Search Results (244)

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-captured images are easily affected by various degradations such as motion blur, noise, low illumination, haze, and raindrops in complex environments, and these degradations exhibit significant differences in the frequency domain. Existing all-in-one models typically operate in the spatial domain, making it difficult to effectively distinguish different degradation types, which leads to degradation interference and suboptimal restoration quality. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a degradation-aware prompt state space model for unified UAV image restoration. Specifically, we design a Prompt-Guided Mamba Block (PGMB) that injects dynamic degradation prompts into state space modeling, achieving differentiated global structure modeling. Meanwhile, we introduce an Adaptive Frequency Prompt Block (AFPB) that explicitly perceives frequency characteristics of diverse degradations and dynamically guides the reconstruction process via frequency-domain prompts, enabling collaborative restoration in both spatial and frequency domains. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing all-in-one approaches across multiple typical degradation tasks, significantly enhancing visual quality and robustness of UAV imagery. Full article

Objectives: Investigating and comparing the micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) of etch-and-rinse (ER) or self-etch (SE) adhesives on sound (s) and eroded (e) human (H) and bovine (B) dentin. Methods: Twenty-four human and bovine teeth were divided into eight groups (n = 6) and coronally ground down, exposing their dentin. Two groups of human (HeER + HeSE) and bovine teeth (BeER + BeSE) were subjected to erosive challenges (citric acid (pH 2.7), 10 × 2 min per day for five days, and stored in artificial saliva). Groups HsER + HeER and BsER + BeER were treated with an etch-and-rinse adhesive (OptiBond FL), and groups HsSE + HeSE and BsSE + BeSE were treated with a self-etch adhesive (OptiBond All-in-One), followed by buildups with a composite restorative material. After seven days of storage in tap water, µTBS was determined and failure type analysis was performed. Data were evaluated using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests at a level of significance of α = 0.05. Results: Using etch-and-rinse adhesive, sound human dentin (HsER) showed the significantly highest µTBS (p < 0.05) compared to eroded human (HeER) and sound and eroded bovine dentin (BsER + BeER). For sound human and bovine specimens (HsSE + BsSE), there was no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) in µTBS when self-etch adhesive was applied, as well as in the eroded specimens (HeSE + BeSE). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that for the etch-and-rinse approach, it is not recommended to substitute human dentin with bovine dentin. When using the specific self-etch adhesive used in the present study, bovine dentin can be used to substitute human dentin, as they showed comparable µTBS. Full article

Considering the rapid iteration of you-only-look-once (YOLO)-series algorithms, this paper aims to provide a data-driven performance spectrum and selection guide for the latest YOLO series algorithm (YOLOv8 to YOLOv13) in printed circuit board (PCB) automatic optical inspection (AOI) through systematic benchmarking. A comprehensive evaluation of the six state-of-the-art YOLO series algorithms is conducted on a standardized dataset containing six typical PCB defects: missing hole, mouse bite, open circuit, short circuit, spur, and spurious copper. An innovative dual-cycle comparative experiment (100 rounds and 500 rounds) is designed, and a systematic assessment is performed across multiple dimensions, including accuracy, efficiency, and inference speed. The experimental results have revealed significant variations in algorithm performance with training cycles: under short-term training (100 rounds), YOLOv13 achieves leading detection performance (mAP50 = 0.924, mAP50-95 = 0.484) with the fewest parameters (2.45 million); after full training (500 rounds), YOLOv10 achieves the highest overall accuracy (mAP50 = 0.946, mAP50-95 = 0.526); additionally, YOLOv11 shows the optimal speed-accuracy balance after long-term training, while YOLOv12 excels in short-term training; moreover, “open circuit” and “spur” are evaluated as the most challenging defect categories to detect. The findings given in this paper indicate the absence of a universally applicable “all-in-one” algorithm and propose a clear algorithm selection roadmap: YOLOv10 is recommended for offline analysis scenarios prioritizing extreme accuracy; YOLOv13 is the top choice for applications requiring rapid iteration with tight training time constraints; and YOLOv11 is the best option for high-throughput online inspection PCB production lines. Full article

Recent advances in electronics components such as microcontrollers and sensors, plus widespread availability of 3D printing, make it possible to construct all-in-one datalogger and control systems in purpose-built enclosures. In addition, microcontrollers can be easily reprogrammed for different purposes including environmental measurement and control of external devices. Since specific needs vary widely across agricultural systems, on-farm research often requires custom instrumentation and datalogging solutions. A custom-built all-in-one environmental measurement and control system (EMCS) was developed for animal health research studies. The system integrates an array of environmental sensors to detect and record luminosity, carbon dioxide and ammonia gas concentrations, dust particle counts, air speed, temperature, and humidity. The developed system is presented along with a case study where environment monitors were deployed to control ammonia and dust in controlled environment chambers for a six-week broiler health study. Full article

Field instruments are an emerging topic because they facilitate the extraction of qualitative and quantitative information from samples at a sampling site. This work focused on the development of an open-source potentiostat, analyzing the construction feasibility and quality of a lab-made device with an all-in-one design, low cost, good response, and portability, compared to expensive, commercial, laboratory-oriented devices. The design and development of the hardware, as well as the corresponding software, was considered, allowing the device to be expandable in the future through upgrades. Thus, an economical and portable functional prototype was developed, with good linear response and the capacity to perform, in this first approach, cyclic, square wave, and stripping voltammetry with a range and sweep speed between ±2.048 V and 1000 mV/s, respectively, with waveform frequencies up to 110 Hz and an accuracy of ±1 nA. Full article

Background/Objectives: Appropriate biomarkers are necessary for early diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In recent years, the clinical utility of circulating tumor cells (CTC) as biomarkers for various can-cers has been reported; however, their detection rate in PDAC remains low, and clinical evidence is not yet established. CTC detection methods with high reliability and per-formance are essential for clarifying the importance of CTC in patients with PDAC. Methods: A total of 5 mL peripheral blood samples were collected from 38 patients newly diagnosed with PDAC and 17 healthy controls. Negatively enriched cells were immunofluorescently stained with EpCAM-phycoerythrin and cell surface vi-mentin-fluorescein isothiocyanate (CSV). Images were automatically captured using an all-in-one fluorescence microscope. Cellular regions were detected from these images, and the average luminance of the cellular regions was calculated. A total of 9086 and 1071 cell images were obtained from patients with PDAC and healthy controls, respec-tively. Results: In the EpCAM assay, a threshold that included 95% of healthy individuals was optimal for distinguishing patients with PDAC from healthy controls, with a sensi-tivity, specificity, and area under the curve of 0.74, 0.76, and 0.84, respectively. At this threshold, the CTC-positivity rate in patients with PDAC was 76.3%. Conversely, the CSV assay failed to demonstrate a valid threshold to distinguish patients with PDAC from healthy controls. No significant differences were found between CTC and clini-copathological features among patients with PDAC. Conclusions: The method using high-resolution image scanning has the potential to identify CTC with greater objectiv-ity by quantifying cell luminance values. Full article

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), which results from mutations that disrupt the expression of dystrophin proteins, is characterized by progressive muscle fiber wasting and the development of skeletal muscle fibrosis. The severe pathology leads to loss of ambulation, respiratory insufficiency, cardiomyopathy, and early death in patients. Dystrophin-focused therapies based on adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-mediated gene addition, antisense oligonucleotide-induced repair of the transcript reading frame, and chemically driven stop codon readthrough have been conditionally approved for use in subsets of patients. From trials, it is apparent that these therapies act to stabilize the disease phenotype rather than improve it significantly, meaning that early treatment results in better outcomes. AAV-mediated delivery of a form of utrophin, a structural and functional homolog of dystrophin, GALGT2, a sarcolemmal stabilizer, and Klotho, the anti-aging hormone that is silenced in a mouse model of DMD as a result of the disease pathology, have been explored in preclinical compensatory gene addition studies. Recombinant follistatin protein has been used to target the fibrosis seen. An all-in-one type of therapy is likely to provide a synergistic effect such that efficacy of the dystrophin restoration strategy would be improved. For this, CRISPRa could hold potential through the targeting of multiple relevant genes simultaneously. The suitability of targeting these genes will be discussed, as will the stages of the development of CRISPRa for DMD. A perspective on the future prospects of CRISPRa in relation to likely issues that would need addressing and how they may be overcame will be given. Full article

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prime target for genome-editing therapy as its E6 and E7 oncogenes are crucial for cancer development and maintenance. A key challenge in CRISPR/Cas9 therapy is the off-target effects. This study utilized a double-nicking technique to introduce DNA breaks in the E6 and E7 regions of HPV16. From 146 gRNA candidates, 16 double-nicking pairs were selected. Multiple combinations of double-nicking (DN)-gRNA pairs were delivered to HPV16-positive cells via lentiviruses, followed by Cas9 nickase (Cas9n) expression. Combinations of 3–4 DN-gRNA pairs effectively killed HPV16-positive cells while sparing HPV-negative cells. Off-target effects were reduced by nearly three orders of magnitude. An “all-in-one” adenovirus (AdV) system expressing four gRNA pairs and Cas9n showed promise in inhibiting tumor growth in HPV16-positive cancer models, demonstrating its potential as a safe and effective treatment for HPV-induced tumors. Full article

The development of vaccines against many infectious diseases has been a great success of medical science over the last century. However, despite numerous efforts, effective vaccines for herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) remain elusive. Since 1920s, a range of therapeutic vaccine candidates, primarily focusing on neutralizing antibodies, have failed to confer robust and durable protective immunity against recurrent herpes. Recent advances in omics, artificial intelligence, and deep learning have opened new horizons for the rational design of tissue-targeted herpes vaccine strategies for inducing potent and durable HSV-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T_RM cell immunity at both the sensory ganglia (central immunity), the site of latency/reactivation cycle, and the mucocutaneous epithelial tissues (peripheral immunity), the site of viral replication that causes herpetic lesions. Prime/Pull/Keep ocular and genital herpes vaccine candidates (PPK vaccines) have recently shown success in pre-clinical animal model trials of recurrent ocular and genital herpes. These PPK vaccines used “asymptomatic” epitopes/antigens to prime CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells (Prime); primed T cells are then pulled towards the infected central and peripheral epithelial tissues using T cell-attracting chemokines, such as CXCL11 (Pull), followed by survival cytokines (IL-2, IL-7 and/or IL-15) or mucosal chemokines (CXCL17 and/or CCL28) to maintain the “pulled” tissue-resident T cells longer within infected tissues (Keep). We discuss recent efforts in designing a clinically adapted, all-in-one PPK mucosal therapeutic vaccine that would require a single administration to sequentially trigger all three PPK steps of priming, recruiting, and maintaining antiviral, tissue-resident, protective T cells at the primary sites of viral entry and latency. Full article

Thanks to their low-cost, portability, and sustainability, microfluidic thread-based analytical devices (μTADs) are emerging as an attractive analytical platform for wearable biosensing. While several μTADs, mainly based on colorimetric and electrochemical detection methods, have been developed, achieving the needed sensitivity and accuracy for these biosensors continues to present a significant challenge. Prompted by this need we investigated for the first time the implementation of chemiluminescence (CL) as a detection technique for μTADs. Exploiting the lactate oxidase-catalyzed reaction coupled with the enhanced luminol/H₂O₂/horseradish peroxidase CL system, we developed a cotton-thread-based chemiluminescent device enabling the detection of lactate with a limit of detection of 0.25 mM in a 2 µL volume of artificial sweat at pH 6.5 within 3 min. The use of recycled grape skin as support made the device sustainable, while the smartphone detection allowed a simple and quantitative readout for the end-user. Using a smartphone as a detector, the analytical performance was evaluated in different conditions and in the presence of potential interferents, showing suitability for monitoring lactate levels in physiological conditions, such as for monitoring anaerobic thresholds in endurance training. Full article

Galectin-3 is a multifunctional protein that is associated with diseases of the chorioretinal interface, in which the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays a central role in disease development and progression. Since galectin-3 can function extracellularly as well as intracellularly via different mechanisms, we developed an immortalized human RPE cell line (ARPE-19) with a knockdown for galectin-3 expression (ARPE-19/LGALS3^+/−) using a sgRNA/Cas9 all-in-one expression vector. By Western blot analysis, a reduced galectin-3 expression of approximately 48 to 60% in heterozygous ARPE-19/LGALS3^+/− cells was observed when compared to native controls. Furthermore, ARPE-19/LGALS3^+/− cells displayed a flattened, elongated phenotype with decreased E-cadherin as well as enhanced N-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin mRNA expression, indicating an epithelial–mesenchymal transition of the cells. Compared to wildtype controls, ARPE-19/LGALS3^+/− cells had significantly reduced metabolic activity to 86% and a substantially decreased proliferation to 73%. Furthermore, an enhanced cell adhesion and a diminished migration of immortalized galectin-3 knockdown RPE cells was observed compared to native ARPE-19 cells. Finally, by Western blot analysis, reduced pAKT, pERK1/2, and β-catenin signaling were detected in ARPE-19/LGALS3^+/− cells when compared to wildtype controls. In summary, in RPE cells, endogenous galectin-3 appears to be essential for maintaining the epithelial phenotype as well as cell biological functions such as metabolism, proliferation, or migration, effects that might be mediated via a decreased activity of the AKT, ERK1/2, and β-catenin signaling pathways. Full article

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing offers mask-free, high-resolution deposition across a broad range of ink viscosities, yet combining void-free filling of high-aspect-ratio through-glass vias (TGVs) with ultrafine drop-on-demand (DOD) line printing on the same platform requires balancing conflicting requirements: for example, high field strengths to drive ink into deep and narrow vias; sufficiently high ink viscosity to prevent gravity-induced leakage; and stable meniscus dynamics to avoid satellite droplets and charge accumulation on the glass surface. By coupling electrostatic field analysis with transient level-set simulations, we establish a dimensionless regime map that delineates stable cone-jetting regime; these predictions are validated by high-speed imaging and surface profilometry. Operating within this window, the platform achieves complete, void-free filling of 200 µm × 1.52 mm TGVs and continuous 10 µm-wide traces in a single print pass. Demonstrating its capabilities, we fabricate transparent Ku-band substrate-integrated waveguide antennas on borosilicate glass: the printed vias and arc feed elements exhibit a reflection coefficient minimum of −18 dB at 14.2 GHz, a −10 dB bandwidth of 12.8–16.2 GHz, and an 8 dBi peak gain with 37° beam tilt, closely matching full-wave predictions. This physics-driven, all-in-one EHD approach provides a scalable route to high-performance, glass-integrated RF devices and transparent electronics. Full article

Acoustic coupling agents serve as critical interfacial materials connecting piezoelectric transducers with microfluidic chips in acoustofluidic systems. Their performance directly impacts acoustic wave transmission efficiency, device reusability, and reliability in biomedical applications. Considering the rapidly growing body of research in the field of acoustic microfluidics, this review aims to serve as an all-in-one reference on the role of acoustic coupling agents and relevant considerations pertinent to acoustofluidic devices for anyone working in or seeking to enter the field of disposable acoustofluidic devices. To this end, this review seeks to summarize and categorize key aspects of acoustic couplants in the implementation of acoustofluidic devices by examining their underlying physical mechanisms, material classifications, and core applications of coupling agents in acoustofluidics. Gel-based coupling agents are particularly favored for their long-term stability, high coupling efficiency, and ease of preparation, making them integral to acoustic flow control applications. In practice, coupling agents facilitate microparticle trapping, droplet manipulation, and biosample sorting through acoustic impedance matching and wave mode conversion (e.g., Rayleigh-to-Lamb waves). Their thickness and acoustic properties (sound velocity, attenuation coefficient) further modulate sound field distribution to optimize acoustic radiation forces and thermal effects. However, challenges remain regarding stability (evaporation, thermal degradation) and chip compatibility. Further aspects of research into gel-based agents requiring attention include multilayer coupled designs, dynamic thickness control, and enhancing biocompatibility to advance acoustofluidic technologies in point-of-care diagnostics and high-throughput analysis. Full article

Background/Objectives: Gliomas, including the most aggressive subtype—glioblastoma multiforme, are brain tumors with an unfavorable prognosis and high mortality. Early diagnosis is essential to improve treatment efficacy. Positron emission tomography PET with O-(2-[¹⁸F] fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ([¹⁸F]FET) has been supported by clinical studies for its role in diagnosis and monitoring the disease. However, the low availability of [¹⁸F]FET in Italy has limited its use in clinical praxis. This study describes the technological transfer of the radiopharmaceutical IASOglio^® (the commercial [¹⁸F]FET developed by Curium Pharma in Italy), with the aim of improving national access to this advanced diagnostic technology. Methods: Three consecutive batches were produced using the automated Trasis AllinOne module, and quality control was performed, including chemical and microbiological tests, to successfully validate the production process. Additionally, the stability of the radiopharmaceutical for its entire shelf life has been demonstrated with stability testing at 14 h after end of synthesis (EOS). Results: The production of [¹⁸F]FET achieved a non-corrected yield between 49% and 52%, with a corrected decay rate ranging from 73% to 79%. The process met the required quality specifications, including bio-burden control and filter integrity. The technological transfer was successfully completed, and production authorization was obtained from the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) for the Officina Farmaceutica of Institute of Clinical Physiology of the National Research Council (CNR-IFC) located in Pisa. Conclusions: Local production of [¹⁸F]FET in Italy marks a milestone in glioma diagnosis, thereby contributing to timely treatment and improved clinical outcomes. Full article

Fiber-shaped electrical heaters with high flexibility and excellent adaptability make an ideal candidate for the application of wearable electronics but still suffer from low strength and poor durability. Herein, an all-in-one Joule-heating fiber capable of outstanding mechanical properties, good heating efficiency, and long-term stability is reported by using polymer-assisted metal deposition to firmly coat Cu nanoparticles on high-performance liquid crystal polymer (LCP) fibers. Taking advantage of LCP, the resultant fibers exhibit a satisfying temperature threshold (up to 200 °C) and immense strength (2.94 GPa). By virtue of dense and continuous Cu film, these fibers show low electrical resistance (5.51 Ω/cm) and an ultrafast response rate (12.6 °C·s⁻¹) at low supplied voltages (0.5–3.5 V). Benefiting from the levodopa/polyethyleneimine interface design, such fibers maintain nearly constant resistance after repeatable bending, folding, and even washing (50 cycles). Based on the above-mentioned merits, a wearable patch with a Joule-heating function is knitted by using as-made fibers to offer therapeutic benefits for human body joints. This work demonstrates prospective potential for enriching the challenging applications of fiber-shaped electrical heating systems. Full article