When they dissolve in water, aldehydes become hydrated to gem-diols: R−COH+H2O↔RCH(OH)2. Such reactions can complicate air–water transport models. Because of a persistent belief that the gem-diols do not exist in the vapor phase, typ...
The HYDRUS unsaturated flow and transport model was modified to simulate the effects of non-linear air-water interfacial (AWI) adsorption, solution surface tension-induced flow, and variable solution viscosity on the unsaturated transport of per- and...
Understanding multiphase flow and gas transport occurring in electrodes is crucial for improving the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In the present study, a pore-scale model using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) was proposed to...
There is a growing need to implement modern technologies, such as digital twinning, to improve the efficiency of transport fleet maintenance processes and maintain company operational capacity at the required level. A comprehensive review of the exis...
Hot air drying (HAD) at temperatures below the spontaneous evaporation temperature could be combined with microwave (MW) radiation as a thermal energy source in order to reduce the drying time. A photon flux in the microwave range interacts with dipo...
The design of a gas diffusion layer (GDL) is an effective way to manage water transport, thus improving the performance of air-cooled fuel cells. In the present study, three group designs of GDL with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)—uniformly dop...
For low speed diesel engines under severe ocean conditions, high efficiency air–water separators must be equipped to separate excess moisture contained in the air and reduce the corrosion. Optimal design of air–water separator is an indis...
The current limitations of air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cells (AC-PEMFCs) in water and heat management remain a major obstacle to their commercialization. A 90 cm2 full-size AC-PEMFC multi-physical field-coupled numerical model was constr...
Experimental data for frictional pressure drop using both air–water and air–oil mixtures are reported, compared and used to evaluate predictive methods. The data were gathered using the 2-inch (54.8 mm) flow loop of the multiphase flow fa...
The air–water interface in flowing systems remains a challenge to model, even in cases where the interface is essentially flat. This is because even though each side is governed by the Navier–Stokes equations, the stress balance which provides the bo...
In a multidimensional two-phase flow analysis, bubble size significantly affects interfacial transfer terms such as mass, momentum, and energy. With regard to bubbly flow, the application of a simple correlation-type bubble size model presents certai...
This paper describes experiments on the ageing of a monolayer model for the air–water interface of marine aerosols composed of a typical glycolipid, galactocerebroside (GCB). Lipopolysaccharides have been observed in marine aerosols, and GCB is...
Due to the significant reduction in water droplet size caused by the strong air-water interaction in the spray nozzle, air-mist spray is one of the promising technologies for achieving high-rate heat transfer. This study numerically analyzed air-mist...
Seaplane operations connect remote areas, promote tourism, and provide unique transportation solutions. After many years of preparations, commercial seaplane operations on a network of 100 water airports and 200 waterways in Greece are about to comme...
The miniaturization of a gully for building drainage system is attempted by installing a streamlined bump in the discharge pipe to maintain the minimum water trap height of 50 mm. The hydrodynamic performances of the air–water flows with or without g...
Diameters for drainage stacks and vent lines within high-rise building drainage systems are determined by consulting building standard agencies’ design codes. While these are critical design decisions, codes are based upon dated research (1940s...
Substantial heat transfer enhancement can be achieved by cooling with air/water mist flow because of droplet impingement and liquid film/fragment evaporation on the heated surface, which leads to a high heat-removal rate. An experimental investigatio...
Photocatalysis has been considered future technology for green energy conversion and environmental purification, including carbon dioxide reduction, water splitting, air/water treatment, and antimicrobial purposes. Although various photocatalysts wit...
This study examines the effects of two representative colloid-sized clay particles (kaolinite, KGa-1b and montmorillonite, STx-1b) on the transport of formaldehyde (FA) in unsaturated porous media. The transport of FA was examined with and without th...
Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are an environmentally persistent group of chemicals that can pose an imminent threat to human health through groundwater and surface water contamination. In this review, we evaluate the subsurface beh...
31 August 2011
Manufactured nanomaterials (MNs) are commonly considered to be commercial products possessing at least one dimension in the size range of 10−9 m to 10−7 m. As particles in this size range represent the smaller fraction of colloidal particles characte...
Liquid-phase dispersion in a continuous flow bubble column was studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and different combinations of turbulence and biphasic models. The results were compared with the experimental data obtained by the stimulu...
Waves propagating on the water surface can be considered as propagating in a dispersive medium, where gravity and surface tension at the air–water interface act as restoring forces. The velocity at which energy is transported in water waves is define...
The cuttlebone, a chambered gas-filled structure found in cuttlefish, serves a crucial role in buoyancy control for the animal. This study investigates the motion of liquid-gas interfaces within cuttlebone-inspired artificial channels. The cuttlebone...
The prediction of deep-sea mining sediment plumes is essential for assessing and mitigating the environmental impacts on vulnerable deep-sea ecosystems. In this paper, the numerical simulation method is adopted to predict the sediment plume transport...
Water/oil separation from their mixture and emulsion has been a prominent topic in fundamental research and in practical applications. In this work, a smart superhydrophobic membrane (SHP) was obtained by dipping an off-the-shelf laboratory filter pa...
The erosion of the seabed in front of shoreline structures due to wave action is a critical concern. While previous models accurately depict fluid and sediment interactions, they each have limitations and require significant computational resources,...
In coastal dynamics, large-scale eddies transport and spread smaller turbulent vortices both towards the sea surface, thus contributing to the processes of air-water gas transfer, and towards the sea bottom, inducing sediment pick-up and resuspension...
In the present study, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used to investigate the roll decay of the benchmark surface combatant DTMB-5512 ship model appended with bilge keels, sailing in calm water at different speeds (Fr = 0.0, 0.138, 0.2, 0.28 an...
Microplastics (MPs) have emerged as a major pollutant in aquatic ecosystems, primarily originating from industrial activities and plastic waste degradation. Understanding their transport dynamics is crucial for assessing environmental risks and devel...
This work focuses on biohybrid systems—plants with biosensors and actuating mechanisms that enhance the ability of biological organisms to control environmental parameters, to optimize growth conditions or to cope with stress factors. Biofeedba...
Centrifugal pumps are widely used in the industry, especially in the oil and gas sector for fluids transport. Classically, these are designed to transfer single phase fluids (e.g., water) at high flow rates and relatively low pressures when compared...
Sea spray droplets play an important role in the momentum, heat and mass transfer in the marine atmospheric boundary layer. We have developed a new direct numerical simulation method to study the generation and transport mechanisms of spume droplets...
In the real world, active agents interact with surrounding passive objects, thus introducing additional degrees of complexity. The relative contributions of far-field hydrodynamic and near-field contact interactions to the anomalous diffusion of pass...
This study integrates surface renewal theory (SR) with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models to explore the estimation of sensible heat flux in tea plantations. SR describes the turbulent transport processes at the air–water interface and h...
Over the past decades, significant advances have been achieved in hydraulic structures for dams, namely in water release structures such as spillway weirs, chutes, and energy dissipators. This editorial presents a brief overview of the eleven papers...
15 April 2020
Distribution of pesticide residues in the environment and their transport to surface water bodies is one of the most important environmental challenges. Fate of pesticides in the complex environments, especially in aquatic phases such as lakes and ri...
The subsea jumper has become an essential part of subsea production systems as a gas–liquid mixing pipeline connecting the pipeline end manifold (PLEM) to the Christmas tree. During oil and gas transportation, as a common flow pattern, the alte...
The main aims of thin biofilm synthesis are to either achieve a new form to promote the transport of drugs in oral delivery systems or as a coating to improve the biocompatibility of the implant’s surface. In this study, the Langmuir monolayer...
Sweat is a natural body excretion produced by skin glands, and the body cools itself by releasing salty sweat. Wetness in the underarms and feet for long durations causes itchiness and an unpleasant smell. Skin-friendly reusable sweat pads could be u...
The turbulent boundary layer (TBL) over the hull surface of a water vehicle significantly elevates the drag force on the water vehicle. In this regard, effectively controlling the TBL can lead to a drag reduction (DR) effect and therefore improve the...
Wave deformation and sediment transport nearest the shoreside are among the main reasons for sand erosion and beach profile changes. In particular, identifying the areas of incident-wave breaking and longshore current generation parallel to the shore...
Transportation is generally perceived as a catalyst for economic development. This has been highlighted in previous studies. However, less attention has been paid to examine the relationship between economy and transport demand by exploring spatially...
Bacterial genera present in several areas of a pig farm were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing techniques. Samples were collected from the skin and feces of animals, as well as from surfaces, water, and air. The analyses revealed a strong cor...
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) are emerging contaminants of concern as they persist in natural environments due to their unique chemical structures. This paper critically reviewed the adsorption of PFOA and PFOS...
In this work, the oxygen transport and hydrodynamic flow of the PBS Vertical-Wheel MINI™ 0.1 bioreactor were characterized using experimental data and computational fluid dynamics simulations. Data acquired from spectroscopy-based oxygenation m...
The Tibetan Plateau (TP), atmosphere, and Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) together constitute a regional land–atmosphere–ocean water vapor transport system. This study uses remote sensing data, reanalysis data, and observational data to explore the spa...
This study investigates water–air coupled transport characteristics during ponded water infiltration in unsaturated sand columns through systematic laboratory experiments. The experiments considered three soil textures, two initial dry densitie...
Over the years, air lubrication technology has been widely applied to maritime vessels, demonstrating its significant energy-saving and emission-reducing effects. However, the application of this technology in inland waterway transportation faces uni...
A growing body of literature recognises the importance of nature-based solutions in providing resilience to the effects of climate change by mitigating urban heat islands. However, a knowledge gap exists regarding the contribution of blue spaces to t...
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