Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is currently one of the most efficient denitration technologies to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions of diesel engines. AdBlue (urea water solution, UWS) is the carrier of the reducing agent of SCR, and the spr...
Mechanical breakup of river ice cover and associated ice jam flooding is a major concern for riverine communities in cold regions. The ability to forecast breakup ice jams is essential for river ice management. Numerous studies on forecasting breakup...
Emulsion formation is of great interest in the chemical and food industry and droplet breakup is the key process. Droplet breakup in a quiet or laminar flow is well understood, however, actual in-dustrial processes are always in the turbulent flow re...
The growing interest in using population balance modeling to describe emulsification processes has spurred an interest in experimentally measuring the breakup frequency. This contribution classifies, compares, and critically reviews the different met...
The experimental method is used to study the droplet breaking characteristics of an immiscible liquid–liquid t8wo-phase fluid in symmetric Y-junction microchannels. Silicone oil is used as the dispersed phase and distilled water containing 0.5%...
In electrostatic atomization, the input electrical energy causes breaking up of the droplet surface by utilizing a mutual repulsion of net charges accumulating on that surface. In this work a number of key parameters controlling the bio-oil droplet b...
Bubble flow in confined geometries is a problem of fundamental and technological significance. Among all the forms, bubble breakup in bifurcated microchannels is one of the most commonly encountered scenarios, where an in-depth understanding is neces...
The breakup processes and droplet characteristics of a liquid jet injected into a low-speed air crossflow in the finite space were experimentally investigated. The liquid jet breakup processes were recorded by high-speed photography, and phase-Dopple...
Breakup of droplets at bi-layer bifurcating junction in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel has been investigated by experiments and numerical simulation. The pressure drop in bi-layer bifurcating channel was investigated and compared with singl...
Collisions of very heavy nuclei 197Au+197Au at the energy range of 5–30 A MeV have been studied within the improved quantum molecular dynamics (ImQMD) model. A class of ternary events satisfying a nearly complete balance of mass numbers is sele...
The problem of secondary atomization of droplets is crucial for many applications. In high-speed flows, fine atomization usually takes place, and the breakup of small droplets determines the final products of atomization. An experimental study of def...
The continuous growth of space debris motivates the development and the improvement of tools that support the monitoring of a more and more congested space environment. Satellite breakup models play a key role to predict and analyze orbital debris ev...
Experimental methods to study the breakup frequency in industrial devices are increasingly important. Since industrial production-scale devices are often inaccessible to single-drop experiments, breakup frequencies for these devices can only be studi...
The Central Red Sea Rift is a natural laboratory to study the transition from rifting to spreading. Based on new reflection seismic profiles and gravity modeling, we examined the crustal structure, tectonic evolution, breakup mechanism, and future ev...
Bubble coalescence and breakup play important roles in physical-chemical processes and bubbles are treated in two groups in the interfacial area transport equation (IATE). This paper presents a review of IATE for bubble coalescence and breakup to mod...
In order to understand the breakup characteristics of a transverse liquid jet flow in an actual combustion chamber, a numerical study was conducted using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method combined with grid adaptation technology. The study focused on...
Forecasting of river ice breakup timing is directly related to the local ice-caused flooding management. However, river ice forecasting using k-nearest neighbor (kNN) algorithms is limited. Thus, a kNN stacking ensemble learning (KSEL) method was dev...
2 December 2025
The study of the dynamics during droplet breakup is fascinating to engineers. Some industrial applications include fire extinguishing by sprinkler systems, painting of various components, washing processes, and fuel spraying in internal combustion en...
This study numerically investigated the symmetric breakup of bubble within a heated microfluidic Y-junction. The established three-dimensional model was verified with the results in the literature. Two crucial variables, Reynolds number (Re) and heat...
The structural breakup and recovery of coastal mud are closely related to wave propagation, mud transportation, and coastal morphology evolution. Due to the influence of climate, topography, and other factors, the wave frequency in marine environment...
The heating of two-component droplets and the following explosive breakup of those droplets have been extensively studied over the most recent years. These processes are of high interest, since they can significantly improve the performance of many t...
The flow and morphological characteristics of liquid water on the icing and anti-icing surfaces of aircraft are closely related to the icing characteristics and anti-icing surface temperature distribution. To predict the flow and breakup characterist...
This study examines the process of a 240 µm droplet breakup under a shock wave through experiments using a double-pulse laser holographic test technique on a shock tube. The technique allowed for high-resolution data to be obtained at the micro...
Droplet microfluidics involving non-Newtonian fluids is of great importance in both fundamental mechanisms and practical applications. In the present study, breakup dynamics in droplet generation of semi-dilute polymer solutions in a microfluidic flo...
Experimental investigations are conducted to determine the mechanism and characteristics of a jet in an L-shape crossflow simulating the radial swirl injector of a lean premixed-prevaporized (LPP) combustor. To simplify the radial flow of the actual...
Daily average springtime air temperatures from four weather stations distributed along north–south and nearly east–west directions within or on the divide of the Sagavanirktok River watershed in Arctic Alaska were studied and compared wit...
(1) Background: To evaluate the characteristics of fluorescein breakup patterns (FBUPs) among patients with dry eye disease (DED) and efficacy of FBUPs as a diagnostic test for DED subgroups. (2) Methods: The study enrolled 449 patients with DED. FBU...
Tip penetration of diesel spray is one of the most useful parameters to evaluate diesel combustion dynamics. It has strong relationships with ignition delay, premix/diffusion combustion and engine performance, including exhaust emissions. To discuss...
Spray drying of whey protein-based emulsions is a common task in food engineering. Lipophilic, low molecular weight emulsifiers including lecithin, citrem, and mono- and diglycerides, are commonly added to the formulations, as they are expected to im...
The combustion characteristics of nanofluid fuels have been widely investigated, but rare studies on the atomization were reported. Atomization is an imperative and crucial step to improve the combustion performance of nanofluid fuels, and the second...
The breakup process of molten metal is the most critical stage in atomization powder production. Conducting systematic research on the breakup process of molten metal during gas atomization is highly significant for understanding the formation mechan...
Turbulent emulsification is an important unit operation in chemical engineering. Due to its high energy cost, there is substantial interest in increasing the fundamental understanding of drop breakup in these devices, e.g., for optimization. In this...
In cold regions, every year, river-ice jams generate sudden, surprising, intense flooding that challenges the capacity of public security services. This type of flood is commonly unpredictable and often appears chaotic because its occurrence depends...
In this study, the primary breakup of a high-speed diesel jet is investigated using a CFD methodology that combines an LES model with a VOF technique for free surface capture. Inner-nozzle turbulence and cavitation are simplified as the sinusoidal ra...
In order to improve the inadequacy of the current research on oil droplet size distribution in aero-engine bearing chamber, the influence of oil droplet size distribution with the oil droplets coalescence and breakup is analyzed by using the computat...
The goal of this study was to investigate oil droplet breakup in food emulsions during atomization with pressure swirl (PS), internal mixing (IM), and external mixing (EM) twin-fluid atomizers. By this, new knowledge is provided that facilitates the...
Timely release of flow from upstream hydropower generation facilities on the Peace River can enhance potential ice-jam flooding near the drying Peace–Athabasca Delta (PAD), a Ramsar wetland of international importance and homeland to Indigenous...
One of the most successful ways to introduce samples in Serial Femtosecond Crystallography has been the use of microscopic capillary liquid jets produced by gas flow focusing, whose length-to-diameter ratio and velocity are essential to fulfill the r...
We have constructed an outer-cylinder-rotating Couette device for high-speed shear flow in laminar flow conditions and visualized the structure formation and subsequent rearrangement of PACl (flocculant made of aluminum hydroxide gel) and kaolinite f...
The present study is aimed at investigating the ability of a CFD modeling of liquid–liquid jet breakup to resolve the principal mechanisms relevant to jet breakup as well as submillimeter-scale drop size. It is generally known that jet leading...
The multiphase flow and spatial distribution of bubbles inside a continuous casting (CC) mold is a popular research issue due to its direct impact on the quality of the CC slab. The behavior of bubbles in the mold, and how they coalesce and break apa...
When the multiphase pump is running, the internal medium often exists as bubble flow. In order to investigate the bubble occurrence characteristics in the pressurization unit of the multiphase pump more accurately, this paper couples computational fl...
To investigate primary breakup close to an injector, this paper presents both experimental and numerical research on high-pressure common-rail diesel injection. We propose a new method named SD-ELSA model to realize automatically identifying droplet...
Electrode induction melting gas atomization (EIGA) technology is a commonly used and effective method for producing spherical metal powders in additive manufacturing. In this paper, we aim to describe the atomization and fragmentation of liquid sheet...
Spot break (SB), a tear film breakup (TFBU) subtype seen in decreased wettability dry eye (DE), is characterized by a spot-like TFBU that appears immediately after eye opening. It is sometimes difficult to detect using currently available devices for...
Ice jamming is the primary mechanism that can generate overland flooding and recharge the isolated basins of the Peace–Athabasca Delta (PAD), a valuable ecosystem of international importance and the ancient homeland of the Indigenous Peoples of...
This study investigated the influence of instability on the interaction between sub-millimeter liquid droplets and shock waves. Experiments were conducted using 0.42 mm diameter droplets with varying shock wave Mach numbers. The investigation quantif...
Among the most relevant fields of research recently investigated for improving the performance of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, there are ultrahigh injection pressures and the flash-boiling phenomenon. Both perform relevant roles in improv...
Many industrially relevant emulsification devices are of the high-energy type, where drop deformation and subsequent breakup, take place due to intense turbulent fluid–drop interactions. This includes high-pressure homogenizers as well as rotor-stato...
The coupling of Eulerian and Lagrangian methods in the Eulerian–Lagrangian Spray Atomization (ELSA) approach is critical. This study proposes an equation for the primary breakup particle diameter D of a diesel fuel spray and adopts it as a key...
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