Search Results (71)

Like in many countries, the transfer of increased land value created by public actions without landowner contributions back to the public is under debate in Türkiye. Although various Land Value Capture (LVC) mechanisms are employed worldwide to finance infrastructure investments, no comprehensive system has been established in Türkiye for this purpose. In this study, an improved LVC model that integrates land value and development rights is proposed. This model, termed Hybrid Land Readjustment (hLR), is designed to ensure that land value increases triggered by public investments are returned to the public. To this end, existing Turkish value capture instruments with potential are examined. Under the proposed hLR framework, equal basic development rights are granted to cadastral parcels, parcel and building-block value maps are utilized, basic rights are adjusted according to land-value changes, and a portion of additional development rights is transferred to the public. A practical application scenario is provided to illustrate the model’s operation. The system is configured for seamless integration into Türkiye’s existing legal and planning framework, offering a sustainable mechanism for financing infrastructure and implementing zoning plans. Full article

Before the development of 3D cadastre, cadastral systems were based on 2D representations, which now require transformation or updating. In this context, the first issue is that existing 2D rights are not aligned with recent 3D data acquired using advanced technologies such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicle–Light Detection and Ranging (UAV-LiDAR). The second issue is that point clouds of objects captured by UAV-LiDAR, such as fences and exterior building walls—are often neglected. However, these point cloud objects can be utilized to adjust 2D rights to correspond with recent 3D data and to update 3D building models with a higher level of detail. This research leverages such point cloud objects to automatically generate 3D rights and building models. By combining several algorithms, such as Iterative Closest Point (ICP), Random Forest (RF), Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), Region Growing, the Polyfit method, and the orthogonality concept—an automatic workflow for generating 3D cadastral models is developed. The proposed workflow improves the horizontal accuracy of the updated 2D parcels from 1.19 m to 0.612 m. The floor area of the 3D models improves by approximately ±3 m². Furthermore, the resulting 3D building models provide approximately 43% to 57% of the elements required for 3D property valuation. The case study of this research is in Indonesia. Full article

3D (three-dimensional) property volume is an important data carrier for 3D land administration by using 3D cadastral technology, which can be used to express the legal space (property rights) scope matching with physical entities such as buildings and land. A 3D property volume is represented by a dense set of 3D coordinate points arranged in a predefined order and is displayed alongside the parcel map for reference and utilization by readers. To store a 3D property volume in the database, it is essential to record the connectivity relationships among the original 3D coordinate points, the associations between points and lines for representing boundary lines, and the relationships between lines for defining surfaces. Only by preserving the data structure that represents the relationships among points, lines, and surfaces can the 3D property volume in a parcel map be fully reconstructed. This approach inevitably results in the database storage volume significantly exceeding the original size of the point set, thereby causing storage redundancy. Consequently, this paper introduces a reversible 3D property volume compression coding method (called 3DPV-CC) to address this issue. By analyzing the distribution characteristics of the coordinate points of the 3D property volume, a specific rule for sorting the coordinate points is designed, enabling the database to have the ability of data storage and recovery by merely storing a reordered point set. The experimental results show that the 3DPV-CC method has excellent support capabilities for 3D property volumes of the vertical and slopped types, and can compress and restore the coordinate point set of the 3D property volume for drawing 3D parcel maps. The compression capacity of our method in the test is between 23.66% and 38.42%, higher than the general data compression methods (ZIP/7Z/RAR: 8.37–10.32%). By means of this method, land or real estate administrators from government departments can store 3D property volume data at a lower cost. This is conducive to enhancing the informatization level of land management. Full article

Infrastructure facility development and modernization highly contribute to national economic growth, but at the same time, such development also causes local negative impacts on the use of specific land plots, creating losses for their right holders. In Russia, some prerequisites have already been laid down on the issue of compensation for the losses associated with restrictions on the rights and prohibitions of economic activity within zones with special territory use conditions (ZSTUCs). However, the impacts of such facilities lead to environmental pollution and land use disadvantages, such as irregular parcels. The aim of this work is to substantiate a set of approaches to compensating for the cumulative negative impact of infrastructure facilities. The factors causing the negative impacts of infrastructure facilities are grouped into three areas: rights restrictions, territorial deficiencies and environmental pollution. This work uses the SWOT analysis method with the possibility of element-by-element analysis, as a result of which the approaches to the compensation for negative impacts under different external and internal conditions are determined. As a result of this study, a justification for a set of approaches to compensating for the negative impacts of infrastructure facilities on land use was executed, and a new algorithm to compensate the right holders of the land, industry sector or state for such negative impacts was developed. The following approaches to compensating for negative impacts were identified: loss assessment; the establishment of environmental payments; cadastral value adjustment; compensation for industry sector losses; and the use of state regulation tools. The first two approaches were identified as the main ones. The proposed algorithm can be realized only with the help of the abovementioned methodological approaches, which form a basis for further research. Full article

The world is characterised by the growing volumes and flow of goods, which, amid benefits to economic development, result in negative externalities affecting the sustainability of cities. Although numerous studies have analysed the locational patterns of logistics facilities in cities, further research is required to examine their real estate patterns and trends. The aim of the paper is, therefore, to analyse the value of land accommodating logistics facilities in the City of Cape Town municipality, South Africa. Given the lack of dedicated geo-spatial data, logistics firms were searched on Google Maps, utilising a combination of aerial photography and street view imagery. Three main attributes of land parcels hosting logistics facilities were thereafter captured from the municipal cadastral information: property extent, street address, and property number. The latter two were used to extract the 2018 and 2022 property market values from the valuation rolls on the municipal website, followed by statistical, spatial, and geographically weighted regression (GWR) analyses. Zones near the central business district and seaport, as well as areas with prime road-based accessibility, had high market values, while those near the railway stations did not stand out. However, GWR yielded weak relationships between market values and the locational variables analysed, arguably showing a disconnect between spatial planning and logistics planning. Towards augmenting sustainable logistics, it is recommended that relevant stakeholders strategically integrate logistics into spatial planning, and particularly revitalise freight rail to attract investment to logistics hubs with direct railway access. Full article

The 1992 reform of the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) introduced the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS), a geodatabase of land parcels used to monitor and regulate agricultural subsidies. Traditionally, the LPIS has relied on high-resolution aerial orthophotos; however, recent advancements in very-high-resolution (VHR) satellite imagery present new opportunities to enhance its effectiveness. This study explores the feasibility of utilizing PlanetScope, a commercial VHR optical satellite constellation, to map agricultural parcels within the LPIS. A test was conducted in Umbria, Italy, integrating existing datasets with a series of PlanetScope images from 2023. A segmentation workflow was designed, employing the Normalized difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) alongside the Edge segmentation method with varying sensitivity thresholds. An accuracy evaluation based on geometric metrics, comparing detected parcels with cadastral references, revealed that a 30% scale threshold yielded the most reliable results, achieving an accuracy rate of 83.3%. The results indicate that the short revisit time of PlanetScope compensates for its lower spatial resolution compared to traditional orthophotos, allowing accurate delineation of parcels. However, challenges remain in automating parcel matching and integrating alternative methods for accuracy assessment. Further research should focus on refining segmentation parameters and optimizing PlanetScope’s temporal and spectral resolution to strengthen LPIS performance, ultimately fostering more sustainable and data-driven agricultural management. Full article

Herein is presented a systematic review on property documentation in Greece from 1830 to the present, examining the systems used and their impact on spatial data management and land administration policies. This review reveals that the adoption of the person-based land registry system in 1836, versus the parcel-based Cadastre, led to fragmented property documentation and hindered coherent land administration policies. The establishment of the Hellenic Cadastre in 1995 marked the transition to integrated property documentation within the sole official parcel-based system, facilitating spatial data management and sustainable development. The cadastral survey revealed significant spatial and descriptive fragmentation due to incomplete spatial and legal documentation, unregistered administrative acts, and unregistered public property, which also affects the operational Cadastre. This paper contributes to the literature on the full transition from land registries to a Cadastre, and its impact on spatial data management and overall land administration. Full article

Forensic cadastre is the application of forensic science in land dispute resolution to enhance the accuracy of analysis and the precision of recommendations. This study applied forensic science stages—recognition, identification, individualization, and evidence evaluation—to a land overlap dispute between state-owned land and privately owned parcels belonging to three individuals in Buntu Village, Ligung District, Majalengka Regency, West Java. Method validation was conducted through expert judgment using a questionnaire to assess its alignment with scientific and professional dispute resolution principles. The reliability test resulted in a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.855 for 10 questionnaire items, indicating a high level of internal consistency, while the validity reached 80%. These findings confirm that forensic cadastre has a strong conceptual validity and good reliability, making it an objective and transparent strategy for resolving land disputes that cannot be settled through traditional methods such as mediation. Full article

Land-use fragmentation is an important issue for land management and rural development. For the last few decades, the relationship between mankind and land has become more dynamic though the traditional cadastral system has been slow in responding to the changing needs of society. Associated with land-use fragmentation, there are different sizes of land parcels with different biophysical characteristics that will dictate different land management decisions, and, in many countries, it is a problem that constitutes a challenge for correct land management. This article proposes a compromise programming approach for determining the biophysical potential of land parcels. This approach was implemented in Loulé municipality, Portugal, in more than 50,000 parcels. Results were promising since the approach was able to build a ranking of parcels that have different biophysical conditions, proving that this approach is relevant and interesting for land management. Full article

This paper explores the complex nature of land reforms, arguing that they should be considered wicked policy problems by focusing on the Hellenic Land Administration Reform (HLAR). The article reflects on recent contributions that argue that the HLAR’s challenges are associated with the great leap forward shift from a French-influenced deed paper-based system to a German-influenced digital cadastral parcel-based system. Another recent study contended that the legislative overregulation during the sovereign crisis period in the organizations of the diverse land registry systems of the land administration policy domain further complexified the reform process. A lack of consensus on the reform’s main policy thrust and the means to achieve it was present both at the onset of the reform and during the economic crisis period, among the actors in the reform process. This paper contributes to the contemporary scholarly literature on land administration, integrating recent empirical contributions that point toward the wicked nature of land administration reforms. Full article

In developing nations, such as Ekiti State, Nigeria, the utilization of remotely sensed data, particularly satellite and UAV imagery, remains significantly underexploited in land administration. This limits multi-resolution imagery’s potential in land governance and socio-economic development. This study examines factors influencing UAV adoption for land administration in Nigeria, mapping seven rural, peri-urban, and urban sites with orthomosaics (2.2 cm to 3.39 cm resolution). Boundaries were manually delineated, and parcel areas were calculated. Using the 0.05 m orthomosaic as a reference, the Horizontal Radial Root Mean Square Error (RMSEr) and Normalized Parcel Area Error (NPAE) were computed. Results showed a consistent increase in error with increasing resolution (0.1 m to 1 m), with RMSEr ranging from 0.053 m (formal peri-urban) to 2.572 m (informal rural settlement). Formal settlements with physical demarcations exhibited more consistent values. A comparison with GNSS data revealed that RMSEr values conformed to the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) Class II and III standards. The research demonstrates physical demarcations’ role in facilitating cadastral mapping, with formal settlements showing the highest suitability. This study recommends context-specific imagery resolution to enhance land governance. Key implications include promoting settlement typology awareness and addressing UAV regulatory challenges. NPAE values can serve as a metric for assessing imagery resolution fitness for cadastral mapping. Full article

Digital Building Logbooks (DBLs) are the EU repositories for all building-related data. Logbook implementation conveys challenges, but it must be recognised that relevant things already exist. This article bridges the gap at the data discovery level by assessing the existing data and comparing it with EU DBL studies. Action research is the methodology, employing Portugal as an example. A deductive approach and interpretivism are used, supporting the data discovery journey. When evaluating existing datasets with DBL EU guidelines data requirements, the findings demonstrate a match from 90.6% to 82.6%, depending on the level: cadastral parcel, building or building unit. Several additional observed datasets suit the DBL framework, constituting a path for future research. Insights into the dataset landscape from a specific perspective are offered. Given the deliverables’ characteristics, the study results can be generalised. The data discovery journey led to the understanding that duplicates and inconsistencies exist. A strategic approach for data sharing, governance and usage should be established to solve them, increasing digital maturity, integration and interoperability. Revising the legal framework is found to be paramount. Working from the existing elements and aligning them with data space assumptions can make DBL implementation more straightforward. Full article

Agricultural land parcels (ALPs) are essential for effective agricultural management, influencing activities ranging from crop yield estimation to policy development. However, traditional methods of ALP delineation are often labor-intensive and require frequent updates due to the dynamic nature of agricultural practices. Additionally, the significant variations across different regions and the seasonality of agriculture pose challenges to the automatic generation of accurate and timely ALP labels for extensive areas. This study introduces the cadastral-to-agricultural (Cad2Ag) framework, a novel approach that utilizes cadastral data as training labels to train deep learning models for the delineation of ALPs. Cadastral parcels, which are relatively widely available and stable elements in land management, serve as proxies for ALP delineation. Employing an adapted U-Net model, the framework automates the segmentation process using remote sensing images and geographic information system (GIS) data. This research evaluates the effectiveness of the proposed Cad2Ag framework in two U.S. regions—Indiana and California—characterized by diverse agricultural conditions. Through rigorous evaluation across multiple scenarios, the study explores diverse scenarios to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of ALP delineation. Notably, the framework demonstrates effective ALP delineation across different geographic contexts through transfer learning when supplemented with a small set of clean labels, achieving an $F_1$-score of 0.80 and an Intersection over Union (IoU) of 0.67 using only 200 clean label samples. The Cad2Ag framework’s ability to leverage automatically generated, extensive, free training labels presents a promising solution for efficient ALP delineation, thereby facilitating effective management of agricultural land. Full article

How is land management related to cultural policy and how do these two different scientific fields contribute to cultural heritage protection? How may archaeological sites, immovable monuments, and state property be recorded in a specific Land Administration System? What are the records of the system in numbers? These questions will be answered in this publication, and the example of the Hellenic Archaeological Cadastre (HAC) will be analyzed in detail. The HAC project is one of the most important projects that has been designed, implemented, and launched within the last decade by the Hellenic Ministry of Culture. The transition of the whole public sector in the digital era and the urgent need for reliable and updated geospatial documentation of public parcels of land and constructions, archaeological sites, and immovable monuments were the two main factors that led to the compilation and implementation of the specific LAS. This study presents the available tools, administrative procedures, records, qualitative and quantitative data, and prominent examples of public parcels of land accessible online in the open access web GIS platform. A SWOT analysis is also performed for its evaluation. Full article

Enriching and updating maps are among the most important tasks of any urban management organization for informed decision making. Urban cadastral map enrichment is a time-consuming and costly process, which needs an expert’s opinion for quality control. This research proposes a smart framework to enrich a cadastral base map using a more up-to-date map automatically by machine learning algorithms. The proposed framework has three main steps, including parcel matching, parcel change detection and base map enrichment. The matching step is performed by checking the center point of each parcel in the other map parcels. Support vector machine and random forest classification algorithms are used to detect the changed parcels in the base map. The proposed models employ the genetic algorithm for feature selection and grey wolf optimization and Harris hawks optimization for hyperparameter optimization to improve accuracy and performance. By assessing the accuracies of the models, the random forest model with feature selection and grey wolf optimization, with an F1-score of 0.9018, was selected for the parcel change detection method. Finally, the detected changed parcels in the base map are deleted and relocated automatically with corresponding parcels in the more up-to-date map by the affine transformation. Full article