Search Results (299)

Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) has regional influence in the Caribbean, with a diversified economy focused on energy, manufacturing, and finance compared to the tourism-related economies of most of the other Caribbean islands. Notwithstanding, this has not translated into equitable opportunities for all, specifically for people with disabilities. A lack of disaggregated employment data thwarts effective policy planning for people with disabilities. This research sought to examine the barriers to their employment in T&T. Underpinned by the social model of disability, a concurrent mixed-methods approach was employed. Emanating from interviews with people with disabilities and key informants, challenges to employment access, employer perceptions, and apathy emerged as key themes, together with the underlying issues of a lack of legislation and inequitable access to mainstream education. The survey findings indicated that 64% of employers had never employed people with disabilities, 57% expressed neutrality regarding future employment of such individuals, and 69% had not introduced workplace accommodations. A key recommendation of the study is the establishment of an employer resource centre that assists employers in creating and maintaining inclusive workplace accommodations for people with disabilities. This study is the first in Trinidad and Tobago to examine these research objectives from multiple perspectives. Full article

This paper investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and practical adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) among students of the Teacher Education Study Program in Split. Recent trends indicate a decline in adherence within Mediterranean regions, a phenomenon known as the Mediterranean paradox. Studying the relationship between students’ knowledge and practice is critical within the context of SDG 3 and SDG 4, as it highlights the role of future educators in promoting healthy communities. A quantitative approach was employed using the MDNK methodology, supplemented with the MEDAS test, to assess adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. Statistical analysis included p-values and effect size measures to assess practical relevance. Students averaged 13.39/18 on the MDNK test, with most showing moderate MEDAS adherence and only 5 reaching high adherence. The year of study or employment status has not been shown as an influential factor. While most students possess a high level of knowledge on the MD’s key components and express a positive attitude toward this dietary pattern, a significant knowledge-practice gap exists, confirming the Mediterranean paradox among future teachers. The need for nutritional and food education within the university curriculum is essential to move beyond theoretical instruction and actively promote food literacy and practical skills. Full article

This article explores how people with intellectual disabilities can be more involved in evaluating and regulating the services they use and the quality of their lives. Traditionally, these evaluations have been performed by professionals, but we argue that people with lived experience of intellectual disabilities bring unique insights and should be part of the process. The idea builds on ‘inclusive research’, where people with intellectual disabilities are not just subjects of research but active researchers. We use the term ‘inclusive evaluation’, to describe the active engagement of people with intellectual disabilities in inspecting and assessing services to ensure they meet standards and respect human rights. The paper describes a small exploratory study involving interviews with regulators, professionals, and people with intellectual disabilities across Ireland, Northern Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand who had been involved in inclusive evaluations. It found strong support for it, highlighting benefits such as greater trust and empathy during evaluations with users of services, more meaningful feedback for service providers, and increased confidence and employment opportunities for evaluators with disabilities. However, challenges remain, including funding and fair pay for the engagement of people with intellectual disabilities, training opportunities that meet the support needs of all stakeholders, and changing the cultural attitudes in support services that underestimate the abilities of people with intellectual disabilities. Steps to overcome these challenges are proposed such as piloting inclusive evaluation programmes, providing inclusive evaluation training to all involved, and lobbying governments to fund these roles. We conclude with a proposed implementation framework and a set of guiding principles that will nurture a spirit of inclusion and respect in service evaluations. Full article

Numerous studies have examined the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on university students’ attitudes. However, little is known about how their career awareness changed and how such changes differed between urban and rural areas. This study analyzed psychological data collected through a questionnaire survey conducted from 9 November 2020, to 19 January 2021, among 516 first- to fourth-year students enrolled in social science faculties in Japan. The analysis compared changes in career awareness by university location. The results indicated that, during the pandemic, urban students placed greater emphasis on self-worth, while rural students placed greater emphasis on working conditions, suggesting a possible widening gap between the two groups. Furthermore, logistic multiple regression and path analyses revealed that, among rural students, greater concern for working conditions was associated with a stronger focus on interpersonal relationships, which in turn enhanced their preference for local employment. In addition, valuing interpersonal relationships was linked to a stronger focus on social recognition, which may foster more intrinsic aspects of career awareness. Full article

This paper explores the attitudes and involvement of tourism development in rural and remote cross-border areas in Croatia and Slovenia. These locations were selected due to their valuable cultural, historical, and natural resources. The purpose of this study was to identify how tourism can contribute to the sustainable development of these areas through the identification of positive and negative impacts based on perceptions obtained through a survey of residents and visitors. Results found that the local population positively assessed employment and quality of life as benefits generated by tourism, while identifying negative consequences such as price increases and crowds. Visitors highlighted negative aspects (environmental impact, availability of services), while recognizing the contribution of tourism to the preservation of space. The results emphasize the importance of harmonizing the interests of local communities and visitors in the planning of sustainable tourism, through continuous involvement of local stakeholders, periodic monitoring of attitudes, and preservation of natural and cultural resources as the basis of tourism development. Because tourism can change the area and culture of any destination, it is important to measure key stakeholder attitudes specific to tourism development in cross-border rural areas. Full article

Employers are highlighting the importance of knowledge and professional skills, including personal, interpersonal, communication, and thinking, in their quest for graduates who are prepared for the workforce. Collaborative research is an essential toolbox that integrates knowledge, skills, and attitudes, which is important for future engineers; nonetheless, undergraduate students often struggle to engage effectively in this key competency. This study presents an undergraduate sustainability research experience (CUSRE) that is built into two courses, utilizing a collaborative-based learning (CBL) setting aimed at creating knowledge, improving skills and competencies, encouraging inclusivity, and advancing equitable education. The objective of the study is to narrow the achievement gap, improve graduation rates, and boost students’ enthusiasm and readiness for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It encompasses a strategy that integrates key approaches, including collaborative research, sustainability as a core value and practice, and educational equity supported by compensatory pedagogy that emphasizes teamwork. Introduced at the University of Ottawa (uOttawa) in Canada, the initiative engaged students to deepen their understanding of the SDGs through research cases and projects. This experience yielded significant knowledge gains and a considerable success rate among participants. Moreover, it has been successfully scaled and adapted for the Global Banking School (GBS) in the UK, thereby broadening its impact to a larger audience. Full article

This study examined whether civic engagement (CE) and social connectedness (SC) differ by sociodemographic characteristics and social determinants of health (SDOH). Baseline data were drawn from a rural community-randomized controlled trial (n = 2381). Sociodemographic characteristics included sex, age, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, employment, and income. SDOH measures included food insecurity, having a regular healthcare provider, housing instability, utility shutoffs, transportation access, and government assistance. CE measures included attitudes, behaviors, and mobilization, while SC measures included community health investment, social cohesion, and social networks. Bivariate associations were estimated using linear regression to assess relationships between CE and SC measures and sociodemographic and SDOH measures. Being married, college-educated, or employed were positively associated with multiple CE measures. SC measures were consistently higher among participants with greater educational attainment and lower among those experiencing food insecurity. Findings highlight persistent inequities in CE and SC across sociodemographic and SDOH factors within rural communities. Full article

This article focuses on one critical factor among the many influencing identity formation in the second generation of Albanian origin in Greece: the acquisition of citizenship. Citizenship is more than a legal status; it serves as a fundamental marker of belonging, shaping access to rights, social mobility, and political participation. Despite the 2015 Greek citizenship law aiming to facilitate naturalization, many second-generation Albanians still face bureaucratic obstacles, and prolonged legal uncertainty. These barriers create a sense of social exclusion by limiting opportunities in education and employment and depriving them the right of political participation. Navigating these challenges forces individuals to negotiate their identity in complex ways. Some emphasize Greek identity, others adopt a hybrid identity, yet others reinforce Albanian self-identification. Broader societal attitudes, including stereotypes and discrimination, further shape these identity strategies. These strategies are furthermore influenced by the individuals’ life trajectories, which can either reinforce a sense of otherness or counteract it. Through in-depth interviews, this qualitative study argues that citizenship constitutes a crucial determinant of cultural and/or national belonging for some people, as it produces practical and symbolic conditions of inclusion or exclusion. Ultimately, Greek citizenship functions not just as an institutional gatekeeper but as a broader social force that shapes an individuals’ identity and sense of belonging within Greek society. Full article

Drawing on organizational justice theory, this study examines how workers’ perceptions of fair treatment influence job satisfaction following the transition from temporary agency employment at subcontracting firms to regular employment with client firms. A multilevel analysis was conducted to simultaneously assess individual- and organizational-level effects. Data were collected through a survey of Korean public organizations that had implemented regular employment transitions, yielding a final sample of 966 employees nested within 116 institutions. At the individual level, perceived fair treatment after regularization was positively associated with job satisfaction. At the organizational level, systematic human resource management practices enhanced employees’ perceptions of fair treatment, while government support during the transition process—including the provision of clear guidelines and professional consulting—moderated the relationship between perceived fair treatment and job satisfaction. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how fair treatment perceptions shape employee attitudes following employment regularization and highlight the role of organizational human resource practices and government involvement in fostering positive outcomes during labor market transitions. Full article

Background/Objectives: Parents’ vaccine hesitancy constitutes a global challenge, strongly associated with trust in healthcare professionals. This study aimed to identify socio-demographic predictors of parental pro- and anti-vaccination behaviors and investigate the association between these factors and intentions regarding children’s future immunizations. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey using the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) questionnaire. Participants were recruited purposively and via snowballing through parenting groups and educational institutions. Results: We surveyed 1.046 parents and provided attitudes for 1.701 children; 85.1% of child-specific responses reflected positive attitudes (PACV ≤ 50; median 16.7). In univariate regression, employment (OR = 2.172, 95% CI: 1.530–3.084; p < 0.001) and healthcare employment (OR = 2.907, 95% CI: 1.983–4.262; p < 0.001) increased the odds of positive attitudes, whereas each additional household member (OR = 0.693, 95% CI: 0.597–0.805; p < 0.001) and child (OR = 0.677, 95% CI: 0.579–0.792; p < 0.001) reduced them. Multivariable models confirmed higher odds for suburban/rural residence (OR = 1.614, 95% CI: 1.037–2.513; p = 0.034), employment (OR = 1.869, 95% CI: 1.284–2.721; p = 0.001), and healthcare employment (OR = 2.785, 95% CI: 1.872–4.144; p < 0.001). Among prior non-vaccinators (n = 114), 39.5% planned to vaccinate, 41.2% did not. Those who planned showed greater trust than non-planners in the child’s doctor (mean: 7.49 vs. 3.74) and schedule (mean: 7.89 vs. 1.40), p < 0.001, with lower trust correlating with greater hesitancy and safety concerns. Conclusions: Trust in physicians was strongly associated with both current attitudes and future intentions. Trust-focused, patient-centered communication may be related to more positive vaccination attitudes among parents. However, longitudinal research is needed to determine whether such trust could influence changes in vaccination behavior, especially since parents’ attitudes toward vaccinations can evolve with the arrival of subsequent children. Full article

Employee satisfaction is a crucial factor affecting organizational performance, productivity, and overall workplace efficiency. This study investigates employment satisfaction within the Greek technology sector through sentiment analysis, focusing on employees’ responses through the Employee Experience-Satisfaction (EmEx-Sa) questionnaire. The study employs natural language processing (NLP) and, in particular, the lexicon-based sentiment analysis methodology to analyze data from 208 employees across the entirety of Greece, obtained from open and semi-open questions, multiple-choice alternatives, and demographic questions. The objective is to utilize data from sources such as the Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire (MOAQ), Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) and Job Descriptive Index (JDI) to determine the primary elements that impact job satisfaction and, by applying principles of organizational ergonomics, gain insight into the attitudes and emotions of employees. Results reveal that the working environment (total sentiment score: 21.50) is the primary driver of positive sentiment, while salary (total sentiment score: −18.72) is the main source of dissatisfaction. Sentiment regarding superiors is more balanced, leaning slightly positive (total sentiment score: 0.02), but the analysis indicates opinions lack significant polarization. The findings delineate critical factors influencing job satisfaction, encompassing the work environment, leadership quality, salary, and opportunities for professional advancement. The research underscores the significance of internal marketing tactics in fostering engagement, trust, and transparency between management and employees and provides actionable suggestions for boosting working conditions, fostering employee well-being, and improving organizational performance, underscoring the strategic imperative of prioritizing job satisfaction. Full article

The statistics indicate a significant growth in the global organic food industry. This growth impacts rural economies, employment, and the rural landscape, affecting the structure, services, and amenities available to the rural population. Most of the Bulgarian municipalities have rural characteristics. The primary objective of this study is to analyze and assess the impact of organic farming on rural development and to formulate recommendations for fostering a stronger relationship between organic agriculture and rural regions in Bulgaria. Due to the complexity and comprehensiveness of this study’s primary objective, the authors employ a combination of three methods: statistical analysis (correlation, regression, and chi-squared), a survey focused on consumer attitudes towards organic products, and a SWOT analysis. There is a strong correlation between the expansion of organic production, the demand for such products, and the rural regions’ development. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.678044) has been demonstrated between the number of enterprises and the number of people employed in rural regions. The frequency of purchasing organic products is increasing, with 28% of consumers using these products in 2014 and over 45% expected to do so in 2024. Based on the SWOT analysis, the authors outline key recommendations in four areas in the context of strategic rural policy: stimulating demand, stimulating supply, stimulating and expanding production, and improving the legislative framework. Full article

Sales and marketing personnel are among the most knowledgeable individuals regarding the safety of the medications they promote. No previous work has assessed pharmaceutical sales and marketing personnel’s knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP), and barriers toward pharmacovigilance (PV) in Saudi Arabia; therefore, the present study aimed to assess these aspects and to scrutinize their associations with the subjects’ baseline characteristics. A validated questionnaire comprising five sections (baseline characteristics, knowledge, attitude, practice, and barriers) was disseminated via email networks and social media platforms between 18 March and 31 May 2025. All employees working in the sales and marketing departments of pharmaceutical companies in Saudi Arabia were eligible to participate. Participants’ responses were categorized as good or poor knowledge, positive or negative attitude, good or poor practice, and challenging or non-challenging work environment, based on the cumulative score in each respective section, using a 60% cutoff. A total of 400 participants completed the survey. Of these, about one-third (37.3%) had 2–4 years of professional experience and two-thirds (63%) were employed by multinational companies. Overall, 57% and 83.5% had good knowledge and positive attitude, respectively. The work environment was considered non-challenging by 92.8% of participants, and 61% reported good practice. We noted that holding a non-pharmacy degree was a significant predictor of poor knowledge and a challenging work environment. Additionally, employment in a local company was significantly associated with poor knowledge and practice. Pharmaceutical sales and marketing personnel in Saudi Arabia demonstrated acceptable levels of KAP and reported few barriers toward PV, with an opportunity for improvement. Full article

Background/Objectives: This study is part of an exploratory mixed-methods project investigating how companies and their employees in Germany dealt with adapted working conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we identify predictive factors for employees’ attitudes towards the suitability of work-related technical, organisational, and personal SARS-CoV-2 infection control measures. Methods: In July 2021, when there was little evidence to suggest that the risk of work-related exposure to SARS-CoV-2 differed between occupations and workplaces, a standardised online and an optional paper-and-pencil survey were distributed across seven companies in southern Germany. Multivariate linear regression was used for analysis. Results: A total of 821 employees participated (average response rate: 24.5%). Most of the respondents (93%) worked in large companies, in the production industry (82%), with most of them having office jobs (82%). Around 29% reported doing most of their office work remotely during the pandemic. The perceived suitability of workplace infection control measures was rated quite high, with an overall mean score of 4.11 (SD 0.60) out of a possible 5. Workplace characteristics related to the COVID-19 pandemic as well as individual perception of SARS-CoV2 and COVID-19 in general were the most prominent predictors of attitudes towards the suitability of work-related SARS-CoV-2 infection control. For example, a higher COVID-19-specific reactance was negatively associated with attitudes towards technical (ß = −0.16), organisational (ß = −0.14), and personal (ß = −0.17) infection control measures (all p-values < 0.001). Furthermore, a higher rating of the employer’s commitment to occupational safety and health related to SARS-CoV-2, a higher individual disease perception, and a higher individual COVID-19-specific resilience had a positive association with attitudes towards the suitability of infection control measures. Finally, professional activity as well as company affiliation had statistically significant associations with employees’ attitudes towards the suitability of infection control measures. Conclusions: The results provide insight into factors relevant to pandemic prevention and control. In particular, our findings highlight the potential to implement organisational measures alongside compulsory technical occupational health measures. This could inform the development of pandemic preparedness strategies that prioritise adherence to established occupational infection control measures. Full article

Employment and job-hunting can improve well-being by increasing confidence among emerging adults when equal employment opportunities exist for women and men. However, the relationship between well-being, traditional gender role attitudes, and job-hunting among women in emerging adulthood remains unclear. This study examined the interactions between gender role attitudes and job-hunting in relation to the well-being of emerging adult women. An online survey was conducted in five universities and five companies in Japan. The dependent variable was well-being. The explanatory variables were job-hunting experience within the past 6 months and traditional gender role attitudes measured by the gender role stressor scale. Of the 137 women, we analyzed the data from 132 participants with no missing data. Thirty-five (26.5%) participants were employed and had job-hunting experience. Multiple regression analysis showed that job-hunting experiences were negatively associated with well-being. Additionally, gender role attitudes were not associated with well-being. In the interaction between job-hunting experience and gender role attitudes, the more traditional one’s attitude toward gender roles is, the more negative the relationship between job-hunting experience and well-being. Job-hunting may not necessarily lead to well-being for all women, so women’s attitudes toward gender roles should be considered and respected. Full article