Search Results (479)

Background: Vaccine hesitancy (VH) represents a growing concern among healthcare professionals and students, potentially undermining public health efforts. Nursing, pediatric nursing, and midwifery students are future vaccinators and educators, making it essential to understand their attitudes, knowledge, and confidence toward vaccination. This study aims to assess vaccine-related perceptions and behaviors among these student populations in an Italian university. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between November 2022 and February 2024 at the University of Rome “Tor Vergata”. A structured, anonymous questionnaire, including the Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) scale, vaccine knowledge items, and sources of information, was administered to students in nursing (n = 205), pediatric nursing (n = 46), and midwifery (n = 21). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, ANOVA, post hoc tests, and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results: Among the 272 participants, 20.6% reported refusing at least one recommended vaccine, and 18.4% delayed vaccination for non-medical reasons. Vaccine knowledge and confidence increased significantly with academic progression (p < 0.001). Midwifery students showed both the highest concern for long-term vaccine effects and the greatest confidence in vaccine safety. Institutional and scientific sources were the most trusted, though traditional and non-institutional media also influenced perceptions, particularly among midwifery students. Conclusions: Despite high COVID-19 vaccine uptake, VH persists among health professional students. Discipline-specific patterns highlight the need for early, targeted educational strategies to enhance vaccine literacy and reduce hesitancy. Tailored training may empower future professionals to become informed and credible advocates for vaccination. Full article

Although career choice is a kind of individual behavior, as the gatekeeper of the discipline, doctoral students’ academic career intention reflects the attractiveness of the academic labor market and determines the sustainable development of academic careers. An analysis of data (N = 1322) from a survey among Chinese doctoral students reveals that (1) environmental factors, such as departmental atmosphere and advisor support, cognitive factors like academic interest and research self-efficacy, as well as behavioral factors including research engagement and publication rates, significantly promote doctoral students’ academic career intentions; (2) female doctoral students and those from prestigious institutions show stronger academic career aspirations; (3) the influence of interest factors on doctoral students’ commitment to an academic career is particularly pronounced, especially in the field of fundamental science; (4) a clear understanding of career paths positively moderates the effect of interest on academic career intentions. Within increasingly severe competition in the global academic labor market, it is necessary to provide more support for doctoral students who are willing to engage in academic careers by enhancing career planning guidance for doctoral students and supporting them in making rational career plans and adequate preparations. Full article

This literature review investigates how social, cultural, political, and psychological factors contribute to biodiversity loss in coastal ecosystems. While biodiversity decline is often analyzed from ecological or economic perspectives, this review focuses on the societal dimensions that shape environmental attitudes and behaviors. Using a semi-structured approach, we searched Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed studies that address social influences on biodiversity, particularly in coastal contexts. Boolean logic and targeted keywords guided the selection, complemented by snowballing techniques to identify additional relevant literature. From over 600 initial results, 57 studies were included in the final synthesis. The literature spans diverse disciplines, including sociology, political science, environmental psychology, and cultural studies. Although many studies do not explicitly focus on coastal areas, they provide transferable insights into conservation-related behavior and structural drivers of biodiversity pressure. The review identifies thematic clusters and theoretical gaps, particularly regarding underexplored social variables and insufficient attention to multi-level dynamics. Our findings underline the need for stronger integration of societal dimensions into biodiversity research and policy, especially in coastal regions facing complex socio-ecological challenges. Full article

Axis definition plays a key role in the establishment of animal body plans, both in normal development and regeneration. The cnidarian Hydra can re-establish its simple body plan when regenerating from a random cell aggregate or a sufficiently small tissue fragment. At the beginning of regeneration, a hollow cellular spheroid forms, which then undergoes symmetry breaking and de novo body axis definition. In the past, we have published related work in a physics journal, which is difficult to read for scientists from other disciplines. Here, we review our work for readers not so familiar with this type of approach at a level that requires very little knowledge in mathematics. At the same time, we present a few aspects of Hydra biology that we believe to be linked to our work. These biological aspects may be of interest to physicists or members of related disciplines to better understand our approach. The proposed theoretical model is based on fluctuations of gene expression that are triggered by mechanical signaling, leading to increasingly large groups of cells acting in sync. With a single free parameter, the model quantitatively reproduces the experimentally observed expression pattern of the gene ks1, a marker for ‘head forming potential’. We observed that Hydra positions its axis as a function of a weak temperature gradient, but in a non-intuitive way. Supposing that a large fluctuation including ks1 expression is locked to define the head position, the model reproduces this behavior as well—without further changes. We explain why we believe that the proposed fluctuation-based symmetry breaking process agrees well with recent experimental findings where actin filament organization or anisotropic mechanical stimulation act as axis-positioning events. The model suggests that the Hydra spheroid exhibits huge sensitivity to external perturbations that will eventually position the axis. Full article

This study investigates the relationship between sovereign credit rating transitions and domestic equity market performance, focusing on Greece from 2004 to 2024. Although credit ratings are central to sovereign risk assessment, their immediate influence on financial markets remains contested. This research adopts a multi-method analytical framework combining algebraic combinatorics and time-series econometrics. The methodology incorporates the construction of a directed credit rating transition graph, the partially ordered set representation of rating hierarchies, rolling-window correlation analysis, Granger causality testing, event study evaluation, and the formulation of a reward matrix with optimal rating path optimization. Empirical results indicate that credit rating announcements in Greece exert only modest short-term effects on the Athens Stock Exchange General Index, implying that markets often anticipate these changes. In contrast, sequential downgrade trajectories elicit more pronounced and persistent market responses. The reward matrix and path optimization approach reveal structured investor behavior that is sensitive to the cumulative pattern of rating changes. These findings offer a more nuanced interpretation of how sovereign credit risk is processed and priced in transparent and fiscally disciplined environments. By bridging network-based algebraic structures and economic data science, the study contributes a novel methodology for understanding systemic financial signals within sovereign credit systems. Full article

Objective: This study sought to examine the correlation between physical activity levels and various psychological and nutritional factors associated with the risk of developing eating disorders among female university students in the Health Sciences discipline. Method: The study assessed body image, self-esteem, nutritional status, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and attitudes toward food in a sample of 96 women, categorized into two groups based on their level of physical activity. Results: Significant differences in skeletal muscle mass were identified between the groups, alongside associations between body dissatisfaction, low self-esteem, and elevated EAT-26 scores. Furthermore, students with higher levels of physical activity exhibited a significantly increased prevalence of eating disorder risk. Logistic regression analysis identified body dissatisfaction as a significant predictor of eating disorder risk, while membership in the group with the highest physical activity levels enhanced model fit and increased eating disorder risk. Conclusions: These findings indicate that, while physical activity is associated with certain benefits related to body composition and eating habits, it may also be linked to a heightened risk of disordered eating behaviors, contingent upon the underlying motivations and body perceptions involved. This study highlights the necessity for comprehensive preventive strategies that address both the physical and psychological dimensions of physical activity in female university students. Full article

The off-the-track Thoroughbred’s (OTTTB’s) suitability for equestrian retraining and rehoming should always be subject to behavioral considerations. Certain attributes may be advantageous to a horse’s racing performance but unfavorable to their prospects off the track. It is important to gain a non-biased understanding of how Thoroughbreds (TBs) in equestrian disciplines compare with other horses behaviorally, to minimize risks of poor welfare and safety outcomes. The current study used owner-reported information (n = 1633) from the Equine Behavior Assessment and Research Questionnaire (E-BARQ) global database to compare the behaviors of OTTTBs with those of other ridden horses. Boldness, compliance, rideability, trainability, and responsiveness to acceleration and deceleration signals were evaluated in the context of 27 E-BARQ items, as determined by exploratory factor analysis (EFA). In this study, OTTTBs demonstrated more boldness (t = 3.793; p < 0.001) and lower compliance and responsiveness to deceleration signals (t = 3.448; p < 0.001) than non-OTTTBs. Trainability, rideability, and responsiveness to acceleration signals did not differ significantly between OTTTBs and non-OTTTBs. These findings provide direction for future research into causal factors and improvement opportunities regarding the training and management of Thoroughbreds, on- and off-the-track. Full article

The implementation of chaotic behavior and a sensitivity assessment of the newly developed M-fractional Kuralay-II equation are the foremost objectives of the present study. This equation has significant possibilities in control systems, electrical circuits, seismic wave propagation, economic dynamics, groundwater flow, image and signal denoising, complex biological systems, optical fibers, plasma physics, population dynamics, and modern technology. These applications demonstrate the versatility and advantageousness of the stated model for complex systems in various scientific and engineering disciplines. One more essential objective of the present research is to find closed-form wave solutions of the assumed equation based on the $({\displaystyle \frac{G^{\prime }}{G^{\prime }+G+A}})$-expansion approach. The results achieved are in exponential, rational, and trigonometric function forms. Our findings are more novel and also have an exclusive feature in comparison with the existing results. These discoveries substantially expand our understanding of nonlinear wave dynamics in various physical contexts in industry. By simply selecting suitable values of the parameters, three-dimensional (3D), contour, and two-dimensional (2D) illustrations are produced displaying the diagrammatic propagation of the constructed wave solutions that yield the singular periodic, anti-kink, kink, and singular kink-shape solitons. Future improvements to the model may also benefit from what has been obtained as well. The various assortments of solutions are provided by the described procedure. Finally, the framework proposed in this investigation addresses additional fractional nonlinear partial differential equations in mathematical physics and engineering with excellent reliability, quality of effectiveness, and ease of application. Full article

Heortia vitessoides Moore (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), the dominant outbreak defoliator of Aquilaria sinensis (Myrtales: Thymelaeaceae, the agarwood-producing tree), poses a severe threat to the sustainable development of the agarwood industry. Current research has preliminarily revealed its biological traits and gene functions. However, significant gaps persist in integrating climate adaptation mechanisms, control technologies, and host interaction networks across disciplines. This review systematically synthesizes the multidimensional mechanisms underlying H. vitessoides outbreaks through the logical framework of “Fundamental Biology of Outbreaks—Environmental Drivers—Control Strategies—Molecular Regulation—Host Defense.” First, we integrate the biological characteristics of H. vitessoides with its climatic response patterns, elucidating the ecological pathways through which temperature and humidity drive population outbreaks by regulating development duration and host resource availability. Subsequently, we assess the efficacy and limitations of existing control techniques (e.g., pheromone trapping, Beauveria bassiana application), highlighting the critical bottleneck of insufficient mechanistic understanding at the molecular level. Building on this, we delve into the molecular adaptation mechanisms of H. vitessoides. Specifically, detoxification genes (e.g., HvGSTs1) and temperature stress-responsive genes (e.g., HvCAT, HvGP) synergistically enhance stress tolerance, while chemosensory genes mediate mating and host location behaviors. Concurrently, we reveal the host defense strategy of A. sinensis, involving activation of secondary metabolite defenses via the jasmonic acid signaling pathway and emission of volatile organic compounds that attract natural enemies—an “induced resistance–natural enemy collaboration” mechanism. Finally, we propose future research directions: deep integration of gene editing to validate key targets, multi-omics analysis to decipher the host–pest–natural enemy interaction network, and development of climate–gene–population dynamics models. These approaches aim to achieve precision control by bridging molecular mechanisms with environmental regulation. This review not only provides innovative pathways for managing H. vitessoides but also establishes a paradigm for cross-scale research on pests affecting high-value economic forests. Full article

Mobile phone waste management is a growing environmental challenge, with improper disposal contributing to resource depletion, pollution and missed opportunities for material recovery. This study presents the findings of a dual-purpose survey (11,163 respondents) conducted in a wide academic context in Italy, aimed at both assessing mobile phones disposal behaviors and knowledge and raising awareness through structured educational prompts about sustainable e-waste management. The results reveal significant behavioral patterns and knowledge gaps across demographic groups. While most respondents (90.6%) own one phone, males tend to have more than females. Phones are replaced every 3–5 years by 48.8% of users and every 1–3 years by 36.7%, with students tending to replace them earlier. Only 20.2% replace their phone when irreparable while 46% replace them due to high repair costs. A large majority (92.3%) store old devices at home, forming an estimated urban mine of 29,799 unused phones. The awareness of hazardous components is higher than that of critical raw materials, with males more informed than females and students in scientific fields displaying greater awareness than those in humanities and health disciplines. The awareness of official take-back programs is particularly low, especially among younger generations. Notably, 90% reported increased awareness from the educational survey and 93.1% expressed willingness to use an on-campus e-waste collection system. These results highlight the role of universities as catalysts for sustainable behavior, supporting the design of targeted educational strategies and policy actions in line with circular economy principles and Sustainable Development Goal 12 “Responsible consumption and production”. Full article

Organizational behavior examines the interactions of individuals and groups within businesses, while human resource management (HRM) focuses on enhancing workforce efficiency through recruitment, training, and employee relations. The success of an organization depends on the relationship between employee engagement and performance, as engaged individuals enhance productivity and innovation. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the academic research on the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI), employee engagement, and performance. This study highlights trends, countries, sources, and keywords in this field. The authors analyzed 11,291 articles in the first phase, 42,358 articles were analyzed in the second phase, and 606 articles were analyzed in the third phase. This study highlights the growth of the research in this area and identifies the most productive years and regional contributions. The citation analysis is used to identify the relevant research and renowned authors. This study also addresses ethical concerns related to the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in the workplace. This study indicates theme variations among national contributions, highlighting differing socio-cultural and theoretical perspectives on AI adoption in HRM, from behavioral leadership models to efficiency-oriented frameworks. In summary, this bibliometric study provides valuable insights into the evolution of the research topics related to AI’s impact on employee engagement and productivity, spanning multiple disciplines, such as psychology, organizational behavior, and computer science. It is relevant for the researchers, practitioners, and businesses interested in understanding and utilizing AI in the workplace. Full article

Computational fluid dynamics became an essential tool for analyzing complex fluid behavior, with applications ranging from aerospace engineering to renewable energy systems. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence further enhanced computational fluid dynamics capabilities, improving computational efficiency and predictive accuracy. However, despite its widespread adoption, the integration of artificial intelligence in computational fluid dynamics for thermal energy storage remained an underexplored research area. This study presented a bibliometric analysis of the existing literature on artificial intelligence applications in computational fluid dynamics, with a specific focus on thermal energy storage systems. By comparing two research domains—artificial intelligence in computational fluid dynamics and artificial intelligence in computational fluid dynamics applied to thermal energy storage—this paper identified a significant gap in the latter, as reflected in the low number of publications, limited collaboration networks, and weak citation relationships. While artificial intelligence-driven computational fluid dynamics research expanded across multiple disciplines, its application in thermal energy storage is still in its early stages, highlighting the need for further investigations. The results indicated a growing interest in artificial intelligence-enhanced computational fluid dynamics models for thermal energy storage optimization, particularly in areas such as heat transfer, phase change materials, and system efficiency improvements. The results also included an analysis of leading contributors to this field, along with emerging countries’ contributions. A study of the key publication sources with a high impact in this domain was also included. Full article

Sustainability and environmental activism are two interconnected fields that advocate for a common goal: systemic changes to protect the environment. Grassroots movements play a crucial role in influencing the status quo, public discourse, and actions regarding these topics by shaping new policies and public behavior. The present study aims to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric review that explores the intersection of environmental activism and sustainability from the pioneering document on this subject from 1998 to 2025 by analyzing 475 documents retrieved from the ISI Web of Science (WoS) database. This study adopts a quantitative approach to identify trends, key authors, patterns, topics, and themes in environmental activism focused on sustainability. By tracking the research landscape from the seminal work, this research provides insights into sustainable environmental initiatives. Results underscore that sustainability cannot be viewed as an isolated concept. Instead, it has become a standard across multiple domains. Environmental activism has the potential to drive change toward a more sustainable future across all domains analyzed. There is an urgent need for initiatives and collaborations across disciplines to achieve this goal. Full article

This study aimed to examine teachers’ toxic behaviors and their impact on the school environment from the perspective of school principals. The study, employing a phenomenological approach, was based on the views of 12 school principals in Türkiye. It was found that toxic behaviors were consistent with personality traits known as the dark triad—Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy—and were associated with characteristics such as low performance, professional inadequacy, and a lack of social skills within the school context. Findings suggested that such behaviors can have serious negative effects on organizational climate, teacher collaboration, and organizational trust. Particularly, according to the school principals’ views, toxic teachers poisoned the school environment, reduced motivation, and negatively affected the overall performance of the school. The study also evaluated the strategies school principals used to cope with toxic teachers, revealing a phased adoption of constructive and discipline-based intervention approaches. The results underscored the critical importance of school principals’ ability to effectively manage toxic behaviors for the academic and social success of their schools. Full article

The objective of this study was to propose an analysis pathway that illustrates the psychological mechanism and corresponding environmental motivators affecting the frequency and duration of outdoor activity participation among older adults in China. Firstly, based on the transtheoretical model (TTM) theory and the environmental psychological approach, a literature review was conducted to select the model variables and ensure that they correspond to the requirements of the stage of change construct and the temporal dimension of the TTM theory. Secondly, the variables mentioned above were rearranged according to the perception, action, experience, and emotion stages of the individual psychological mechanism process and the environmental quality improvement outcome to develop the hypothetical model. Subsequently, a confirmatory factor analysis was carried out to test the hypotheses and validate the model based on the survey data collected in Chengdu City, China. Finally, a total of 372 valid questionnaires were received. After analyzing the collected data, the configuration index relationship of the hypothesis model was validated. In conclusion: Through slicing control of environmental factors in diverse human-environmental interaction stages under the guidance of the stage-based behavioral analysis discipline, this study explores an analysis pathway for upgrading outdoor environment facilities to enhance the attraction and attachment characteristics of the environment and, in turn, promote the sustainability of the outdoor activities performed by older people. Full article