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Search Results (514)

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11 pages, 398 KiB  
Perspective
Implications of Metabolic Bariatric Surgery on Reproductive Health
by Amihai Rottenstreich and Yitka Graham
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(15), 5446; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14155446 - 2 Aug 2025
Viewed by 224
Abstract
In the last two decades, metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) has become the mainstay of treatment for severe and complex obesity. The majority of patients undergoing MBS are women of childbearing age. Coupled with the dramatic increase in the utilization of MBS, caregivers [...] Read more.
In the last two decades, metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) has become the mainstay of treatment for severe and complex obesity. The majority of patients undergoing MBS are women of childbearing age. Coupled with the dramatic increase in the utilization of MBS, caregivers are likely to encounter patients who have undergone MBS in routine practice. From this perspective, we highlight the different reproductive health challenges and issues encountered throughout the pre-operative, peri-operative, and postoperative phases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Obstetrics & Gynecology)
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14 pages, 1623 KiB  
Review
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in Neonates, Infants, and Toddlers
by Efstathios Beys-Kamnarokos and Ioannis Mavridis
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(14), 5084; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14145084 - 17 Jul 2025
Viewed by 387
Abstract
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) with (IIHWP) and without papilledema (IIHWOP) is characterized by increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure and no evident cause, mostly affecting obese women of childbearing age and possibly leading to vision loss. However, in neonates, infants, and toddlers, these conditions [...] Read more.
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) with (IIHWP) and without papilledema (IIHWOP) is characterized by increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure and no evident cause, mostly affecting obese women of childbearing age and possibly leading to vision loss. However, in neonates, infants, and toddlers, these conditions remain understudied entities. This review investigates clinical features, risk factors, treatments, and outcomes to inform their care. From 2278 publications found in PubMed, 2974 in Scopus, and 1684 in the Web of Science Core Collection, 104 relevant articles were analyzed. Among 300 cases, 48.3% were male and 26.0% female, with 43.0% meeting the modified Dandy criteria. Typical signs and symptoms, besides papilledema (23.0%) or its absence (49.0%), included bulging fontanelle (67.7%), irritability (34.3%), vomiting (33.0%), and fever (18.3%). The most triggering factors were medications (35.3%) and infections (15.0%). The mean CSF opening pressure was 35.1 cm H2O, ranging from 9.5 to 77 cm H2O. Main treatment options were lumbar punctures (72.7%), discontinuation of triggering medications (26.3%), acetazolamide (18.7%), and corticosteroids (7.7%); 3.0% required shunting. Unlike in adults, males were more commonly affected, and papilledema was less frequent. Most cases resolved with conservative treatment. A nosological distinction between IIHWP and IIHWOP seems unlikely. Considering our findings and age-specific CSF pressure limits, new diagnostic criteria are proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Clinical Pediatrics)
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23 pages, 423 KiB  
Article
Sex Disparities and Female Reproductive and Hormonal Factors Associated with Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Cohort
by Verena A. Katzke, Srimanti Dutta, Anna Rasokat, Livia Archibugi, Gabriele Capurso, Giulia Peduzzi, Manuel Gentiluomo, Federico Canzian, Anne Kirstine Eriksen, Anne Tjønneland, Christina C. Dahm, Therese Truong, Marianne Canonico, Nasser Laouali, Matthias B. Schulze, Rosario Tumino, Giovanna Masala, Claudia Agnoli, Lucia Dansero, Salvatore Panico, Marta Crous-Bou, Esther Molina-Montes, Ane Dorronsoro, María-Dolores Chirlaque, Marcela Guevara, Salma Tunå Butt, Malin Sund, Sofia Christakoudi, Elom K. Aglago, Elisabete Weiderpass, Marc Gunter, Daniele Campa and Rudolf Kaaksadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Cancers 2025, 17(14), 2275; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17142275 - 8 Jul 2025
Viewed by 516
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Worldwide, men experience a higher incidence of pancreatic cancer (PC) than women. Methods: To increase understanding of the underlying reasons for this sex-related difference, we analysed general and sex-related risk factors for PC in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Worldwide, men experience a higher incidence of pancreatic cancer (PC) than women. Methods: To increase understanding of the underlying reasons for this sex-related difference, we analysed general and sex-related risk factors for PC in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort (women/men No. = 293,682/136,728; 717/577 PC-cases). Results: Cox proportional hazards models showed a 1.31-fold higher risk of developing PC for men compared to women (HR, 95% CI 1.15–1.49) after adjustment for age, smoking history, BMI, diabetes, and alcohol consumption. Associations of PC with established risk factors did not differ between men and women, with the exception of a greater risk of PC among women with greater attained body height, meat consumption and cigarettes smoked (1.12 (1.05–1.19) per 5 cm, 1.18 (1.02–1.36) per 100 g/d, 1.42 (1.27–1.59) per 10/d; respectively). Among child-bearing women, long cumulative duration of breastfeeding was inversely associated with risk of PC (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.61–0.89) for >5.7 months of breastfeeding (median) relative to ≤5.7 months and among HRT users, cumulative duration of HRT use was inversely associated with PC risk (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.53–0.95, >2.4 versus ≤2.4 years). Further reproductive and hormonal factors, such as age at menarche, number of full-term pregnancies, age at menopause, or use of oral contraceptives, were not significantly associated with PC risk. Conclusions: Pooled analyses of large cohort studies are needed to confirm these results, and detailed data on the type and intensity of HRT are required to better evaluate its effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention)
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18 pages, 849 KiB  
Article
Seroprevalence of Measles-, Mumps-, and Rubella-Specific Antibodies in Future Healthcare Workers in Serbia: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Ana Banko, Andja Cirkovic, Vladimir Petrovic, Mioljub Ristic, Vladimir Vukovic, Dobrila Stankovic-Djordjevic and Danijela Miljanovic
Vaccines 2025, 13(7), 700; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13070700 - 27 Jun 2025
Viewed by 560
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) continue to pose a significant public health challenge due to insufficient immunization coverage. This study aimed to provide the first seroprevalence data against MMR and to explore self-reported immunity among future healthcare workers (HCWs) in Serbia, including [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) continue to pose a significant public health challenge due to insufficient immunization coverage. This study aimed to provide the first seroprevalence data against MMR and to explore self-reported immunity among future healthcare workers (HCWs) in Serbia, including women of childbearing age. Methods: We included 1296 future health care workers (HCWs) aged 19 to 29, born in Serbia. All HCWs supplied a blood sample for serology and filled in a questionnaire. Antibodies were measured using an enzyme immunoassay against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR). Results: Anti-measles, -mumps, and -rubella seronegativity rates were 25.6%, 26.5%, and 4.4%, respectively, among future HCWs in Serbia. The mumps seronegativity rate was significantly higher in the oldest (27–29-year) age group, accompanied by significantly lower anti-mumps IgG GMCs in the same age group compared to younger participants (p = 0.035 and p < 0.001, respectively). Anti-mumps seronegativity also increased significantly across birth cohorts, from the youngest to the oldest (p = 0.004). Furthermore, anti-mumps IgG antibody GMCs were significantly higher among females, those who attended nursery/kindergarten, and unvaccinated individuals (p = 0.050, p = 0.020, and p = 0.005, respectively). Finally, older age and unvaccinated status were identified as independent factors associated with anti-measles and anti-mumps seronegativity among future HCWs in Serbia. Conclusions: The cross-sectional seroprevalence data revealed insufficient seroprotection in this population of particular importance, i.e., future HCWs, and women of childbearing age. These results strongly support the national recommendations for the mandatory vaccination of these populations. Identified immunity gaps should be closed promptly by strategic, targeted serologic screening, followed by vaccination of those lacking MMR antibodies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccines and Immunization: Measles, Mumps, and Rubella)
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16 pages, 267 KiB  
Review
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms in Pregnancy: A Narrative Review of Clinical Challenges and Therapeutic Limitations in the Absence of Established Safe Treatments
by Mauro Daniel Spina Donadio, Maria Cecília Mathias-Machado, Danielly Scaranello Nunes Santana and Renata D’Alpino Peixoto
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(7), 272; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15070272 - 25 Jun 2025
Viewed by 371
Abstract
Cancer during pregnancy is a rare but complex clinical scenario that affects approximately 0.1% of pregnant individuals and is associated with increased maternal morbidity. With the trend of delayed childbearing, the incidence of pregnancy-associated cancers is expected to rise. Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), although [...] Read more.
Cancer during pregnancy is a rare but complex clinical scenario that affects approximately 0.1% of pregnant individuals and is associated with increased maternal morbidity. With the trend of delayed childbearing, the incidence of pregnancy-associated cancers is expected to rise. Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), although rare in pregnancy, present unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to their hormonal activity, histological diversity, and limited data on management in the gestational context. Objectives: This manuscript reviews the current evidence on the diagnosis, staging, and management of NENs during pregnancy, focusing on maternal–fetal safety, therapeutic limitations, and multidisciplinary care strategies. Methods: A comprehensive narrative review was conducted using relevant case reports, retrospective studies, clinical guidelines, and expert consensus documents addressing cancer in pregnancy and NEN-specific management. Results: Pregnancy complicates the evaluation and treatment of NENs due to overlapping symptoms, contraindications to standard imaging and systemic therapies, and unreliable biomarkers such as chromogranin A and 5-HIAA. Most systemic therapies for NENs, including somatostatin analogs, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, are contraindicated or lack safety data in pregnancy. Surgical interventions and supportive care require careful planning. Decisions regarding pregnancy continuation or termination must be individualized and supported by a multidisciplinary team. Conclusions: The management of NENs during pregnancy demands a highly individualized approach, coordinated among oncology, maternal–fetal medicine, and supportive care teams. Given the paucity of robust data, future research is essential to establish evidence-based guidelines and improve outcomes for both mother and fetus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Evidence Based Medicine)
13 pages, 286 KiB  
Article
A Bayesian Logistic Regression Approach to Investigating the Determinants Associated with Never Having Been Screened for Cervical Cancer Amongst Child-Bearing-Age Women in Jordan
by Sizwe Vincent Mbona, Anisha Ananth and Retius Chifurira
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(7), 1000; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22071000 - 25 Jun 2025
Viewed by 724
Abstract
Cervical cancer continues to be a major global public health problem, with 661,021 estimated new cases and 348,189 deaths reported in 2022. Approximately 53% of women in Jordan reported not being screened for CC in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the [...] Read more.
Cervical cancer continues to be a major global public health problem, with 661,021 estimated new cases and 348,189 deaths reported in 2022. Approximately 53% of women in Jordan reported not being screened for CC in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the determinants associated with not being screened for CC amongst Jordanian women of child-bearing age. This was a cross-sectional study derived from the 2023 Jordanian Demographic Health Survey (JDHS) with 12,580 women aged 15–49 years. The study employed a non-informative Bayesian binary logistic regression approach to identify the factors that are associated with not being screened for CC. Results showed that the prevalence of not being screened for CC was 83.8% (95% CI: 83.3–84.3). The determinants identified in this study were women’s age group (OR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.34–0.62), education level (OR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.34–0.91), smoking status (OR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.63–0.91), women’s nationality (OR = 4.30; 95% CI: 1.03–27.74), breastfeeding status (OR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.31–2.07), wealth index (OR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.53–0.71), self-reported health status (OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.64–0.87), marital status (OR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.08–1.96), and HIV testing status (OR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.40–0.75). The prevalence of not being screened for CC amongst Jordanian women of child-bearing age was found to be very high: a red flag for attention. There is a need for interventions such as community awareness campaigns and education programmes focusing on women younger than 25 years, especially women living in rural and underserved areas. Additionally, incorporating policy interventions into public health facilities and having easy accessibility to tools or screening tests may improve rates of CC screening, and thus reduce the prevalence of CC. Full article
19 pages, 446 KiB  
Article
Exploring Non-Motherhood: Analysis of Perceived Factors in Feminist Women, Mothers, and Non-Mothers
by Rosa María Mañas Migal, Montserrat Monserrat Hernández and Ángeles Arjona Garrido
Sexes 2025, 6(2), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/sexes6020029 - 10 Jun 2025
Viewed by 415
Abstract
Questioning motherhood as a social mandate has been one of the main objectives of feminism. Motherhood has traditionally been linked to the idea of femininity and the reproductive function, which has led to women being thought of as “compulsory mothers”. However, this idea [...] Read more.
Questioning motherhood as a social mandate has been one of the main objectives of feminism. Motherhood has traditionally been linked to the idea of femininity and the reproductive function, which has led to women being thought of as “compulsory mothers”. However, this idea is currently changing, despite the fact that judgment is exercised on non-mothers. This research is part of a cross-sectional descriptive study, whose objective is to analyze the barriers and incentives to childbearing in the female population. A questionnaire was designed and administered to a representative sample of 318 women who were selected for our analysis, with a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 5%. Results: Economic motives correlate positively with other variables, as well as work motives, the couple’s decision to not want to have children, and not having a stable partner, which suggests that these women have different motives for choosing not to have children. The main conclusions are that social and family pressures appear to have a limited impact on the decision not to have children, suggesting a change in social norms and expectations about the role of women in society, as women continue to gain autonomy and control over their reproductive decisions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Gender Studies)
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32 pages, 5488 KiB  
Article
Persistent Transcriptome Alterations in Zebrafish Embryos After Discontinued Opioid Exposure
by Ryan J. North, Gwendolyn Cooper, Lucas Mears, Brian Bothner, Mensur Dlakić and Christa S. Merzdorf
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(10), 4840; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104840 - 19 May 2025
Viewed by 627
Abstract
Much attention has been paid to the public health crisis that has resulted from the opioid epidemic. Given the high number of opioid users that are of childbearing age, the impact of utero exposure is a serious concern. Unfortunately, there is little knowledge [...] Read more.
Much attention has been paid to the public health crisis that has resulted from the opioid epidemic. Given the high number of opioid users that are of childbearing age, the impact of utero exposure is a serious concern. Unfortunately, there is little knowledge regarding the consequences of opioid exposure during early development. While neurobehavioral effects of opioid exposure are well-documented, effects of exposure on embryogenesis remain largely unexplored. To address this gap in knowledge, we investigated the effects of oxycodone and fentanyl exposure on gene expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos using whole embryo RNA sequencing. Embryos were exposed to environmentally relevant (oxycodone HCl 10.6 ng/L and fentanyl citrate 0.629 ng/L) and therapeutically relevant doses (oxycodone HCl 35.14 μg/L and fentanyl citrate 3.14 μg/L) from 2 to 24 h post-fertilization (hpf), followed by another 24 h of opioid-free development. mRNA profiling at 48 hpf revealed dose- and drug-specific gene expression changes. Lower doses of oxycodone and fentanyl both induced more differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) than higher doses, potentially indicative of opioid receptor desensitization occurring at higher concentrations. In total, 892 DETs (corresponding to 866 genes) were identified across all conditions suggesting continued differential gene expression well after cessation of opioid exposure. Gene ontology analysis revealed changes in gene expression relating to extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, cell adhesion, and visual and nervous system formation. Key pathways include those involved in axon guidance, synapse formation, and ECM biosynthesis/remodeling, all of which have potential implications on neural connectivity and sensory development. These findings demonstrate that very early developmental exposure to opioids induces persistent transcriptomic changes which may have lasting implications for vertebrate cellular functions. Overall, these data provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of opioid-induced alterations during development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Zebrafish Model in Animal and Human Health Research, 2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 452 KiB  
Article
Why Has China’s Fertility Rate Plummeted in the Past Decade? An Investigation of Fertility Intentions and Influencing Factors Among Single, Unmarried Women of Childbearing Age in China
by Yantong Zhou and Ying Bian
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 293; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050293 - 10 May 2025
Viewed by 1341
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Currently, the type of population reproduction in China has changed to “low birth, low death, low growth”. Additionally, as the number of single people has increased and the number of women of childbearing age has decreased, the growth of the total [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Currently, the type of population reproduction in China has changed to “low birth, low death, low growth”. Additionally, as the number of single people has increased and the number of women of childbearing age has decreased, the growth of the total population was bound to show a negative trend. Therefore, this study aimed to understand what factors influence fertility intentions from the perspective of single, unmarried women. Methods: We designed our own online questionnaire and collected information on fertility intentions from single, unmarried women of childbearing age (18–49 years). A total of 741 questionnaires were collected, with a valid response rate of 92.6%, and the Theory of Planned Behavior model was integrated into the questionnaire survey. Statistical analysis was performed via SPSS 24.0, and AMOS 24.0 software’s analysis of variance was used to determine whether there were differences in attitudes towards fertility intentions among respondents. Structural equation models were constructed via AMOS software for validation factor analysis and path analysis. Results: There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in “monthly income”, “net family income”, “health status”, and “only-child status”. Structural equation modelling revealed that fertility attitudes (β1 = 0.301, p < 0.05), subjective norms (β2 = 0.295, p < 0.05), and perceived behavioural control (β3 = 0.146, p < 0.05) positively influence fertility intentions. Conclusions: The fertility intentions of single, unmarried women of childbearing age in China are influenced by many factors. Therefore, society should pay more attention to the rights and interests of single, unmarried women and provide a better social environment for childbearing; in addition, it is possible to appropriately relax the fertility policy of single births to improve the low fertility rate in China. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Family Studies)
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11 pages, 563 KiB  
Article
A Regional Experience of Adult Granulosa Cell Tumours: A Retrospective Analysis
by Joanne Moffatt, Jo Morrison, Srividya Sundararajan, Rebecca Newhouse, Laura Atherton, Jonathan Frost, Philip Rolland, Kirsty Milford, Katharine Edey, Jane Borley, Amy Sanders, Axel Walther and Claire Newton
Onco 2025, 5(2), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/onco5020020 - 1 May 2025
Viewed by 586
Abstract
Background: Adult granulosa cell tumours (AGCT) of the ovary account for 2–5% of ovarian tumours, with 30% occurring in women of childbearing age. Despite a good prognosis, up to 25% recur. There is a paucity of high-quality evidence to guide management. Objective: To [...] Read more.
Background: Adult granulosa cell tumours (AGCT) of the ovary account for 2–5% of ovarian tumours, with 30% occurring in women of childbearing age. Despite a good prognosis, up to 25% recur. There is a paucity of high-quality evidence to guide management. Objective: To describe management of AGCT across multiple gynaecological cancer centres. Methods: Retrospective analysis of electronic patient records from six gynaecological cancer centres in Southwest England between 2000 and 2021 (n = 119). Results: We included 107 patients with a median follow-up of 60 months (0–261 months). Most (97/107; 90.7%) were diagnosed with stage I disease (31.8% stage Ic). Primary management was staging surgery in 33/107 (30.8%), hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) (28/107; 26.2%), or conservation of an ovary (17/107; 15.9%). Three had a subsequent pregnancy. A quarter (27/107; 25.2%) were diagnosed with recurrent disease. Fifteen patients (15/107; 14%) had multiple recurrences. Recurrence was more likely if cyst rupture was reported at surgery (38.7%) compared with no rupture (14.3%; p < 0.001). The recurrence rate was higher with ovarian conservation (6/17; 35.3%) compared with BSO (21/90; 23.3%; p < 0.01), and all recurrences involved the residual ovary. Of the 11 deaths, 6 (54.5%) were attributed to progressive disease. Conclusions: Although survival with early-stage disease is good, ovarian cystectomy or unilateral ovarian conservation was associated with increased risk of recurrence. There is no conclusive evidence to support a contralateral oophorectomy in pre-menopausal women, but completion surgery should at least be considered, either immediately or after childbearing/assisted reproductive treatment. Full article
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13 pages, 1409 KiB  
Article
Burden of Disease Attributed to Prenatal Methylmercury Exposure in the Yanomami Indigenous Land
by Ana Claudia Santiago de Vasconcellos, Raiane Fontes de Oliveira, Marcos Wesley Oliveira and Paulo Cesar Basta
Toxics 2025, 13(5), 339; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13050339 - 25 Apr 2025
Viewed by 594
Abstract
The Yanomami Indigenous Land (YIL) is heavily impacted by illegal gold mining, leading to significant contamination by methylmercury, a neurotoxin that poses severe risks to human health. The fetal brain is particularly susceptible to the neurotoxic effects of methylmercury, which can result in [...] Read more.
The Yanomami Indigenous Land (YIL) is heavily impacted by illegal gold mining, leading to significant contamination by methylmercury, a neurotoxin that poses severe risks to human health. The fetal brain is particularly susceptible to the neurotoxic effects of methylmercury, which can result in mild mental retardation (MMR). The goal of this study was to estimate the burden of disease (BoD) associated with methylmercury exposure in the YIL and its economic implications. The BoD calculations followed World Health Organization (WHO) methodologies. To estimate the local BoD, hair samples were collected from women of childbearing age in the Waikás, Mucajaí, Paapiu, and Maturacá regions. For broader estimates, data from the scientific literature were used. The average hair methylmercury concentrations in these investigated regions were 6.21 µg/g, 3.86 µg/g, 3.53 µg/g, and 2.96 µg/g, respectively. The MMR incidence rate (IR) in children ranged from 2.08 to 4.47 per 1000 in these regions. The Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) per 1000 births varied from 24.8 to 53.4. In the Worst-Case Scenario, MMR-IR reached 9 per 1000, with DALYs per 1000 births rising to 109.6. The estimated economic impact of methylmercury exposure ranged from USD 716,750 to USD 3,153,700. This study is the first to quantify the MMR incidence due to mercury in the YIL, highlighting the severe threat posed by gold mining to the health and survival of the Yanomami people. Full article
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13 pages, 958 KiB  
Article
Molecular Detection of Urogenital Schistosomiasis in Community Level in Semi-Rural Areas in South-East Gabon
by Lady Charlène Kouna, Sandrine Lydie Oyegue-Liabagui, Chenis Nick Atiga, Chérone Nancy Mbani Mpega Ntigui, Roméo Karl Imboumy-Limoukou, Jean Claude Biteghe BI Essone, Steede Seinnat Ontoua, Diamella Nancy Moukodoum, Alain Prince Okouga and Jean Bernard Lekana-Douki
Diagnostics 2025, 15(9), 1052; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15091052 - 22 Apr 2025
Viewed by 712
Abstract
Background: Urogenital schistosomiasis is endemic in Gabon. Our study aimed to detect the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the qPCR technique compared to microscopy for the detection of Schistosoma haematobium at the community level in a semi-rural [...] Read more.
Background: Urogenital schistosomiasis is endemic in Gabon. Our study aimed to detect the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the qPCR technique compared to microscopy for the detection of Schistosoma haematobium at the community level in a semi-rural area. Method: A cross-sectional survey was carried out. Urine samples were examined using Urine TICK test strips, a filtration technique, and qPCR. Schistosoma haematobium was detected by targeting the Dra1 gene. Results: The prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis was determined and the performance of real-time PCR and urine strips was compared with that of urinary filtration. A total of 281 participants were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis was increased slightly with the molecular technique (40.9%) compared to microscopy (36.7%), and the hematuria rate with Urine STICK was 33.5%. SAC (5–14 years old), Pre-SAC (>5 years old), and adolescents (15–17 years old) were the most affected group according to, respectively, whatever method was used. qPCR showed good agreement with microscopy, as well as excellent sensitivity (99.03%) and specificity (93.3). There was a good correlation between the number of eggs per 10 mL and the cycle threshold range. Conclusion: These results show the importance of using a combination of diagnostic tools in the surveillance of schistosomiasis, particularly in preschool children, adolescents, women of childbearing age, and chronic and asymptomatic cases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
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16 pages, 586 KiB  
Article
The Development of a Multidisciplinary Care Pathway for Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Before, During and After Pregnancy
by Els De Dycker, Sien Lenie, Michael Ceulemans, Patricia Geens, Tessy Lambrechts, Elien Loddewijkx, Ariane Paps, Justien Degry, Caroline D’Hondt, Annelies Matthijs, Séverine Vermeire, João Sabino, Bram Verstockt, Lore Lannoo, Kristel Van Calsteren and Marc Ferrante
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(8), 2644; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14082644 - 11 Apr 2025
Viewed by 630
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Recent advancements have significantly enhanced our understanding of the interplay between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and reproductive health. While international organizations provide guidelines for best practices, translating them into actionable strategies is crucial. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive care [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Recent advancements have significantly enhanced our understanding of the interplay between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and reproductive health. While international organizations provide guidelines for best practices, translating them into actionable strategies is crucial. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive care pathway to enhance preconception counselling and support for patients with IBD in the perinatal period, ensuring they receive optimal expert care. Methods: We used the 7-phase model for the development of the care pathway. Results: The resulting care pathway, structured as a time–task matrix, outlines the required actions at preconception, during pregnancy, and in the postpartum period for women with IBD. The pathway provides a structured and multidisciplinary approach that addresses the unique needs of patients with IBD of childbearing age. It emphasizes holistic and personalized support throughout the preconception, pregnancy, and postpartum period. Conclusions: The development of this care pathway represents a significant advancement in the perinatal management of IBD. By offering multidisciplinary and individualized care, optimal maternal and infant outcomes are pursued, while establishing a new global standard for reproductive health and perinatal management. Full article
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14 pages, 579 KiB  
Article
Cancer and Pregnancy: Update of Estimates in Italy by Linking Data from Cancer Registries and Hospital Discharge Records
by Daniela Pierannunzio, Alice Maraschini, Tania Lopez, Serena Donati, Edoardo Corsi Decenti, Paola Ballotari, Francesca Bella, Fortunato Bianconi, Ettore Bidoli, Rossella Bruni, Claudia Cirilli, Rosa Pasqualina De Vincenzo, Giovanna Fantaci, Giuseppe Furgiuele, Silvia Iacovacci, Antonella Ippolito, Lucia Mangone, William Mantovani, Elisabetta Merlo, Michael Mian, Walter Mazzucco, Maria Teresa Pesce, Giuseppe Sampietro, Giovanni Scambia, Fabrizio Stracci, Antonina Torrisi, Maria Francesca Vitale, Manuel Zorzi and Silvia Francisciadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Cancers 2025, 17(7), 1230; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17071230 - 5 Apr 2025
Viewed by 685
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The increasing incidence of cancer during pregnancy is a growing public health concern, driven by delayed parenthood and rising maternal age. Pregnancy-associated cancer (PAC) presents complex clinical challenges, necessitating a balance between maternal cancer treatment and fetal safety. Historically considered incompatible [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The increasing incidence of cancer during pregnancy is a growing public health concern, driven by delayed parenthood and rising maternal age. Pregnancy-associated cancer (PAC) presents complex clinical challenges, necessitating a balance between maternal cancer treatment and fetal safety. Historically considered incompatible with favorable pregnancy outcomes, evidence now suggests that pregnancy can often proceed without affecting cancer prognosis. A 2022 study in Italy provided the first population-based PAC estimates by linking cancer registries (CRs) and hospital discharge records (HDRs). This study aimed to update PAC estimates to 2019, covering 30% of the Italian population and addressing prior data limitations. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal analysis was conducted on women aged 15–49 diagnosed with malignant cancers between 2003 and 2019. Data from 21 Italian CRs were linked with HDRs to identify PAC cases, defined as obstetric hospitalizations occurring for women diagnosed with cancer in our study cohort in the period spanning from one year before to two years after a cancer diagnosis. All malignant cancers, excluding non-melanoma skin cancers, were analyzed. PAC rates were calculated per 1000 pregnancies, and trends were assessed using log-linear and JoinPoint regression models. Results: Among 131,774 women diagnosed with cancer, 6329 PAC cases were identified, with a PAC rate of 1.43 per 1000 pregnancies, consistent with global estimates. Thyroid (24.4%) and breast cancer (23.2%) were the most common. Analyzing the PAC rate by pregnancy outcome, in the period 2015–2019, this increased for both childbirths and miscarriages but decreased for voluntary terminations. Most hospitalizations (54%) occurred pre-diagnosis, peaking at diagnosis, especially for breast cancer (69%). Conclusions: PAC incidence is rising, particularly for live births and miscarriages, underscoring the need for multidisciplinary care and robust epidemiological insights to guide clinical management. Full article
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Article
A Nationwide Seroprevalence Study for Measles in Individuals of Fertile Age in Romania
by Aurora Stanescu, Simona Maria Ruta, Mihaela Leustean, Ionel Iosif, Camelia Sultana, Anca Maria Panaitescu, Florentina Ligia Furtunescu, Costin Cernescu and Adriana Pistol
Antibodies 2025, 14(2), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/antib14020032 - 2 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Romania remains endemic for measles due to suboptimal vaccine coverage rates. During the last three epidemics, the highest incidence of measles was recorded in children younger than 1 year, who should have been partially protected by maternal antibodies. A nationwide cross-sectional seroprevalence [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Romania remains endemic for measles due to suboptimal vaccine coverage rates. During the last three epidemics, the highest incidence of measles was recorded in children younger than 1 year, who should have been partially protected by maternal antibodies. A nationwide cross-sectional seroprevalence study was conducted on persons of fertile age, to evaluate potential immunity gaps in the population. Methods: Between June and October 2020, 959 serum samples were collected from individuals aged 25–44 years (46.5% females) from all the geographic regions in Romania. Measles IgG antibodies were assessed using an enzyme-linked immune assay (DIA.PRO-Diagnostic Bioprobes Srl, Italy). Statistical analysis was performed in IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0, using Fisher’s exact and chi-squared tests to test for associations between seropositivity and demographic factors, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The overall measles seroprevalence was 77%, without gender- or geographic region-related differences. Both the seropositivity rate and the measles antibodies titers increased with age, with the highest difference between the oldest and the youngest age group (p = 0.057), suggesting persistent immunity after natural infection in older individuals or anamnestic responses in vaccinated persons, caused by repeated exposures to the circulating virus. An additional confirmatory pilot study on 444 pregnant women confirmed the low level of measles seroprevalence (68.4%), with a significant upward trend in older ages (75% in those aged >40 years old vs. 65% in those aged 25–29 years, p = 0.018 and mean reactivity of measles antibodies 3.05 ± 1.75 in those aged >40 years vs. 2.28 ± 1.39 in those aged 25–29 years, p = 0.037). Conclusions: This study signals critical immunity gaps in the population that contribute to the accumulation of susceptible individuals and recurrent measles outbreaks. The absence of measles antibodies in women of childbearing age increases the newborn’s susceptibility to infection, with potentially severe complications. Full article
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