654 Results Found

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a vital method in neurorehabilitation used to reanimate paralyzed muscles, enhance the size and strength of atrophied muscles, and reduce spasticity. FES often leads to increased muscle fatigue, necessitatin...

Spatially selective nerve stimulation is an active area of research, with the capability to reduce side effects and increase the clinical efficacy of nerve stimulation technologies. Several research groups have demonstrated proof-of-concept devices c...

Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) is a promising non-invasive method to improve motor function in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) by enhancing spinal reflex pathways. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different tSCS...

Correct position and orientation of a directional deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode in the patient’s brain must be known to fully exploit its benefit in guiding stimulation programming. Magnetoelectric (ME) sensors can play a critical role here....

High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) is a promising non-invasive neuromodulation technique, which has been widely used in the clinical intervention and treatment of neurological or psychiatric disorders. Sintered Ag/AgCl...

Textile electrodes are becoming an attractive means in the facilitation of surface electrical stimulation. However, the stimulation comfort of textile electrodes and the mechanism behind stimulation discomfort is still unknown. In this study, a texti...

Background/Objectives: During and after electric–acoustic stimulation (EAS) surgery (as well as regular cochlear implant surgery), the oral and/or intravenous administration of steroids is recommended to prevent acute inflammatory reactions and...

Background: Previous studies have revealed the existence of electrode displacement during subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS). However, the effect of electrode displacement on treatment outcomes is still unclear. In this study, we ai...

We investigated the effects of belt electrode-skeletal muscle electrical stimulation (B-SES) on muscle atrophy in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. Twenty-eight 8-week-old male Dark Agouti rats were immunized with type II collagen and Freund&rsq...

Background: To date, there is no conclusive evidence that transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation (TNMES) benefits patients with post-stroke dysphagia (PSD). In addition, the optimal TNMES electrode placement has not been well-established...

Peripheral nerve stimulation has emerged as a platform therapy to treat a wide range of disorders. Continued development and translation of these strategies requires that researchers have access to reliable, customizable electrodes for nerve stimulat...

One of the most common causes for larynx paralysis is the injury of the recurrent laryngeal nerve which, among others, causes the paralysis of the posterior cricoarytenoideus muscle (PCA). Electrical stimulation of PCA offers an approach to retaining...

Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS) is a promising approach in functional restoration following neural impairments. Although it proves to be advantageous in the number of implantation sites provided compared with intramuscular or epimysial stimulation...

Recently, electrovibration tactile displays were studied and applied to several use cases by researchers. The high-resolution electrode for electrovibration stimulus will contribute to the presentation of a more realistic tactile sensation. However,...

Implantable electrodes represent a groundbreaking advancement in nervous system research, providing a pivotal tool for recording and stimulating human neural activity. This capability is integral for unraveling the intricacies of the nervous system&r...

(1) Background: Titanium nitride (TiN) electrodes have been used for implantable stimulation and sensing electrodes for decades. Nevertheless, there still is a discrepancy between the in vitro and in vivo determined safe charge injection limits. This...

Background: Current approaches to detect the positions and orientations of directional deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes rely on radiative imaging data. In this study, we aim to present an improved version of a radiation-free method for magneti...

Three-dimensional biofilm electrode reactors (3D-BERs) were constructed to degrade the azo dye Reactive Brilliant Red (RBR) X-3B. The 3D-BERs with different influent concentrations and external voltages were individually studied to investigate their...

Background: Electrode reconstruction for postoperative deep brain simulation (DBS) can be achieved manually using a surgical planning system such as Surgiplan, or in a semi-automated manner using software such as the Lead-DBS toolbox. However, the ac...

Spinal cord electrical (SCS) stimulation alleviates motor deficits in rodent and primate models of Parkinson’s disease due to a suppression of synchronous corticostriatal low-frequency oscillation. Limited epidural space requires resistant bioc...

This study presents a method of producing flexible electrodes for potentially simultaneously stimulating and measuring cellular signals in retinal cells. Currently, most multi-electrode applications rely primarily on etching, but the metals involved...

A 16-channel dual-sided flexible electrode based on a polyimide substrate was designed and fabricated using micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) technology. The electrode exhibited an average impedance of 5.9 kΩ at 1 kHz and a charge storage c...

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been widely explored as a neuromodulatory adjunct to modulate corticomotor excitability and improve motor behavior. However, issues with the effectiveness of tDCS have led to the exploration of empir...

(1) Aims: To test a newly designed helical-wire hook electrode implanted in the bladder wall to induce contraction and promote voiding. (2) Methods: In three minipigs with a created lesion of the sacral spinal cord, four electrodes were implanted in...

Multi-pad electrotactile stimulation can be used to provide tactile feedback in different applications. The electrotactile interface needs to be calibrated before each use, which entails adjusting the intensity to obtain clear sensations while allowi...

The cerebellum is involved in pain processing and, therefore, an important target for non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) for analgesia. When targeting a brain region for NIBS, it can be difficult to ensure activation of only target regions. Optima...

In this study, the perception of phosphenes was used as a surrogate identifier for stimulation sites for use in retinal-degenerative diseases. We aimed to investigate the influence of adaptation, electrode montage, and direction of view on electrical...

Subdural electrode arrays are used for monitoring cortical activity and functional brain mapping in patients with seizures. Until recently, the only commercially available arrays were silicone-based, whose thickness and lack of conformability could i...

Recently, implantable devices have become widely used in neural prostheses because they eliminate endemic drawbacks of conventional percutaneous neural interface systems. However, there are still several issues to be considered: low-efficiency wirele...

The 10/20 electroencephalogram (EEG) measurements system often guides electrode placement for transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a form of non-invasive brain stimulation. One targeted region of the brain is the primary motor cortex (M1)...

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has been used to target many deep brain structures for the treatment of chronic pain. The periaqueductal grey and periventricular grey (PAG/PVG) is an effective target but results are variable, sometimes short-lived or su...

This paper deals with the DC offset currents generated by a platinum electrode matrix during biphasic stimulation. A fully automated test bench evaluates the nanoampere range DC offset currents in a realistic and comprehensive scenario by using plati...

This study presents the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) microelectrodes for subretinal stimulation, to accommodate adjacent return electrodes surrounding a stimulating electrode. For retinal prosthetic devices, the arrangement of return electro...

Cochlear implants are neural implant devices that aim to restore hearing in patients with severe sensorineural hearing impairment. Here, the main goal is to successfully place the electrode array in the cochlea to stimulate the auditory nerves throug...

Focal stimulation of neural tissue is a challenge in retinal prosthetic devices in which the aim is to improve the spatial resolution of the stimulation and therefore increase the electrode density of the prosthetic devices. Our work intends to creat...

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is considered the gold-standard treatment for PD; however, underlying therapeutic mechanisms need to be comprehensively elucidated, especially in relation to glial cells. We aimed to under...

Addressing peripheral nerve disorders with electronic medicine poses significant challenges, especially in replicating the dynamic mechanical properties of nerves and understanding their functionality. In the field of electronic medicine, it is cruci...

The electric stimulation (ES) of the cornea is a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of degenerative visual diseases. Currently, ES is delivered by placing a mono-element electrode on the surface of the cornea that uniformly stimulates the ey...

Wearable electrode arrays can selectively stimulate muscle groups by modulating their shape, size, and position over a targeted region. They can potentially revolutionize personalized rehabilitation by being noninvasive and allowing easy donning and...

Electrical stimulation is ubiquitous as a method for activating neuronal tissue, but there is still significant room for advancement in the ability of these electrical devices to implement smart stimulus waveform design to more selectively target pop...

Implantable bioelectrodes have the potential to advance neural sensing and muscle stimulation, mainly in patients with peripheral nerve injuries. They function as the transducer at the interface between the damaged nerve and the muscle which is contr...

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been used to revitalise the muscles of people suffering from various kinds of injury. However, when human skin is incorporated into electrical circuits, it must not be treated as a passive component. Skin&r...

In this review article, we are going to present an overview on possible applications of light-addressable electrodes (LAE) as actuator/manipulation devices besides classical electrode structures. For LAEs, the electrode material consists of a semicon...

This research was conducted to develop a textile electrode-based TENS module, as an alternative to overcome the shortcomings of current conventional electrodes used in TENS enabled pain therapy products, such as kneecaps. The existing TENS devices we...

Stroke leads to serious long-term disability. Electrical epidural cortical stimulation has made significant improvements in stroke rehabilitation therapy. We developed a preliminary wireless implantable passive interface, which consists of a stimulat...

This work presents the design and test of an e-textile based functional electrical stimulation system for post-stroke upper limb rehabilitation. The prototype was tested on five stroke survivors to assess stimulation comfort, the stimulation intensit...

This paper presents research into a user-friendly electronic sleeve (e-sleeve) with integrated electrodes in an array for wearable healthcare. The electrode array was directly printed onto an everyday clothing fabric using screen printing. The fabric...

The recent introduction of frameless devices has enabled stereotactic neurosurgery to reach a level of accuracy that is comparable to traditional frame-based methodologies. Among frameless devices, the Nexframe appears to be very useful in implanting...

This research project focuses on the design and fabrication of a deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode used for Parkinson’s disease. It is a combination of technologies, such as 3D printing injection of polymers and silicones at high and low t...

Muscle-recorded transcranial electrical stimulation motor-evoked potentials (mTc-MEPs) are used to assess the spinal cord integrity. They are commonly recorded with subcutaneous needle or surface electrodes, but the different characteristics of mTc-M...