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Search Results (2,434)

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17 pages, 1600 KB  
Article
Current Dietary Practices in Hereditary Fructose Intolerance: Results from a National Survey Across 15 Italian Metabolic Centres
by Giulia Bruni, Juri Zuvadelli, Silvia Maria Bernabei, Cristina Bonfanti, Barbara Borsani, Alice Dianin, Annalisa Finizii, Aurora Favaro, Sara Giorda, Giorgia Gugelmo, Maria Paola Ierardi, Chiara Luciano, Marta Muscarella, Chiara Pancaldi, Sara Parolisi, Veronica Perico, Valentina Pierattini, Cinzia Pistolesi, Lidia Pontillo, Roberta Pretese, Angela Ira Pozzoli, Sara Quattrini, Alice Re Dionigi, Maria Giulia Regazzi, Alice Rossi, Simona Salera and Martina Tosiadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Nutrients 2026, 18(16), 2609; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18162609 - 10 Aug 2026
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by variants in the ALDOB gene, resulting in aldolase B deficiency. Symptoms occur after the ingestion of fructose, sucrose, or sorbitol, leading to metabolic toxicity. Management is exclusively dietary, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by variants in the ALDOB gene, resulting in aldolase B deficiency. Symptoms occur after the ingestion of fructose, sucrose, or sorbitol, leading to metabolic toxicity. Management is exclusively dietary, but clinical practice remains highly variable. This survey aimed to investigate current Italian dietary management practices for patients with HFI. Methods: A cross-sectional centre-level survey was conducted using a 29-item questionnaire distributed to metabolic dietitians within the Italian Society for the Study of Inherited Metabolic Diseases network between April and May 2026. Results: Data from 27 dietitians across 15 Italian inherited metabolic disease centres were analysed. Over half of the centres (53.3%) provided care for both paediatric and adult patients, and all centres (100%) supplied structured educational materials for the fructose-, sucrose-, and sorbitol-restricted diet. Marked heterogeneity was observed in dietary practices, particularly in the classification of sugars and sweeteners, recommendations for cereal-based products, and fibre supplementation strategies. Cereal-based dietary guidance was provided by 10/15 centres (66.7%), ranging from no specific recommendations (5/15, 33.3%) to a preference for refined grains (7/15, 46.7%) or fibre-based restrictions (2/15, 13.3%). With regard to sugars and sweeteners, consensus was observed only for maltitol and sorbitol, which were classified as prohibited by all centres (15/15, 100%). Mannitol and isomalt were prohibited in 14/15 centres (93.3%). All other compounds showed variable recommendations across centres, including xylitol (prohibited 46.7%, permitted 40.0%), erythritol (permitted 60.0%), and sucralose (prohibited 33.3%, permitted 20.0%, restricted 20.0%, unspecified 26.7%). Vitamin C (100%) and folic acid (86.6%) were the most commonly prescribed supplements. One-third (33%) of the centres required the use of fibre supplements or osmotic laxatives to manage chronic constipation, with wide variability in the specific type of fibre recommended. Conclusions: These findings highlight substantial heterogeneity in dietary management of HFI across specialised Italian centres and support the development of evidence-based, standardised nutritional guidelines to improve the consistency of care, nutritional adequacy, and patient outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Management for Children with Inherited Metabolic Diseases)
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59 pages, 990 KB  
Systematic Review
Is Phenylalanine Restricted Dietary Treatment in Phenylketonuria Associated with Disordered Eating: A Systematic Review
by Sharon Evans, Fatma Ilgaz and Anita MacDonald
Nutrients 2026, 18(15), 2576; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18152576 - 6 Aug 2026
Viewed by 135
Abstract
Background: In phenylketonuria (PKU), the lifelong phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diet may contribute to altered feeding behaviours and disordered eating. The true prevalence of disordered eating and eating disorders remains uncertain, partly because validated PKU-specific assessment tools are lacking. This systematic review aimed to [...] Read more.
Background: In phenylketonuria (PKU), the lifelong phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diet may contribute to altered feeding behaviours and disordered eating. The true prevalence of disordered eating and eating disorders remains uncertain, partly because validated PKU-specific assessment tools are lacking. This systematic review aimed to identify, appraise, and synthesise the evidence on disordered eating and eating disorders in PKU. Methods: Four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane) were searched from inception to 24 February 2026. English-language studies reporting disordered eating or eating disorders in early-diagnosed individuals with PKU managed with a Phe-restricted diet, with or without drug therapy, were included. Studies of late- or never-treated patients, pregnancy, lactation, reviews, and preclinical studies were excluded. Two independent reviewers conducted study selection and data extraction. Outcomes included the prevalence of eating disorders, disordered eating behaviours and attitudes, associated factors, and the influence of drug treatment. Findings were synthesised qualitatively, and risk of bias was assessed using the NIH Study Quality Assessment Tools. Results: Twenty-four studies (2928 individuals with PKU) met the inclusion criteria. Most were observational or survey-based. Eating disorders were reported more frequently in PKU (3–13%) than in the general population (n = 4 studies). Common disordered eating features included food neophobia (n = 5 studies), limited food variety (n = 9), food aversion or refusal (n = 5), poor appetite (n = 5), prolonged mealtimes (n = 3), negative parent–child mealtime interactions (n = 6), and specific taste preferences (n = 5). Delayed feeding skill development (n = 6 studies), reduced social eating (n = 6), gastrointestinal symptoms (n = 8), and psychological or neurodevelopmental difficulties (n = 7) were also associated with disordered eating. Early feeding difficulties frequently persisted into adulthood, and longstanding eating behaviours did not consistently improve with pharmaceutical treatment (n = 6 studies). Most studies were rated as fair quality (19/24), with common limitations including small sample sizes, lack of sample-size justification, non-validated assessment tools, and absence of randomised controlled trials. Conclusions: Current evidence suggests that people with PKU experience a greater burden of eating-related difficulties than the general population, although robust estimates of eating disorder prevalence remain lacking. Existing screening tools may misclassify treatment-related dietary behaviours as pathological or fail to identify PKU-specific eating concerns. Development of PKU-specific screening tools could support routine clinical discussions about eating behaviours and the psychosocial impact of dietary treatment, facilitating earlier identification of individuals requiring specialist eating disorder assessment. (Prospero registration: CRD42024539600). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Practices and Dietary Treatment in Phenylketonuria)
15 pages, 5123 KB  
Article
The Association Between Added Sugars Intake and the Healthy Eating Food Index 2019 Among Canadians: Analyses from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey—Nutrition Public Use Microdata File
by Ye (Flora) Wang, Zhongqi Fan, Sandra Marsden, Chiara DiAngelo, Laura Chiavaroli, Mavra Ahmed and Mei Chung
Nutrients 2026, 18(15), 2570; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18152570 - 6 Aug 2026
Viewed by 170
Abstract
Background/Objectives: There is continuing debate regarding the association between added sugars (AS) consumption and overall diet quality, which remains a research gap within the Canadian population. This study aimed to assess the association between intakes of added sugars and the Healthy Eating Food [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: There is continuing debate regarding the association between added sugars (AS) consumption and overall diet quality, which remains a research gap within the Canadian population. This study aimed to assess the association between intakes of added sugars and the Healthy Eating Food Index (HEFI) 2019 that measures adherence to Canada’s Food Guide as an indicator of diet quality. Methods: The first 24 h dietary recalls of Canadians 2 years and older (n = 19,532) from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey—Nutrition were used. Added sugars intakes were calculated based on a systematic 10-step algorithm. Descriptive statistics were obtained for total HEFI and component scores across different AS intake categories. The association between AS categories and HEFI scores was tested using a generalized linear model adjusted for age, sex, education level, type of smoker, and misreporting status. Results: The association between continuous AS intake and HEFI scores was non-linear. In the categorical model, AS intake categories were inversely associated with HEFI scores among Canadians (R2 = 0.32, p < 0.001). Large overlaps in HEFI scores were observed among individuals with similar AS intakes for the whole population and each age group. Among high AS consumers (>15% EI), lower HEFI scores were largely due to higher proportions of sweetened beverages (i.e., low beverage scores) and lower intakes of vegetables and fruit and plant-based proteins. Scores for protein food and whole grains were low across all AS intake categories. Conclusions: Large variations in overall HEFI scores were observed amongst those with similar AS intakes, suggesting that added sugars alone may not fully capture overall diet quality or adherence to Canada’s Food Guide. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)
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18 pages, 1047 KB  
Review
Potentials and Applications of Microalgae and Spirulina (Cyanobacterium) in Pet Nutrition and Health: A Comprehensive Review with a Special Focus on Euglena gracilis
by Jing Liu, Leshi Li, Yan Yan, Ming Du and Jiangxin Wang
Phycology 2026, 6(3), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/phycology6030087 - 6 Aug 2026
Viewed by 123
Abstract
The pet food industry is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by the growing trend of companion animal humanization and increasing concerns over the environmental sustainability of conventional protein and lipid sources. Consumers now seek diets that not only meet basic nutritional requirements but [...] Read more.
The pet food industry is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by the growing trend of companion animal humanization and increasing concerns over the environmental sustainability of conventional protein and lipid sources. Consumers now seek diets that not only meet basic nutritional requirements but also offer preventive health benefits. Microalgae, including Arthrospira (Spirulina, a kind of cyanobacterium), Chlorella, Schizochytrium, and Euglena gracilis, have emerged as versatile biological platforms capable of addressing both functional and sustainability challenges. These microorganisms produce high-quality proteins, omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (particularly docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), natural pigments, and immunomodulatory polysaccharides. This review synthesizes findings from peer-reviewed studies on the application of microalgae in pet nutrition, covering dogs, cats, and aquatic companion animals. We examine how algal ingredients influence gut microbiota, for instance, by enriching beneficial genera such as Turicibacter and Peptococcus, enhance vaccine responses and mucosal immunity, support cognitive function in aging pets, and contribute to weight management. Particular attention is given to Euglena gracilis and its paramylon (β-1,3-glucan), a pathogen-associated molecular pattern that engages the Dectin-1 pathway to train innate immunity and has demonstrated antiviral activity through host defense mechanisms. The review also surveys the patent landscape, highlighting trends in palatability enhancement, hypoallergenic formulations, and novel delivery formats. Key challenges remain, including ingredient standardization, safety validation, palatability optimization, and consumer acceptance. We outline a translational roadmap that prioritizes well-designed clinical trials in target species and processing methods that preserve bioactivity. Collectively, the evidence positions microalgae, and Euglena gracilis in particular, as promising candidates for next-generation functional pet foods that deliver health benefits alongside ecological sustainability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Algal Molecular Biology and Biotechnology)
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27 pages, 901 KB  
Article
Health and Sustainable Consumption Among Pre-Service Teachers: A Multidimensional Evaluation Using the SHED Index—A Case Study from Croatia
by Ivana Restović, Josipa Jurić, Ela Vuletić and Nives Kević
Sustainability 2026, 18(15), 7780; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18157780 - 1 Aug 2026
Viewed by 246
Abstract
This study explores the behavioral intersection of nutritional health and environmental literacy among pre-service teachers within the national higher education context. Utilizing the Sustainable Healthy Diet Index (SHED Index) for the first time in Croatia, this research systematically examines the dietary habits, lifestyle [...] Read more.
This study explores the behavioral intersection of nutritional health and environmental literacy among pre-service teachers within the national higher education context. Utilizing the Sustainable Healthy Diet Index (SHED Index) for the first time in Croatia, this research systematically examines the dietary habits, lifestyle choices, and socio-cultural patterns of future educators (N = 164) at the University of Split. The survey instrument evaluated the core SHED domains, Healthy Eating (HE) and Sustainable Eating (SE), alongside supplementary indicators monitoring food logistics, hydration, and waste management. Descriptive analysis revealed moderately high standardized overall SHED scores (M = 62.86), aligning with the original normative distribution. Notably, students achieved significantly higher descriptive sub-scores in the HE domain (M = 24.68) than in the SE domain (M = 18.06). Although domestic food consumption and circular recycling practices were well integrated, critical biospheric behaviors—such as reducing animal protein, consuming legumes, purchasing organic food, and composting—remain limited by cultural resistance and municipal infrastructure deficits. Furthermore, an independent t-test indicated no significant differentiation across study levels, highlighting a potential institutional stagnation throughout the five-year teacher education program. Regression analysis demonstrated that sustainable dietary choices appear to be strongly anchored in personal health concerns rather than biospheric altruism, with healthy eating emerging as the single strongest explanatory factor for of sustainable behavior. These findings indicate that to cultivate authentic ecological literacy in the future teaching workforce, higher education curricula require a systemic redesign that explicitly links sustainability to personal well-being through localized, experiential learning. Full article
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21 pages, 449 KB  
Article
Affordability, Health Perceptions, and Fatty Acid Composition: An Integrated Analysis of Nut Consumption Among University Students in Türkiye
by Deniz Çağla Bal, Yasemin Oraman and Okan Gaytancioglu
Sustainability 2026, 18(15), 7662; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18157662 - 28 Jul 2026
Viewed by 286
Abstract
Although nuts are widely recognized as healthy, whether that recognition translates into regular consumption among budget-constrained young adults remains unclear. This study integrated a health-perception survey of 666 university students (aged 18–28) in Türkiye with product-level fatty acid profiling of five commercial nut [...] Read more.
Although nuts are widely recognized as healthy, whether that recognition translates into regular consumption among budget-constrained young adults remains unclear. This study integrated a health-perception survey of 666 university students (aged 18–28) in Türkiye with product-level fatty acid profiling of five commercial nut varieties to address this question. The attitude scale was validated using principal component analysis (PCA), with acceptable sampling adequacy and reliability (KMO = 0.772; Bartlett’s test, p < 0.001; 57.071% total variance explained; Cronbach’s α = 0.785). Gas chromatography confirmed high unsaturated fatty acid contents (80.05–87.72% of total fatty acids), consistent with the nutrient density of nuts. Despite consistently positive health perceptions, only 9.3% of students consumed nuts daily. Consumption frequency was significantly associated with monthly expenditure, which remained the strongest predictor in a multinomial logistic model (likelihood-ratio χ2(12) = 91.88, p < 0.001); health-related attitudes also contributed, whereas measured fatty-acid quality did not. The correspondence between health perceptions and lipid quality was weak and non-significant. Overall, affordability, rather than awareness, emerges as the key barrier to regular nut consumption, positioning affordable nutrient-dense foods as a practical entry point for sustainable healthy diets. Full article
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20 pages, 4115 KB  
Article
From Catering to Clinical Care: An Expert Survey on Designing the Inpatient Psychiatric Meal Concept
by Timur Liwinski, Sandra Nussbaum, Lukas Imfeld, Ulf Wein and Undine Lang
Nutrients 2026, 18(15), 2448; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18152448 - 27 Jul 2026
Viewed by 300
Abstract
Background/Objectives: People with severe mental illness experience high rates of malnutrition and cardiometabolic disease, and hospital food is increasingly regarded as part of clinical care rather than mere catering. Although nutrition is increasingly recognised as a therapeutic component of psychiatric care, little [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: People with severe mental illness experience high rates of malnutrition and cardiometabolic disease, and hospital food is increasingly regarded as part of clinical care rather than mere catering. Although nutrition is increasingly recognised as a therapeutic component of psychiatric care, little is known about how the professionals closest to nutritional care would design an inpatient meal concept. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, anonymous online survey of 26 nutrition professionals working in psychiatric settings in the German-speaking D-A-CH region (Germany, Austria, and Switzerland), who rated the goals, patient needs, dietary forms, meal characteristics, organisational aspects, and barriers relevant to an inpatient meal concept on five-point Likert scales. Free-text responses were analysed thematically. Results: Respondents prioritised eating enjoyment (mean [M] = 4.65) and psychological stability over economic goals, and rated both appetite loss and hyperphagia, together with medication-related metabolic change, as key patient needs. A Mediterranean dietary pattern was clearly the preferred model (M = 4.62), whereas low-carbohydrate options were the least endorsed form (M = 2.65). Interprofessional communication between nursing, kitchen, and dietetics was the highest-rated item overall (M = 4.75), while budget restrictions were seen as the principal barrier. Conclusions: In this small, self-selected expert sample, experts largely converged on a patient-centred, Mediterranean, flexible and choice-based meal concept delivered through strong interprofessional processes, supporting a shift from catering toward nutrition as a therapeutic component of inpatient psychiatry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)
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19 pages, 1102 KB  
Article
Dietary Adequacy and Its Associated Factors Among Adolescents in a Rural District of Sindh
by Tansheet Jawad, Naureen Rehman, Muzna Hashmi, Arjumand Rizvi, Zahra Ali Padhani, Saleema Gulzar, Hira Farooq, Rasool Bux, Imran Ahmed Chauhadry and Jai K. Das
Nutrients 2026, 18(15), 2438; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18152438 - 26 Jul 2026
Viewed by 286
Abstract
Background: Adolescents in low- and middle-income countries face a disproportionate burden of dietary inadequacy, yet evidence on the determinants of overall diet quality remains scarce. This study assessed the prevalence of macro- and micronutrient inadequate intake and identified factors associated with dietary [...] Read more.
Background: Adolescents in low- and middle-income countries face a disproportionate burden of dietary inadequacy, yet evidence on the determinants of overall diet quality remains scarce. This study assessed the prevalence of macro- and micronutrient inadequate intake and identified factors associated with dietary adequacy among adolescents in rural Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adolescents using multistage cluster sampling. Dietary intake was assessed through a single 24-h dietary recall; nutrient adequacy was determined using age-and sex-specific Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) standards, including Estimated Average Requirements (EARs), Adequate Intakes (AIs), Estimated Energy Requirements (EERs), and Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs), as appropriate. Overall dietary adequacy was quantified using the Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR), calculated as the unweighted mean of nutrient adequacy ratios for fourteen nutrients, including protein, fiber, calcium, iron, zinc, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamins A, B6, C, D, E, and folate, scaled from 0 to 100. Multivariable linear regression incorporating survey weights and clustering was used to identify independent predictors of MAR using STATA. Results: A total of 1132 adolescents were included. Most of the energy was derived from carbohydrates, and a high proportion of adolescents had energy intakes below age- and sex-specific Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) values, while very high levels of inadequacies were observed for protein, fiber, calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin A. The mean MAR score was 54.04 ± 16.51, indicating overall poor dietary adequacy. In multivariable analysis, male sex (β = 3.26; 95% CI: 1.76, 4.75), belonging to the richest wealth quintile (β = 5.81; 95% CI: 1.76, 9.86), always eating between meals (β = 6.70; 95% CI: 3.93, 9.47), and use of bar soap for handwashing (β = 4.97; 95% CI: 2.00, 7.94) were significantly associated with higher dietary adequacy. Adolescents who were underweight (β = −2.40; 95% CI: −4.81, −0.11) and those with moderate physical activity levels (β = −3.96; 95% CI: −7.62, −0.29) had significantly lower dietary adequacy scores. Conclusions: Dietary inadequacy among rural adolescents in Pakistan was highly prevalent and was associated with socioeconomic, behavioral, and nutritional factors. These findings highlight the need for interventions that address food insecurity, promote equitable food distribution, and strengthen nutrition education to support adolescent health and nutrition. However, these findings should be interpreted in light of the cross-sectional design and the use of a single 24-h dietary recall, which may not reflect habitual dietary intake. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)
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16 pages, 6496 KB  
Article
Dietary Acid Load Across Vegans, Lacto-Ovo-Vegetarians, Fish-Eaters, and Meat-Eaters, and Its Association with Body Mass Index: A Secondary Analysis from an Italian Survey (The INVITA Study)
by Luciana Baroni, Davide Catania, Chiara Bonetto, Alexey V. Galchenko, Giada Guidi and Nicola de Bortoli
Foods 2026, 15(15), 2613; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15152613 - 26 Jul 2026
Viewed by 468
Abstract
Diet represents a key determinant of the body’s acid–base balance because foods are metabolized into non-volatile acids or bases. An increase in dietary acid load can elicit low-grade metabolic acidosis, which has been associated with systemic inflammation and the risk of adverse cardiometabolic [...] Read more.
Diet represents a key determinant of the body’s acid–base balance because foods are metabolized into non-volatile acids or bases. An increase in dietary acid load can elicit low-grade metabolic acidosis, which has been associated with systemic inflammation and the risk of adverse cardiometabolic conditions, including obesity. Potential renal acid load (PRAL) and Net Endogenous Acid Production (NEAP) represent the major markers of dietary acid load. The aim of this secondary analysis was to compare the acid load of four different diets and investigate its association with Body Mass Index (BMI) in a sample of the general population. In an online survey, the INVITA study, four dietary patterns (meat-eaters, fish-eaters, lacto-ovo-vegetarians, and vegans) were compared for their corresponding PRAL and NEAP values, and the associations of both parameters with BMI were evaluated. Multiple linear regression models were progressively adjusted for dietary pattern, energy intake, age, sex, physical activity, smoking status, and education level. The stepwise decrease in animal food consumption across the four dietary patterns was associated with a progressive reduction in dietary acid load, with vegan participants showing the lowest values. While PRAL did not prove consistently associated with BMI in this cohort, NEAP remained significantly associated with BMI even after full adjustment for lifestyle confounders (β = 0.032, p = 0.00013). However, because NEAP includes an anthropometric component based on body surface area, this association should be interpreted cautiously, as it may partly reflect mathematical coupling rather than a purely diet-derived effect. PRAL should be considered the more diet-specific marker, while NEAP represents a composite index combining dietary acid load and anthropometric scaling. Because PRAL and NEAP do not account for protein origin, future studies should assess whether diet-specific reference ranges could improve their comparisons for dietary patterns including mostly or exclusively plant protein. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Food Nutrition)
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13 pages, 1996 KB  
Article
Factors Associated with Physiotherapy Use in the Brazilian Stroke Population—Theoretical Analysis Based on Andersen’s Model: An Observational Study
by Luana Castro Silva, Ramon Viana, Renata Jucá, Johnnatas Lopes, Christina Faria, Shamyr Sulyvan de Castro and Lidiane Lima
Disabilities 2026, 6(4), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/disabilities6040066 - 24 Jul 2026
Viewed by 189
Abstract
Background: Given the high likelihood of disability and need for rehabilitation after a stroke, identifying the factors associated with the use of physiotherapy services may support actions to improve access to such services. Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Health Service helps to explain [...] Read more.
Background: Given the high likelihood of disability and need for rehabilitation after a stroke, identifying the factors associated with the use of physiotherapy services may support actions to improve access to such services. Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Health Service helps to explain determinants of health service use. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with using physiotherapy services after a stroke in Brazil based on Andersen’s model. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based study using data from the 2019 National Health Survey. A total of 1974 adults with self-reported stroke were included. Twenty-two variables selected according to Andersen’s model were investigated. Variables associated with physiotherapy use in univariate analyses (p < 0.20) were included in logistic regression models. Analyses accounted for the complex sampling design and were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0. Results: The study included 1974 individuals with stroke, with a mean age of 63.8 years (SD = 14.9), of whom 53.2% were women. The population characteristics indicated that individuals reporting limitations in their activities and stopped performing their usual tasks were 1.6 times more likely to use physiotherapy services [OR 1.6 (95%CI 1.1–2.1)]. The health behavior component revealed that self-care actions such as following a diet [OR 2.2 (95%CI 1.6–3.0)], regular use of aspirin [OR 1.3 (95%CI 1.0–1.9)], other medications [OR 2.3 (95%CI 1.6–3.2)], and use of other rehabilitation services [OR 8.1 (95%CI 5.7–11.3)] were significantly associated with using physiotherapy services. Conclusions: Stopping usual activities, following a diet, regular medication use, and other rehabilitation therapies are associated with physiotherapy use after stroke. These findings may support the development of strategies aimed at improving equitable access to rehabilitation services among stroke survivors. Full article
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21 pages, 510 KB  
Article
Pre-Weaned Calf Rearing on Northern Irish Dairy Farms: Part 3—The Impact of Environmental Factors on Calf Performance
by Aaron J. Brown, Gillian Scoley, Niamh O’Connell, Alan Gordon and Steven Morrison
Animals 2026, 16(15), 2297; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16152297 - 24 Jul 2026
Viewed by 467
Abstract
Nutrition, healthcare and management of the rearing environment all interact and have an impact on the performance and feed efficiency of pre-weaned dairy calves. In a survey of 54 dairy farms in Northern Ireland, average daily gain (ADG) of 369 pre-weaned calves was [...] Read more.
Nutrition, healthcare and management of the rearing environment all interact and have an impact on the performance and feed efficiency of pre-weaned dairy calves. In a survey of 54 dairy farms in Northern Ireland, average daily gain (ADG) of 369 pre-weaned calves was assessed. Dietary and nutritional information detailing intake of milk or calf milk replacer (CMR) and the composition of milk/CMR and solid feed diets was collected. Environmental and hygiene-related parameters within calf rearing facilities were recorded. It was hypothesised that suboptimal environmental management conditions would negatively affect calf performance and cause the observed average daily gain and retained energy to fall below values predicted from nutritional intake alone. Factors that tended to be negatively associated with the observed calf ADG were increased time (>50%) below lower critical temperature (LCT), increased time (>10%) above 0.4 m/s airspeed and reduced straw dry matter (<70%). Potential calf ADG was predicted using the young calf model from the Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle (8th Edition). The predicted and observed calf ADG and retained energy (RE) were compared to assess whether the individual observed calf ADG was greater, equal to or less than that predicted by the model. Environmental factors associated with calf ADG or RE being less than the model prediction included: greater than 30 animals housed in the calf house, increased time (>10%) above 0.4 m/s airspeed and where coliforms were detected in ≤50% of milk samples on that farm. These results demonstrate the relevance of management of the rearing environment in optimising pre-weaned calf performance and feed efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Farm Animal Feed and Nutrition)
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21 pages, 1078 KB  
Article
Nutritional Risk Profiles and Poor Self-Perceived Oral Health in Hungarian Adults: A Population-Based Study with Monte Carlo Population-Attributable Fraction Estimation
by Amr Sayed Ghanem, Battamir Ulambayar, Róbert Bata, Marianna Móré, Renáta Jávorné Erdei and Attila Csaba Nagy
Nutrients 2026, 18(15), 2408; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18152408 - 23 Jul 2026
Viewed by 226
Abstract
Background: Oral diseases remain a major public health challenge globally and in Hungary, where untreated caries, periodontal disease, and edentulism are highly prevalent. Diet is a key modifiable determinant of oral health, yet the cumulative impact of multiple unfavorable nutritional behaviors on self-perceived [...] Read more.
Background: Oral diseases remain a major public health challenge globally and in Hungary, where untreated caries, periodontal disease, and edentulism are highly prevalent. Diet is a key modifiable determinant of oral health, yet the cumulative impact of multiple unfavorable nutritional behaviors on self-perceived oral health has not been assessed at the national level in Hungary, nor have population-attributable fraction (PAF) estimates been reported. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 5146 adults in the 2019 Hungarian European Health Interview Survey. A six-component nutritional-risk score was constructed from self-reported dietary behaviors (fruit intake, vegetable intake, sugary soft drink consumption, sweets consumption, processed meat consumption, and water intake). Survey-weighted logistic regression estimated associations between nutritional-risk categories and poor self-perceived oral health, adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related covariates. Counterfactual PAFs with 95% Monte Carlo uncertainty intervals (1000 bootstrap replications) were estimated for three nutritional-risk scenarios. Results: The weighted prevalence of poor self-perceived oral health was 19.2%. Compared with participants with 0–1 unfavorable nutritional factors, those with 3 factors (OR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.09–1.73) and 4–6 factors (OR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.15–1.85) had significantly higher odds of poor oral health. Low water intake was independently associated with poor oral health (OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.16–1.64). The main counterfactual PAF analysis estimated that 16.1% (Monte Carlo 95% UI: 5.93–26.48%) of poor oral health burden was attributable to unfavorable nutritional profiles. High nutritional risk was also associated with active caries, gum bleeding, and tooth loss. Conclusions: Cumulative nutritional risk is independently associated with poor self-perceived oral health in Hungarian adults. Integrating dietary improvements into oral health prevention strategies may substantially reduce the population-level burden of oral disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Oral Health (2nd Edition))
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15 pages, 332 KB  
Article
Metabolic and Lifestyle Profiles of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Romanian and Italian Adults
by Naomi-Adina Ciurea, Harshitha Shanmugam, Cristina Monica Pantea, Paul Grama, Irina-Bianca Kosovski, Simona Bataga, Agostino Di Ciaula and Piero Portincasa
Medicina 2026, 62(7), 1403; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina62071403 - 20 Jul 2026
Viewed by 337
Abstract
Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents the hepatic manifestation of systemic metabolic dysfunction and has become one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. Although obesity is a major determinant of MASLD, the metabolic and lifestyle context in [...] Read more.
Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents the hepatic manifestation of systemic metabolic dysfunction and has become one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. Although obesity is a major determinant of MASLD, the metabolic and lifestyle context in which the disease develops may vary across different geographical and dietary environments. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of MASLD among adults with metabolic dysfunction from two European cohorts, to compare the clinical, metabolic, lifestyle, and psychological characteristics of participants with MASLD from Romania and Italy, and to explore differences according to MASLD status within each cohort. In addition, intestinal permeability was exploratorily assessed in a subgroup of the Italian cohort. Methods: This prospective multicentre observational study included 132 adults undergoing metabolic and hepatic evaluation in Romania (n = 52) and Italy (n = 80). Hepatic steatosis was assessed using SteatoTest in the Romanian cohort and ultrasonography in the Italian cohort. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were recorded in all participants. Dietary quality was evaluated using the MEDI-LITE questionnaire, physical activity using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and health-related quality of life using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Intestinal permeability was evaluated in the Italian cohort using the lactulose/mannitol absorption test. Results: MASLD was identified in 80.8% of participants from the Romanian cohort and in 66.3% of participants from the Italian cohort. Among patients with MASLD, Italian participants exhibited significantly higher body mass index, waist circumference, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and diastolic blood pressure compared with Romanian participants, whereas HDL cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the Romanian cohort. Sex-stratified analyses revealed significant sex-related differences in anthropometric and metabolic parameters within both cohorts. In both geographical populations, participants with MASLD demonstrated lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet, lower physical activity levels, higher depressive symptom burden, and less favorable quality-of-life indicators compared with participants without MASLD. Exploratory analyses of intestinal permeability in the Italian cohort did not reveal significant differences according to MASLD or obesity status. Conclusions: MASLD was highly prevalent in both Romanian and Italian adults with metabolic dysfunction. Patients with MASLD exhibited distinct metabolic and lifestyle profiles across the two geographical cohorts, supporting the potential contribution of environmental and lifestyle-related factors to MASLD heterogeneity. Lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet, reduced physical activity, and increased psychological burden were consistently associated with MASLD in both populations. Exploratory intestinal permeability analyses did not demonstrate significant differences according to MASLD or obesity status in the Italian cohort. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Gastroenterology & Hepatology)
14 pages, 3056 KB  
Article
An Exploratory Indirect Association Analysis of Dietary Supplement Use and Metabolic Risk in Korean Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Jeoungmi Kim and Vasuki Rajaguru
Foods 2026, 15(14), 2554; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15142554 - 20 Jul 2026
Viewed by 332
Abstract
Aims: Dietary supplement use has increased among adolescents, but its association with metabolic health remains unclear. This study examined the relationship between dietary supplement use, diet quality, obesity, and metabolic risk among Korean adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study used nationally representative KNHANES 2022–2024 [...] Read more.
Aims: Dietary supplement use has increased among adolescents, but its association with metabolic health remains unclear. This study examined the relationship between dietary supplement use, diet quality, obesity, and metabolic risk among Korean adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study used nationally representative KNHANES 2022–2024 data. A total of 1550 adolescents aged 10–18 years were included. Dietary supplement use during the previous year was assessed by questionnaire. Diet quality was evaluated using diet quality score based on selected dietary guideline-related components. Survey-weighted logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted after adjustment for demographic and dietary covariates. An exploratory indirect association analysis was performed to examine whether diet quality was statistically associated with the relationship between supplement use and metabolic risk clustering. Results: Overall, 43.1% of adolescents reported dietary supplement use. Supplement users had significantly better diet quality scores than non-users (β = 0.30, p < 0.001). Dietary supplement use was significantly associated with BMI (p = 0.011) and waist circumference (p = 0.010), but not with metabolic risk clustering (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.67–1.24), fasting glucose, triglycerides, or HDL-cholesterol levels. Obesity was strongly associated with metabolic risk clustering regardless of supplement use. Compared with non-obese non-users, obese non-users (OR = 5.31, 95% CI: 3.22–8.78) and obese supplement users (OR = 3.68, 95% CI: 2.07–6.53) had significantly higher odds of metabolic risk clustering. Exploratory indirect association analysis showed that diet quality did not significantly mediate the association between dietary supplement use. Conclusions: Dietary supplement use was associated with better diet quality and favorable anthropometric indicators, but not with metabolic risk clustering or biochemical metabolic markers. These findings suggest that supplement use may reflect broader health-related behaviors rather than direct metabolic protection among Korean adolescents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutraceuticals, Functional Foods, and Novel Foods)
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15 pages, 392 KB  
Article
Educational Needs Analysis for Enhancing Cancer Survivor Nursing Care of Community Nurses
by Eun-Jung Bae
Healthcare 2026, 14(14), 2169; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14142169 - 18 Jul 2026
Viewed by 625
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The support of healthcare professionals can affect the improvement of cancer survivors’ self-management ability. Community nurses in charge of primary health care can play a positive role in the management of cancer survivors because they meet with cancer survivors in various [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The support of healthcare professionals can affect the improvement of cancer survivors’ self-management ability. Community nurses in charge of primary health care can play a positive role in the management of cancer survivors because they meet with cancer survivors in various areas and have basic knowledge of oncology. This study aimed to assess the educational needs and analyze the priorities of a cancer survivor nursing care education program for community nurses. Methods: An online survey was conducted on 164 nurses working in public health centers in South Korea from 5 February to 24 February 2024. A 25-item questionnaire was used to measure community nurses’ perceived knowledge and perceived importance of cancer survivor care. The educational needs analysis was conducted using the Borich needs assessment and the Locus for Focus model. Results: The highest priority content areas were as follows: economic support and related insurance systems, second primary cancer screening, physical rehabilitation after cancer treatment, diet and nutrition, complications of cancer treatment, returning to work, physical and mental problems of a cancer patient’s family, and providing training materials and information on cancer. Conclusions: The results suggest that community nurses’ educational needs extend beyond direct clinical care to include care coordination and resource-linkage roles. Because these priorities were based on nurses’ perceived educational needs rather than needs grounded in clinical practice, future educational programs should be developed to address these needs while also strengthening community nurses’ clinical reasoning competencies. Full article
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