence EEG-derived cognitive responses (alpha and theta activity) and task performance (trial duration) during VR interactions. Sixteen autistic and sixteen neurotypical participants engaged with various VR interactions while their neural activity was recorded using a Muse S EEG. Correlational analyses showed distinct group-specific patterns: higher IQ correlated with elevated average alpha and theta power in autistic participants, while tech fluency significantly influenced performance outcomes only in neurotypical group. Prior VR experience correlated with better performance in the neurotypical group but slower adaptation in the autistic group. These results highlight the role of individual variability in shaping VR engagement and underscore the importance of personalized design approaches. This work provides foundational insights toward advancing inclusive, user-centered VR systems. Full article
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15 pages, 473 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Education for Sustainability Using Video Feedback and Playful Learning: A Case Study of North Cyprus Schools
by Asil Ataner, Hanife Bensen Bostanci and Mustafa Kurt
Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5603; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125603 - 18 Jun 2025
Viewed by 384
Abstract
In order to improve education for sustainability (EfS) in English-speaking schools in North Cyprus, this study investigates the use of playful learning and video feedback as cutting-edge pedagogical techniques. Engaging students in transformative learning experiences is crucial in an era characterized by environmental [...] Read more.
In order to improve education for sustainability (EfS) in English-speaking schools in North Cyprus, this study investigates the use of playful learning and video feedback as cutting-edge pedagogical techniques. Engaging students in transformative learning experiences is crucial in an era characterized by environmental issues and the pressing need for sustainable development. Students better understand their learning processes when paired with video feedback, which facilitates reflective practice. This study uses a qualitative case study methodology to investigate how instructors employ video feedback and playful learning activities to help students grasp sustainability ideas. Data were gathered through teacher interviews, classroom observations, and evaluations of student performance and feedback. The results demonstrate how these approaches can promote active learning, boost student enthusiasm, and enhance comprehension of sustainability-related topics. This study’s conclusion includes recommendations for educators and legislators looking to integrate creative, student-centered approaches into EfS curricula. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability Education across the Lifespan)
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17 pages, 2971 KiB  
Article
An Educational Trading Card Game for a Medical Immunology Course
by Vincent Singleton, Ciara Bordeaux, Emma Ferguson and Tyler Bland
Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(6), 768; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15060768 - 17 Jun 2025
Viewed by 406
Abstract
Medical students face cognitive overload and disengagement due to the rigorous demands of their education. This study evaluates the impact of Medimon Learning Cards, a mnemonic-based trading card game, on engagement, satisfaction, and knowledge retention among students in a medical immunology course. These [...] Read more.
Medical students face cognitive overload and disengagement due to the rigorous demands of their education. This study evaluates the impact of Medimon Learning Cards, a mnemonic-based trading card game, on engagement, satisfaction, and knowledge retention among students in a medical immunology course. These cards incorporate visual and linguistic mnemonics, coupled with strategic gameplay, to create an interactive learning experience. This study was conducted on 39 first-year medical students enrolled in an immunology course, divided into experimental Learning Card and control groups. The Learning Card group received the Medimon Learning Cards and participated in a structured play session, while both groups received identical in-class instruction. The results from the Situational Interest Survey for Multimedia revealed high engagement and satisfaction among the Learning Card group, with students expressing enthusiasm for expanding the scope of the cards to other topics. However, no significant differences were observed in knowledge retention or exam performance between the groups. These findings suggest that Medimon Learning Cards can serve as a valuable supplementary tool with which to enhance motivation and interest, though their impact on cognitive outcomes requires further investigation. These findings suggest that incorporating mnemonic-based card games such as Medimon Learning Cards can enhance learner motivation and interest, although their impact on cognitive outcomes warrants further study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Triggering Motivation through Play and Curiosity)
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14 pages, 536 KiB  
Perspective
A Perspective for Enhancing the Supervision of Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy: Motivational-Interviewing-Enhanced Integration Supervision (MIE-IS)
by Mitch Earleywine and Alyssa B. Oliva
Psychoactives 2025, 4(2), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives4020014 - 17 May 2025
Viewed by 590
Abstract
While research on psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) continues to show promise, challenges in its clinical application persist. One relevant domain includes how supervision might enhance both client and trainee outcomes. Current data suggest that, despite supervisor reports and the enthusiasm of trainees, supervision accounts [...] Read more.
While research on psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) continues to show promise, challenges in its clinical application persist. One relevant domain includes how supervision might enhance both client and trainee outcomes. Current data suggest that, despite supervisor reports and the enthusiasm of trainees, supervision accounts for extraordinarily little variance in treatment outcome. We propose that as supervisors model relevant skills, these skills can also improve in the therapist, which should lead to enhanced alliances and improved self-care for the client, trainee, and supervisor. Thus, we propose a model of supervision that rests on key Motivational Interviewing (MI) principles and supports the integration process—a pivotal phase of PAT where clients translate psychedelic-induced insights into meaningful behavioral change. This Motivational-Interviewing-Enhanced Integration Supervision (MIE-IS) model bridges the gap between psychedelic experiences and personal growth by ensuring supervisors can effectively encourage trainees to support their clients through this crucial integration process. Supervisors would model the use of MI with trainees in supervision, who would, in turn, apply those same MI technical and relational skills to support clients’ integration experiences. Beyond enhancing client outcomes, this supervisory model could also increase each trainee’s motivation to personally engage with wellness-promoting integration behaviors, potentially enhancing professional development and minimizing burnout. By reinforcing a culture of self-care and reflective practice, this model might inspire better self-care in supervisors as well. By fostering an MI-informed supervisory relationship, the model promotes a culture of continuous learning and skill development, benefiting clients through the effective and meaningful integration of their psychedelic experiences. Full article
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22 pages, 1586 KiB  
Article
Neuroscience Exposure as a Predictor of Teaching Self-Efficacy
by Ana Julia Ribeiro, Rafael Lima Dalle Mulle and Fernando Eduardo Padovan-Neto
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(5), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15050086 - 16 May 2025
Viewed by 552
Abstract
Teaching self-efficacy refers to a teacher’s confidence in their ability to engage students and foster learning, directly influencing their instructional planning, strategies, and student assessment practices. Neuroscience education for teachers has been shown to increase enthusiasm and support professional growth by introducing essential [...] Read more.
Teaching self-efficacy refers to a teacher’s confidence in their ability to engage students and foster learning, directly influencing their instructional planning, strategies, and student assessment practices. Neuroscience education for teachers has been shown to increase enthusiasm and support professional growth by introducing essential brain-related principles. This study investigated whether prior exposure to neuroscience predicts teaching self-efficacy among Brazilian basic education teachers. A total of 1120 teachers completed online surveys, providing sociodemographic information, educational background, teaching experience, and data regarding their previous neuroscience exposure. Participants’ neuroscience knowledge was assessed through a questionnaire designed to measure familiarity with fundamental neuroscience concepts, and teaching self-efficacy was evaluated using the Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES). The results indicated that teachers with prior exposure to extracurricular neuroscience courses demonstrated significantly higher neuroscience knowledge. Additionally, those with previous neuroscience exposure exhibited a marginally significant increase in self-efficacy for instructional strategies and a significant increase in classroom management, while no significant differences were observed in student engagement. Regression analyses confirmed that neuroscience exposure significantly predicted self-efficacy in instructional strategies and classroom management. These findings reinforce the connection between neuroscience education and enhanced teaching self-efficacy, underscoring the importance of neuroeducation programs as valuable tools for supporting teachers’ professional development and well-being. Full article
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21 pages, 292 KiB  
Article
AI and ChatGPT in Higher Education: Greek Students’ Perceived Practices, Benefits, and Challenges
by Apostolos Kostas, Vasilios Paraschou, Dimitrios Spanos, Filippos Tzortzoglou and Alivisos Sofos
Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 605; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15050605 - 14 May 2025
Viewed by 1165
Abstract
As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to evolve, its integration into higher education (HE) has sparked both enthusiasm and concern. This study examines HE students’ perceptions of ChatGPT and AI tools. An online survey with closed questions was administered, and a convenient sample of [...] Read more.
As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to evolve, its integration into higher education (HE) has sparked both enthusiasm and concern. This study examines HE students’ perceptions of ChatGPT and AI tools. An online survey with closed questions was administered, and a convenient sample of 515 students was gathered and analyzed. Findings reveal a dual perspective, where students recognize AI’s potential to enhance research efficiency, support academic tasks, and personalize learning experiences, while simultaneously raising concerns regarding ethical considerations, content reliability, and potential declines in critical thinking skills. A key insight from this study is the variation in AI perceptions based on academic level and ICT competence. The findings reinforce the importance of comprehensive AI literacy programs, ethical guidelines, and institutional support. Additionally, this study highlights the importance of bridging the digital divide, ensuring equitable engagement with AI tools across different competency levels. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on AI in HE by identifying key areas where AI adoption can be optimized while mitigating its risks. Future research and policy initiatives should focus on striking a balance between technological advancements and human-centered learning, ensuring that AI adoption supports academic integrity and educational innovation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Unleashing the Potential of E-learning in Higher Education)
21 pages, 1100 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Emotional and Interaction Factors on Consumer Behavior in Virtual CSR Co-Creation: The Mediating Role of Social Presence
by Fan Yang, Yuting Song, Huiying Zhang and Jinyi Hu
Sustainability 2025, 17(10), 4366; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17104366 - 12 May 2025
Viewed by 526
Abstract
In the context of the global environment, the rapid advancement of Internet technology has facilitated a transition from traditional offline to online modes for corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, leading to the emergence of virtual CSR co-creation initiatives. A crucial challenge for enterprises [...] Read more.
In the context of the global environment, the rapid advancement of Internet technology has facilitated a transition from traditional offline to online modes for corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, leading to the emergence of virtual CSR co-creation initiatives. A crucial challenge for enterprises engaging in such activities lies in enhancing consumer participation and retention rates. This study constructs a mediation effect model incorporating emotional factors, interaction factors, social presence, and consumer willingness to participate, grounded in the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S-O-R) model. Based on data collected from 232 consumers in China, this study reveals that identification, enthusiasm, and satisfaction exert positive influences on consumer willingness to participate. Additionally, social presence positively affects willingness to participate and acts as a mediator between community platform interaction, offline interaction, and willingness to participate. Full article
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21 pages, 4365 KiB  
Article
Teaching Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Secondary Education: A Robotics-Based Approach
by Georgios Karalekas, Stavros Vologiannidis and John Kalomiros
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(8), 4570; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15084570 - 21 Apr 2025
Viewed by 1473
Abstract
The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) highlights the need for innovative, engaging educational approaches in secondary education. This study presents the design and classroom implementation of a robotics-based lesson aimed at introducing core AI and ML concepts to [...] Read more.
The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) highlights the need for innovative, engaging educational approaches in secondary education. This study presents the design and classroom implementation of a robotics-based lesson aimed at introducing core AI and ML concepts to ninth-grade students without prior programming experience. The intervention employed two low-cost, 3D-printed robots, each used to illustrate a different aspect of intelligent behavior: (1) rule-based automation, (2) supervised learning using image classification, and (3) reinforcement learning. The lesson was compared with a previous implementation of similar content delivered through software-only activities. Data were collected through classroom observation and student–teacher discussions. The results indicated increased student engagement and enthusiasm in the robotics-based version, as well as improved conceptual understanding. The approach required no specialized hardware or instructor expertise, making it easily adaptable for broader use in school settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ICT in Education, 2nd Edition)
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23 pages, 1019 KiB  
Article
Sustainable Event Tourism: Risk Perception and Preventive Measures in On-Site Attendance
by Bijun Li, Yeongbae Choe, Sangguk Kang and Jaeseok Lee
Sustainability 2025, 17(8), 3455; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17083455 - 13 Apr 2025
Viewed by 1004
Abstract
This study extends the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to examine behavioral intentions for attending on-site e-sports events during the COVID-19 pandemic, integrating perceived risk, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), and past behavior as contextual determinants. Specifically, it aims to identify effective strategies for maintaining [...] Read more.
This study extends the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to examine behavioral intentions for attending on-site e-sports events during the COVID-19 pandemic, integrating perceived risk, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), and past behavior as contextual determinants. Specifically, it aims to identify effective strategies for maintaining event attendance intention despite unpredictable external shocks, thereby contributing to the sustainability and resilience of the event tourism industry. Using structural equation modeling, survey data from 415 Chinese League of Legends fans were analyzed to explore how pandemic-specific factors reshape traditional TPB frameworks in a sustainable tourism context. The findings revealed that NPIs (β = 0.368, p < 0.001), perceived behavioral control (β = 0.225, p < 0.001), and prior event attendance (β = 0.404, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of participation intent. In contrast, attitudes and subjective norms showed no significant influence, likely due to the homogeneous enthusiasm of the sampled Generation Z cohort. Notably, heightened perceived COVID-19 risk motivated attendees to adopt NPIs (e.g., masking, sanitization), indirectly bolstering participation intentions by alleviating safety concerns. Furthermore, frequent past attendance fostered habitual engagement, reducing reliance on deliberate decision-making. These insights advance the TPB and offer actionable strategies for event managers seeking sustainable solutions for maintaining participant engagement and economic resilience amid external disruptions. Full article
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40 pages, 3349 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Socio-Demographic Factors on Local Attitudes Towards Sustainable Tourism Development in Skadar Lake and Durmitor National Parks, Montenegro
by Branka Manojlović, Vladimir M. Cvetković, Renate Renner, Goran Grozdanić and Nenad Perošević
Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3200; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073200 - 3 Apr 2025
Viewed by 1372
Abstract
This study investigates the attitudes of local residents regarding the impacts of sustainable tourism development in two national parks in Montenegro: Skadar Lake National Park (NP) and Durmitor National Park (NP). The aim is to identify the key factors that shape these attitudes [...] Read more.
This study investigates the attitudes of local residents regarding the impacts of sustainable tourism development in two national parks in Montenegro: Skadar Lake National Park (NP) and Durmitor National Park (NP). The aim is to identify the key factors that shape these attitudes and to discern the differences in perceptions between the residents of these two areas. The research is based on the assumption that socio-demographic characteristics, such as gender, age, and level of education, significantly influence attitudes toward sustainable tourism development. Data were collected through a questionnaire covering various attitudes toward tourism. Analyses were conducted using multiple regression analysis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson’s correlation, with careful verification of all key statistical assumptions to ensure the validity of the results. The findings reveal significant differences in perceptions between residents of NP Skadar Lake and NP Durmitor. Respondents from NP Durmitor generally rated tourism’s positive and negative aspects higher than those from NP Skadar Lake. On the other hand, NP Skadar Lake residents exhibited more enthusiasm for tourism promotion and engagement in tourism development processes. It was concluded that socio-demographic characteristics, particularly education and age, influence attitudes toward tourism. These findings provide a basis for formulating recommendations to improve tourism development, considering local communities’ specific needs and perceptions in both national parks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Tourism, Culture, and Heritage)
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30 pages, 379 KiB  
Review
Benefits of Nature Imagery and Visual Art in Healthcare Contexts: A View from Empirical Aesthetics
by Eileen R. Cardillo and Anjan Chatterjee
Buildings 2025, 15(7), 1027; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15071027 - 24 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2228
Abstract
Public enthusiasm for the arts is high, a trend reflected in the increasingly commonplace incorporation of art in healthcare settings to enhance patient health and wellbeing. The primary aim of this critical narrative review is to evaluate the evidence for the health benefits [...] Read more.
Public enthusiasm for the arts is high, a trend reflected in the increasingly commonplace incorporation of art in healthcare settings to enhance patient health and wellbeing. The primary aim of this critical narrative review is to evaluate the evidence for the health benefits of the most common art intervention in healthcare—visual art in the built environment. This review synthesizes 25 experimental studies of adult patients passively exposed to nature imagery (n = 17) or other visual art (n = 8). Additional aims are to identify methodological limits and conceptual gaps, integrate the evaluation of studies with insights from empirical aesthetics, and propose a research agenda to advance understanding in ways relevant to clinicians, hospital designers, and policymakers. The efficacy of nature imagery is surprisingly robust given the limited evidence, consistently indicating reduced stress, pain, and anxiety and enhanced patient satisfaction. The impacts of other visual art forms and on other psychological and clinical outcomes are promising but inconsistent, requiring additional testing. Key opportunities for the future include tailoring interventions to the needs of different contexts and populations, deepening engagement, leveraging emerging technologies, capitalizing on underlying mechanisms, and demonstrating economic benefits. With rigorous, scientific study, this young field can inform hospital design, improve patient outcomes, and enhance the culture of healthcare. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Art and Design for Healing and Wellness in the Built Environment)
20 pages, 1217 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Social Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Diary Study of Tourism Students
by Panagiota Xanthopoulou and Alexandros Sahinidis
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(3), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15030111 - 19 Mar 2025
Viewed by 905
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of entrepreneurship education on the social entrepreneurial intentions of undergraduate tourism students at a Greek university. Using a qualitative diary-based research tool, the study examined how different educational practices shape students’ learning experiences, [...] Read more.
The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of entrepreneurship education on the social entrepreneurial intentions of undergraduate tourism students at a Greek university. Using a qualitative diary-based research tool, the study examined how different educational practices shape students’ learning experiences, emotional involvement, and intentions to become social entrepreneurs. In total, 64 participants voluntarily decided to participate in the diary research, and they recorded their views on a weekly basis regarding their experience of and feelings on a variety of educational activities. The findings indicate that experiential and team-based methods greatly improved students’ knowledge of and enthusiasm for social entrepreneurship. Interactive videos of real-life examples boosted their sensitivity and critical thinking, while team activities such as the creation of business canvases and idea development and presentation enhanced their collaboration and practical application of concepts. Emotional engagement through team collaboration and the creation of business canvases on their personal entrepreneurial ideas were identified as major factors in boosting social entrepreneurial intention. This study emphasizes the significant impact of entrepreneurship education on promoting social entrepreneurial mindsets among tourism students, offering practical implications for designing impactful educational strategies in higher education and integrating experiential learning methods into entrepreneurship curricula. Full article
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25 pages, 538 KiB  
Article
Virtual Choirs in Care Homes: The Development and Early Assessment of a New Virtual Reality Choir Intervention
by Helena Daffern, Helen Weatherly, Pedro Saramago, Kim Steele, Dana Greaves, Maeve Kavanagh, Lucy Cooney, Jake Spreadborough, Stephen Honnan, Daniel Johnston and Ross Toomer
Virtual Worlds 2025, 4(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/virtualworlds4010008 - 28 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 809
Abstract
Engaging with music has been shown to have a positive impact on the quality of life of residents in care homes, who are known to be affected by anxiety, depression and loneliness. Based on the known benefits of in-person singing activities, a new [...] Read more.
Engaging with music has been shown to have a positive impact on the quality of life of residents in care homes, who are known to be affected by anxiety, depression and loneliness. Based on the known benefits of in-person singing activities, a new Virtual Reality (VR) choir application was developed to facilitate group singing, aiming to improve residents’ wellbeing and sense of community. Co-designed with Alzheimer Scotland, the intervention was tested in two care homes for functionality and to develop an approach towards assessing feasibility. Residents participated in scheduled sessions over a five-week period, in addition to staff engaging in independent ad hoc use of the experience with residents. Data on reactions to the intervention, the quality of life of participants and preferences about the outcome instruments were collected. The VR intervention proved technically successful, user-friendly, and allowed multiple users to sing together. Participants and staff showed strong enthusiasm for the intervention, with residents actively engaging in singing and movement, although some residents found the headsets uncomfortable. This suggests that VR choirs could be a valuable, scalable activity in care homes, especially when in-person facilitators are unavailable. Preliminary observations indicated that the intervention was not detrimental to participants’ health; however, the sample size was very small and a larger feasibility study is required to examine the intervention’s effectiveness, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. This research highlights the challenges associated with measuring the feasibility of VR interventions in residential care settings, and the value of capturing qualitative data in an ecological setting that represents the intended use of the intervention. Full article
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25 pages, 3219 KiB  
Article
Bystanders to Bias: Witnessing Gendered Microaggressions Affects Men’s and Women’s Outcomes in STEM Small Group Contexts
by Nadia Vossoughi, Logan C. Burley, Ryan P. Foley, Lorelle A. Meadows and Denise Sekaquaptewa
Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 215; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020215 - 14 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1208
Abstract
We tested whether merely witnessing gendered microaggressions affects group work experiences among male and female undergraduate computer science and engineering students. Across three experiments (N = 753), we randomly assigned computer science and engineering students to witness microaggressions targeting female students, or [...] Read more.
We tested whether merely witnessing gendered microaggressions affects group work experiences among male and female undergraduate computer science and engineering students. Across three experiments (N = 753), we randomly assigned computer science and engineering students to witness microaggressions targeting female students, or control interactions, using a video manipulation. Witnessing microaggressions—compared to the control—resulted in heightened gender-specific stereotyping concerns, with women being concerned about appearing incompetent and men being concerned with appearing sexist. For both women and men, witnessing microaggressions resulted in decreased enthusiasm for participating in group work. Moreover, for women, the relationship between decreased enthusiasm and witnessing microaggressions was partially mediated by increased concerns about being stereotyped as incompetent. Across the experiments, mixed results emerged regarding the effect of witnessing microaggressions on the recall of engineering content in the video. This research extends previous work focused on personally experiencing microaggressions to merely witnessing them, showing that positivity toward anticipated group work is diminished for both women and men when they see peers engaging in microaggressions. Full article
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