Search Results (115)

Background/Objectives: Circulating amino acids are not only markers of nutritional status; in experimental and interventional models they have been linked to hepatic lipogenesis, lipoprotein assembly, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, and bile acid conjugation, which makes them plausible candidate correlates of obesity-related lipid dysregulation. Despite this, most metabolomic studies of excess adiposity have focused either on a single lipid parameter—typically triglycerides—or only on branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). This pilot study was designed to generate hypotheses about these associations across the full standard lipid panel using a targeted 19-amino acid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) panel in adults spanning the body mass index (BMI) spectrum, with an analytical framework oriented around lipid phenotype variance rather than body weight classification. The design is cross-sectional and the analysis exploratory; no causal or predictive claim is made. Methods: Targeted LC-MS/MS quantification of 19 plasma amino acids was performed in 50 adults grouped as normal weight (n = 20; BMI 22 ± 1.5 kg/m²), overweight (n = 20; BMI 28 ± 1.5 kg/m²), or obese (n = 10; BMI 34 ± 2.0 kg/m²). The analytical framework included: (i) one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni correction; (ii) Pearson correlation analysis; (iii) principal component analysis (PCA) performed on the lipid profile itself with amino acid projection vectors; (iv) K-means clustering based on lipid phenotype (K = 3); (v) Ward-linkage hierarchical clustering of the amino acid–lipid correlation matrix; (vi) Random Forest permutation importance for all four lipid outcomes; and (vii) composite lipid risk indices including atherogenic index (TG/HDL-C) and non-HDL cholesterol. Results: A distinct amino acid correlation pattern was observed for each of the four lipid fractions. Triglycerides (TG) correlated most strongly with glutamic acid (r = 0.58) and inversely with glutamine (r = −0.58). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) correlated most strongly with glutamic acid (r = −0.61) and serine (r = 0.49). The strongest correlates of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were phenylalanine (r = 0.56) and leucine (r = 0.56), and those of total cholesterol (TC) were leucine (r = 0.63) and, inversely, glycine (r = −0.54). The atherogenic index (TG/HDL-C) increased 2.9-fold from normal to obese and was most strongly correlated with glutamic acid, isoleucine, and glycine. In the multivariable models the amino acid panel accounted for a modest share of the variance in TG (adjusted R² = 0.43; F(19,30) = 2.97, p = 0.004) and HDL-C (adjusted R² = 0.35; F(19,30) = 2.40, p = 0.016). For LDL-C and TC the adjusted R² values were close to zero (0.06 for both) and the overall models were not statistically significant (both p > 0.33); no interpretable amino acid signal was therefore present for these two fractions, and no predictors are reported for them. Lipid-based K-means clustering identified three lipid-phenotype clusters (Favorable, Intermediate, Adverse lipid profiles) with differences in amino acid z-scores. Conclusions: In this exploratory pilot cohort, lipid dysregulation in abnormal BMI was associated with two partially separable amino acid axes: a glutamic acid–glutamine axis (TG and partially HDL-C), and a glycine–serine putatively protective pattern opposing all atherogenic lipid parameters. These findings extend the established BCAA–insulin-resistance paradigm and suggest that targeted amino acid profiling—particularly for glutamic acid, leucine, glycine, and serine—may serve as a way of discovering candidate biomarkers for further study for dyslipidemia in individuals with abnormal BMI. Full article

Sea cucumbers exhibit rapid recovery of all organs and the body following various injuries, making them highly promising models for investigating the mechanisms of self-regeneration. This study provides the first comprehensive comparative analysis of DNase activities in both homogenates and highly stable multiprotein complexes isolated from five distinct organs—gut, respiratory trees, body wall, gonads, and coelomic fluid—of the sea cucumber Paracaudina chilensis. Using in situ zymography following SDS-PAGE with copolymerized polymeric DNA, we systematically profiled the molecular weights, optimal pH values, and metal ion dependencies of DNases across these tissues and their corresponding stable complexes (1.2–1.8 MDa). Our results reveal that each organ possesses a unique DNase repertoire, with at least 25 distinct enzymatic species identified on the basis of molecular masses (~19, 23, 30, 35, 50, 100, 130, and 150 kDa) and pH optima ranging from 4.5 to 9.5. Notably, the gut homogenate contained the greatest diversity of DNases, whereas the respiratory tree and coelomic fluid complexes harbored highly active enzymes that were undetectable in the corresponding homogenates, indicating selective enrichment during complex assembly. Most DNases were Mg²⁺-dependent, with optimal MgCl₂ concentrations between 5 and 10 mM; however, two metal-independent DNases (~50 and ~100 kDa) were identified exclusively in respiratory tree complexes, and their activity was strongly enhanced by EDTA, suggesting suppression by endogenous metal ions. Additionally, Ca²⁺-activated DNases (~19 and ~23 kDa) were found in complexes from body wall, gonads, and coelomic fluid. Several DNases with high relative activity in the complexes were not reliably detected in the corresponding tissue homogenates, whereas some abundant homogenate enzymes were absent from the complexes. This implies that the formation of these supramolecular assemblies is not random but rather involves the specific recruitment of low-abundance enzymes, potentially concentrating them to achieve high local activity for organ-specific functions. The gut, which undergoes complete regeneration after evisceration, contained the most varied set of DNases, hinting at a possible role in DNA metabolism during tissue renewal. Thus, we have shown for the first time that the multiprotein complexes from different organs of the sea cucumber differ not only in molecular weight and protein/peptide composition but also in the number and types of DNases they contain. We propose that in each organ of the sea cucumber, a specific multiprotein complex is formed, which may be necessary to perform additional extended functions of this complex beyond those of canonical individual proteins, peptides, and enzymes. Full article

Ribonucleoprotein granules such as processing bodies (P-bodies) and stress granules (SGs) are membrane-less organelles that regulate mRNA metabolism through liquid–liquid phase separation. UBAP2L drives SG assembly and can bridge P-bodies with SGs, yet how it is mobilized between these compartments remains unclear. Here, using co-immunoprecipitation, GST pull-down, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout, and immunofluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate that CCHCR1 directly binds UBAP2L and that this interaction is dynamically regulated by stress intensity. Under mild oxidative stress, CCHCR1 retains UBAP2L in P-bodies; as stress intensifies, this interaction weakens, permitting UBAP2L release for SG assembly. CCHCR1 deficiency aberrantly traps UBAP2L in P-bodies via enhanced DDX6 association, resulting in defective SG assembly, delayed maturation, and increased P-body–SG fusion. These findings establish CCHCR1 as a stress-responsive switch that controls UBAP2L partitioning between P-bodies and stress granules, thereby controlling the threshold and kinetics of SG biogenesis. Full article

Biomolecular condensates are dynamic membraneless organelles composed of proteins and RNAs that assemble through multivalent interactions and provide cells with powerful means to regulate gene expression in space and time. Different epitranscriptomic marks such as m⁶A, m¹A, and m⁵C can reshape RNA structure—binding interfaces and multivalency and, in this manner, tuning which transcripts nucleate or partition into specific condensates and influencing their material state. This review summarizes how individual RNA modifications and their associated proteins regulate the formation and function of BMCs such as stress granules, P-bodies, nuclear bodies and disease-linked condensates in cancer and neurodegeneration. It highlights emerging concepts of combinatorial “epitranscriptomic codes” and bidirectional feedback between condensates and RNA-modifying enzymes and discusses the current experimental and technical gaps that still limit our understanding of modification crosstalk and condensate topology. Full article

Paramarasmius mesosporus is a wild edible mushroom with a strong aroma and high culinary value, capable of growing at temperatures up to 36 °C. However, its domestication system and the genetic basis of its sexual reproduction remain largely unexplored. In this study, fresh fruiting bodies of P. mesosporus were collected from the rhizosphere of Imperata spp. in saline–alkali land in Hebei Province, China. The species was successfully domesticated for the first time, and fruiting bodies were harvested 7–10 days after spawning. A chromosome-level genome of the monokaryotic strain ‘Q2’ was assembled using whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome analysis, and Hi-C technology, with a total size of 46.57 Mb that was anchored onto 11 pseudochromosomes at a mounting rate of 95.18%. The mating-type system was identified as a typical tetrapolar heterothallic type, with the MAT A and MAT B loci located on chromosomes 2 and 10, respectively. The MAT A locus encodes HD1, HD2, MIP, and β-fg, among which tr-HD1 was found to be pseudogenized due to domain truncation. The MAT B locus comprises seven pheromone receptor genes and seven pheromone precursor genes arranged in an interspersed pattern. Based on these genomic features, a preliminary MAPK signaling pathway model was proposed to elucidate the molecular regulation of sexual reproduction. This study achieved the first artificial domestication and cultivation of P. mesosporus. systematically elucidated genomic characteristics and mating-type molecular mechanisms of this species were systematically elucidated, providing a theoretical foundation for hybrid breeding, molecular marker-assisted selection, and genetic improvement. These findings hold significant scientific and applied value for germplasm innovation and industrial development of this rare edible mushroom. Full article

In this paper, we reported a wild strain Z68, isolated from Tibet, was identified as Flammulina yunnanensis based on ITS sequence and phylogenetic analysis. Optimal condition for its mycelial growth (maltose, yeast extract, magnesium sulfate, 20 °C and pH 7.0–8.0) and fruiting ability was confirmed. Its fruiting bodies contained 25.1 g/100 g protein and 19.80 g/100 g of 16 amino acids, with iron, potassium and zinc, contents significantly higher than these in the controls F. fennae and F. velutipes. Significantly, whole-genome sequencing and comparative analysis of iron-metabolism gene families were performed between F. yunnanensis, F. fennae and F. velutipes to elucidate the basis of its notably elevated iron content, revealing most single copied and conserved iron-related gene families and two-fold expanded iron permease FTR1 in F. yunnanensi, which is the iron–sulfur cluster assembly protein family. Sequence, topology (DeepTMHMM), and structural-confidence (ColabFold/AlphaFold2) analyses of FTR1 identified six species-specified physicochemical substitutions, of which a charge reverse at the intracellular channel (Glu→Lys) and a polar-to-nonpolar change in the TM3 pore (Ser→Ala) were predicted to enhance iron transport efficiency. These suggested a possible two-tier mechanism underlying the elevated iron content of F. yunnanensis, combining gene-family expansion and predicted functional fine-tuning of the FTR1 permease. This study provided insight for biological characterization, domestication, and the molecular basis of iron enrichment in a F. yunnanensis Z68. Full article

Background: Local drug delivery can increase antitumor exposure while limiting systemic toxicity, but chemotherapy-only local treatment may not fully control residual tumor growth in immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. This study aimed to develop and preliminarily evaluate ffky-antiCD3, a CD3-recognition peptide-functionalized self-assembling peptide platform for intratumoral doxorubicin (DOX) delivery. Methods: The Nap aromatic group in a previous Nap-ffky scaffold was removed to improve aqueous dispersibility, and the CD3-recognition sequence AKMGEGGWGANDY was introduced to generate ffky-antiCD3. The peptide/formulation was characterized by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, TEM, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and a preliminary in vitro DOX release assay under tumor-mimicking acidic conditions. Antitumor efficacy, tumor histopathology, image-based CD3/CD8 semi-quantification, splenic IFN-γ levels, serum biochemistry, organ coefficients, and major-organ histology were assessed after repeated intratumoral treatment in B16-F10 melanoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice. Results: ffky-antiCD3 formed assemblies with a β-sheet-rich secondary structure. TEM observation further showed heterogeneous irregular/network-like supramolecular assemblies, and the preliminary release assay suggested slower apparent DOX release from ffky-antiCD3/DOX than from free DOX at pH 6.5. Among the tested groups, ffky-antiCD3/DOX produced the strongest short-term tumor-growth inhibition and the lowest endpoint tumor weight during the 10-day observation period. Ki67 staining decreased, and TUNEL signals increased after ffky-antiCD3/DOX treatment, supporting reduced proliferation and enhanced apoptosis-related damage. CD3/CD8 staining and exploratory splenic IFN-γ measurements indicated preliminary immune-related changes associated with ffky-antiCD3-containing formulations. Body weight, organ weights, serum biochemical markers, and major-organ H&E staining revealed no obvious short-term toxicity signals under the tested regimen. Conclusions: ffky-antiCD3/DOX represents a candidate local peptide-based chemo-immunomodulatory formulation. Its immune mechanism, release behavior, biodistribution, and long-term efficacy and safety require further validation before strong mechanistic or translational claims are made. Full article

Background and Objectives: Exoskeletons may be useful in preventing musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical and subjective effects of a passive shoulder exoskeleton during overhead assembly work in a real-world automotive manufacturing environment. Materials and Methods: Sixteen workers performing overhead assembly tasks participated in this study. Muscle activity, joint angles, and joint reaction forces were compared between the No Exo and Exo conditions during overhead work. Muscle activity was measured using surface electromyography (EMG), upper-body kinematics were captured using inertial measurement units (IMUs), and shoulder joint torques and reaction forces were estimated using the AnyBody musculoskeletal modeling system. Additionally, user satisfaction was assessed through a questionnaire. Results: Comparison of biomechanical outcomes between the No Exo and Exo conditions showed that the Exo condition significantly reduced anterior and lateral deltoid activities by approximately 15.2% and 11.1%, respectively, and reduced glenohumeral joint reaction force by 115.24 N (all p < 0.05). Participants also reported lower physical workload (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The study results suggest that wearing an exoskeleton during overhead work may reduce shoulder muscle loading and improve biomechanical indicators associated with shoulder loading. Full article

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of implant–abutment connection design, implant diameter, and simulated marginal bone loss on fracture resistance and failure patterns of dental implant systems. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 implant–abutment assemblies were tested, including Morse taper (MT) and internal hex (IH) connections with diameters of 3.5, 4.0, and 5.0 mm. Implants were embedded at two simulated bone levels (0 and 3 mm) and loaded at 30° until failure, in accordance with ISO 14801:2015. Fracture resistance (N) was analyzed using three-way ANOVA. Results: Connection type, implant diameter, bone level, and their interactions significantly affected fracture resistance (p < 0.001). Internal hex implants showed a marked diameter-dependent increase in resistance and greater reduction under simulated bone loss, particularly in reduced diameters. In contrast, Morse taper implants demonstrated similar resistance values regardless of implant diameter or bone level. Failure patterns also differed between systems: internal hex implants exhibited cervical implant fractures in reduced diameters, whereas Morse taper implants showed progressive abutment deformation and/or abutment fracture without implant body fracture. Conclusions: Implant fracture resistance is strongly influenced by implant–abutment connection geometry. Within the limitations of this static in vitro study, MT systems demonstrated diameter-independent mechanical stability and prosthetic-controlled failure patterns, whereas IH systems were highly sensitive to diameter reduction and simulated bone loss. Full article

Traditional enzyme immobilization strategies often rely on chemical crosslinkers or solid carriers, thereby increasing processing complexity and potentially compromising catalytic efficiency. Here, we present a carrier-free approach for generating stable biocatalytic particles by exploiting the intrinsic aggregation behavior of four phylogenetically distinct AA10 LPMO homologues (Kpap_p40, Kari_p40, Alip_p40, and Psuf_p40) as scaffolds for catalytically active inclusion bodies (CatIBs) in Escherichia coli. Each AA10 variant was genetically fused to either mCherry or a thermostable Bacillus α-amylase (BacAmy) and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3), resulting in the predominant formation of insoluble protein inclusion bodies (IBs). Protein partitioning was quantified by SDS–PAGE densitometry, intracellular localization by confocal microscopy, particle size and morphology by dynamic light scattering and FESEM, and secondary structure by FTIR spectroscopy. All variants assembled into submicron, structured aggregates with hydrodynamic diameters ranging from 620 to 824 nm and were enriched in α-helical and β-sheet secondary structure, consistent with the formation of structured aggregates rather than extensive amorphous misfolding. mCherry IBs retained fluorescence and displayed polar localization in vivo, while BacAmy CatIBs exhibited maximal catalytic activity at 80 °C, maintained substantial activity up to 95 °C, and demonstrated broad pH tolerance with pronounced pH stability from a slightly acidic to a mild alkaline range. FTIR analysis showed that BacAmy CatIBs contained 47–54% α-helical structure, while mCherry IBs contained 42–45% α-helical structure, indicating the preservation of partially native protein conformations within the aggregated state. Differences among variants influenced particle size, dispersity, and aggregate morphology. These findings demonstrate the potential of AA10 LPMO domains as versatile structural modules for engineering thermostable, carrier-free biocatalysts and provide a foundation for expanding their application beyond oxidative polysaccharide cleavage toward sustainable enzyme material design. Full article

Early-life dietary transition is a critical window for gut microbiota assembly and intestinal maturation in squabs. This study compared the overall artificial-feeding system using a lactic acid bacteria-fermented diet (AF) with a parent-feeding system (PF) during 18–25 days of age. Because AF differed from PF in both diet exposure and feeding ecology, including manual feeding, absence of parental feeding and crop milk, altered feeding rhythm, and potential loss of parental microbial transmission, the objective was to characterize associations between the two systems rather than to isolate the effect of fermentation alone. Squabs were assigned to AF or PF for 7 days. Microbial communities in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and rectum were profiled by 16S rRNA sequencing, and body size traits, organ indices, jejunal morphology, muscle histology, serum biochemical indicators, and muscle composition were assessed. The AF system, characterized by lower pH, a higher acid value, and detectable lactic acid bacteria in the feed, was associated with higher alpha diversity in multiple segments and distinct beta-diversity profiles relative to PF. Across intestinal regions, lactobacilli-related genera were enriched, with Limosilactobacillus consistently identified as the most discriminant genus and, together with Lactobacillus, occupying central positions in exploratory co-occurrence networks. AF was also associated with a greater jejunal villus height and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, larger muscle fiber dimensions, higher intramuscular fat content with increased levels of selected polyunsaturated fatty acids, altered lipid-related serum indicators, and higher organ indices, including the bursa of Fabricius. PICRUSt2 further suggested differences in predicted functional potential related to carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid, and cofactor/vitamin metabolism, although these outputs represent inference from 16S data rather than directly measured functions. Collectively, the AF system was associated with a lactobacilli-centered, tract-wide microbial signature and coordinated intestinal, muscular, and lipid-related phenotypes in squabs, but the findings should not be interpreted as evidence for fermentation alone. Full article

To understand how habitat heterogeneity drives fungal community assembly in different habitats of the pied avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta), we analyzed four habitat types (water bodies, aquatic plants, soil, and nest sediments) using high-throughput sequencing. A total of 9980 ASVs (Amplicon Sequence Variants) were detected, with only 68 shared across all habitats, indicating strong community differentiation. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota dominated (50–60% relative abundance), reflecting fungal adaptability to wetlands. Water bodies showed significantly higher alpha diversity than aquatic plants and nest sediments. Beta diversity and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) revealed closer similarity in fungal composition between water and aquatic plant communities, whereas soil and nest sediments formed distinct clusters. PERMANOVA based on binary Jaccard distances further confirmed that habitat type explained 10.9% of the variation in fungal community structure (R² = 0.109, p = 0.001). LEfSe (LDA Effect Size) identified habitat-specific indicator taxa, supporting niche filtering and competitive exclusion as selection mechanisms. The co-occurrence network was dominated by positive correlations, suggesting metabolic complementarity that maintains ecosystem stability. Unclassified fungi accounted for 18–22% of communities, representing untapped fungal resources. These findings support that habitat heterogeneity governs multi-media fungal assembly, revealing how microhabitat conditions regulate fungal composition, diversity, and interactions. This study provides a theoretical basis for biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration in avocet habitats. Full article

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasingly recognized during adolescence and exhibits sex-specific characteristics. Its prevalence in late adolescent females is around 10% in the general population and exceeds 30% in obesity. Genetic variants in PNPLA3, MBOAT7, and MARC1 modulate hepatic fat accumulation and liver injury in adults, but evidence in adolescent females remains limited. This study examined MASLD-related variants (PNPLA3 rs738409, MBOAT7 rs641738, MARC1 rs2642438) in relation to metabolic and immune-inflammation indices in a late-adolescent female cohort. A cross-sectional analysis was performed in a prospectively assembled female cohort (n = 150; age 16–19 years). Ultrasound-defined MASLD prevalence was 16.7%. Although genotype-wise differences did not reach statistical significance, MASLD prevalence was directionally higher among PNPLA3 G- and MBOAT7 T-allele carriers, while a non-uniform, directionally favorable pattern was observed for the MARC1 A allele. Nominal, unadjusted differences were observed for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) across MBOAT7 genotypes. Cumulative risk-allele burden analyses identified nominal trends for triglycerides (K-W p = 0.05; J-T p = 0.014) and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index (K-W p = 0.034; J-T p = 0.008), which were not retained after adjustment for age and body mass index. Overall, these findings indicate modest, exploratory genotype-related patterns in metabolic and hematological immune-inflammation indices within a relatively healthy, late-adolescent female population. TyG and SII exhibited substantial inter-individual variability but did not demonstrate independent predictive value. Larger, longitudinal studies with advanced imaging are required to clarify the role of genetic variation and simple hematological metabolic-inflammation indices in early MASLD risk assessment in adolescent females. Full article

Hybrid transmission, as the power core of hybrid vehicles, has a whining problem which affects the driving experience seriously. It is of great engineering value to carry out Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) research. In this paper, a combined methodology of finite element simulation, multi-body dynamics analysis, and real-vehicle experiment is adopted to improve the whine of the hybrid transmission. Firstly, a finite element model of the DHT assembly is established, with the frequency deviation between modal simulation and test being less than 5%, meeting the accuracy requirements. Through real-vehicle tests in electric vehicle (EV) mode, the 8th and 24th orders are identified as the key whine orders, and the deviation between simulation and test for the noise of these relevant orders is ≤5 dB(A). The research clarifies that the coupling resonance between the local modes of the upper and lower cover plates of the DHT and the excitations of the P3 motor is the core mechanism leading to the whine, and the motor control unit (MCU) is confirmed as the main noise emission source. Notably, the weak structural stiffness of the MCU lower cover plate is the critical inducing factor. To address this, three support blocks are added at the center of the MCU lower cover plate for structural reinforcement. After optimization, the 8th-order vibration is reduced by an average of approximately 35 dB in the speed range above 3500 rpm, and the 24th-order vibration is decreased by an average of about 20 dB within the range of 1000–1500 rpm. Specifically, the 24th-order noise near 1300 rpm is reduced by around 13 dB, and the 8th-order noise above 3500 rpm is fully suppressed. The increasing trend of noise with rising speed is significantly curbed, and the overall NVH performance of the vehicle is greatly improved. Full article

Mutations in an RNA-binding protein FUS are known to cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Since this discovery, mutations in several other RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have also been linked to ALS. Some of these ALS-associated RBPs have been shown to colocalize with ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules such as stress granules and processing bodies (p-bodies). Increasing evidence has emerged supporting a hypothesis that the impaired clearance, inappropriate assembly, and dysregulation of RNP granules play a role in ALS. Through the genome-scale overexpression screening of a yeast model of FUS toxicity, we found that TAF15, a human RBP with a similar protein domain structure and belonging to the same FET protein family as FUS, suppresses FUS toxicity in yeast. The suppression by TAF15 is specific to FUS and not found in other yeast models of neurodegenerative disease-associated proteins. We showed that the RNA recognition motif (RRM) of TAF15 is required for its suppression of FUS toxicity. Furthermore, FUS and TAF15 physically interact, and the C-terminus of TAF15 is required for both the physical protein–protein interaction and its protection against FUS toxicity. Finally, while FUS induces and colocalizes with both stress granules and p-bodies, TAF15 only induces and colocalizes with p-bodies. Importantly, the co-expression of FUS and TAF15 induces more p-bodies than individually expressing each gene alone, and FUS toxicity is exacerbated in yeast that is deficient in p-body formation. Overall, our findings suggest a role of increased p-body formation in the suppression of FUS toxicity by TAF15. Full article