Oxidative stress is a key factor in the pathological processes that trigger various chronic liver diseases, and significantly contributes to the development of hepatocarcinogenesis. Natural antioxidants reduce oxidative stress by neutralizing free ra...
Diabetes is a global disease that can lead to a range of complications. Currently, the treatment of type 2 diabetes focuses on oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin analogues. Studies have shown that drugs such as oral metformin are useful in the treat...
To overcome cancer, various chemotherapeutic studies are in progress; among these, studies on nano-formulated combinatorial drugs (NFCDs) are being actively pursued. NFCDs function via a fusion technology that includes a drug delivery system using na...
One of the major challenges in harnessing the therapeutic benefits of curcumin (an active ingredient from turmeric) is its poor bioavailability due to its short biological half-life. In this regard, nanoformulations have shown tremendous hope for imp...
Periodontitis is a prevalent oral condition worldwide. Azithromycin, a conventional lipophilic drug for periodontal treatment, often causes systemic side effects when administered orally. To address this, azithromycin-loaded nano-emulgels were develo...
Skin is the largest organ and a multifunctional interface between the body and its environment. It acts as a barrier against cold, heat, injuries, infections, chemicals, radiations or other exogeneous factors, and it is also known as the mirror of th...
Glaucoma is a chronic and progressive optic neuropathy in which sustained intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction remains the main therapeutic objective, while increasing attention is being directed toward neuroprotective strategies and improved ocular...
Background/Objectives: Ivermectin gained widespread attention as the “miracle drug” during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Its inclusion in the 21st World Health Organization (WHO) List of Essential Medicines is attribut...
Current therapies for treating Glioblastoma (GB), and brain tumours in general, are inefficient and represent numerous challenges. In addition to surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are presently used as standards of care. However, trea...
Current trends in the application of nanomaterials are emerging in the nano-biotechnological sector for development of medicines. Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are photosynthetic prokaryotes that have applications to human health and numerous biol...
21 December 2014
The varied composition, size, and shape of nanomaterials (1-100 nm size range) offer numerous exciting possibilities for the devel- opment of new industrial, biomedical, elec- tronic products and have the potential to stim- ulate the global...
Despite recent advancements, effective treatment for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has remained elusive. The overall survival rate in PDAC patients has been dismally low due to resistance to standard therapies. In fact, the failure of monot...
Effective drug delivery in oncology is challenged by a hierarchy of biological barriers—from abnormal vasculature and dense stroma to cellular immunosuppression and specialized interfaces like the blood–brain barrier. This review provides...
Designing and standardizing drug formulations are crucial for ensuring the safety and efficacy of medications. Nanomedicine utilizes nano drug delivery systems and advanced nanodevices to address numerous critical medical challenges. Currently, oral...
Ocular diseases can deteriorate vision to the point of blindness and thus can have a major impact on the daily life of an individual. Conventional therapies are unable to provide absolute therapy for all ocular diseases due to the several limitations...
A chiral analytical methodology was developed by nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC) enabling the enantiomeric separation of two chiral drugs, lacosamide (novel antiepileptic drug) and colchicine (antiuremic drug), commercialized as pure enantiomers...
According to the World Health Organization, Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia were the seventh leading cause of death in 2021. The prevalence of these disorders is predictable to increase with life expectancy, and their control is...
Throughout the United States, cancer remains the second leading cause of death. Traditional treatments induce significant medical toxic effects and unpleasant adverse reactions, making them inappropriate for long-term use. Consequently, anticancer-dr...
Background/Objectives: Spironolactone (SP), an aldosterone inhibitor widely used to treat androgen-dependent disorders such as acne, hirsutism, and alopecia, has demonstrated therapeutic potential in both oral and topical formulations. However, SP&rs...
Oncology and cardiology use paclitaxel, a powerful cell-division inhibitor. Paclitaxel-eluting coated metal stents in oncology prevent tumor growth by modulating proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Paclitaxel-eluting stents reduce in-stent re...
Plant-based medicines have received a lot of attention in recent years. Such medicines have been employed to treat medical conditions since ancient times, and in those times only the observed symptoms were used to determine dose accuracy, dose effica...
Although several viruses can easily infect the central nervous system (CNS), antiviral drugs often show dramatic difficulties in penetrating the brain from the bloodstream since they are substrates of active efflux transporters (AETs). These transpor...
Combretastatins are a class of closely related stilbenes (combretastatins A), dihydrostilbenes (combretastatins B), phenanthrenes (combretastatins C) and macrocyclic lactones (combretastatins D) found in the bark of Combretum caffrum (Eckl. & Zey...
Psoriasis (PSO) is an inflammatory skin condition that causes a variety of diseases and significantly decreases the life characteristics of patients, and substantially diminishes patients’ quality of life. PSO usually impairs the skin and is li...
A proper execution of basic cellular functions requires well-controlled homeostasis including correct protein folding. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) implements such functions by protein reshaping and post-translational modifications. Different insults i...
Intravesical drug delivery is a direct drug delivery approach for the treatment of various bladder diseases. The human urinary bladder has distinctive anatomy, making it an effective barrier against any toxic agent seeking entry into the bloodstream....
Peptides are short sequences of proteins consisting of two or more amino acids that are linked by peptide bonds. Peptide-based designs and drug deliveries can offer several advantages, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihypertensive activities,...
The use of nanomaterials in drug delivery systems for pain treatment is becoming increasingly common. This review aims to summarize how nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems can be used to effectively treat and relieve pain, whether via the delive...
Among respiratory infections, tuberculosis was the second deadliest infectious disease in 2020 behind COVID-19. Inhalable nanocarriers offer the possibility of actively targeting anti-tuberculosis drugs to the lungs, especially to alveolar macrophage...
Cancer is a complex disease that affects millions of people and remains a major public health problem worldwide. Conventional cancer treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy, have limited achievements and multiple...
Infectious diseases constitute an increasing threat to public health and medical systems worldwide. Particularly, the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens has left the pharmaceutical arsenal unarmed to fight against such severe microbial infect...
Antimicrobial resistance represents one of the most formidable global health crises of the 21st century, driven by the diminishing efficacy of conventional antibiotics due to bacterial adaptation and biofilm formation. In response, antimicrobial nano...
Extensive research is currently being conducted into novel ocular drug delivery systems (ODDS) that are capable of surpassing the limitations associated with conventional intraocular anterior and posterior segment treatments. Nanoformulations, includ...
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and excessive oxidative stress, which collectively contribute to a progressive tissue damage and organ dysfunction. Although conventional immunosuppressive and anti-...
Inflammatory diseases, whether caused by excessive stress on certain tissues/parts of the body or arising from infections accompanying autoimmune or secondary diseases, have become a problem, especially in the Western world today. Whether these are i...
Curcumin (Cur), a traditional Chinese medicine extracted from natural plant rhizomes, has become a candidate drug for the treatment of diseases due to its anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. However, the poor wat...
With the development of nanotechnology and confronting the problems of traditional pharmaceutical formulations in treating lung diseases, inhalable nano-formulations have attracted interest. Inhalable nano-formulations for treating lung diseases allo...
Botanical extracts represent a rich and sustainable source of polyphenolic compounds with significant potential in anticancer research. Among these, hesperidin, naringenin, hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, and quercetin have attracted considerable attenti...
Nanoformulations have become increasingly useful as drug delivery technologies in recent decades. As therapeutics, oral administration is the most common delivery method, although it is not always the most effective route because of challenges with s...
Following recovery from the acute infection stage of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19), survivors can experience a wide range of persistent Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), also referred to as long COVID. According to the US National Research Ac...
Alveolar macrophages play a vital role in a variety of lung diseases, including tuberculosis. Thus, alveolar macrophage targeted anti-tubercular drug delivery through nanocarriers could improve its therapeutic response against tuberculosis. The curre...
Phenolic compounds are bioactive phytochemicals showing a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anticancer effects. Moreover, they are associated with fewer side effects compared to...
To enhance the scope of therapeutic interventions using star polymeric nanoparticles of desired concentrations, an understanding of the effect of converting aqueous formulations into stable redispersible dry powders by freeze drying on their physicoc...
Delivering active pharmaceutical agents to disease sites using soft polymeric nanoparticles continues to be a topical area of research. It is becoming increasingly evident that the composition of amphiphilic macromolecules plays a significant role in...
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Pneumonia is considered the most severe and long-term complication of COVID-19. Among other drugs, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was repurposed fo...
Biofilms are complex microbial communities encased within a self-produced extracellular matrix, which plays a critical role in chronic infections and antimicrobial resistance. These enhance pathogen survival and virulence by protecting against host i...
Quercetin (QUE) is a flavonol that has recently received great attention from the research community due to its important pharmacological properties. However, QUE’s low solubility and extended first-pass metabolism limit its oral administration...
Natural compounds are emerging as effective agents for the treatment of malignant diseases. The active constituent of α-mangostin from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana L. has earned significant interest as a plant base compound with anticanc...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where it poses a significant burden. In Latin America, the estimated prevalence of COPD is notably...
Hesperidin, a flavonoid abundantly found in citrus fruits, has demonstrated a substantial role in the management of various pathogeneses. Furthermore, the wide range of health-promoting properties of hesperidin, including antioxidant, anti-inflammato...
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