Search Results (10,192)

Slope instability in urban road corridors can generate cascading effects on mobility, road safety, infrastructure functionality, and local response systems. This study assessed perceived urban vulnerability to landslide-related instability along the Vía de Integración Barrial corridor in Loja, Ecuador, using a hazard sources–exposed elements–response capacity framework. A cross-sectional perception-based survey was administered to corridor users and nearby actors. From 506 collected responses, 432 valid questionnaires were retained after informed-consent and attention-check screening. Categorical and ordinal data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Wilson confidence intervals, grouped perception-based indicators, exploratory Spearman correlations, and selected chi-square contrasts with Cramér’s V. The results showed that perceived vulnerability was closely associated with visible signs of physical deterioration, including roadway cracking, pavement subsidence, soil or mud falls, and visible runoff or seepage. In addition, 81.5% of respondents perceived landslide-related disruption during the next rainy season as likely or very likely. The most frequently prioritized interventions were drainage improvement (62.3%), slope stabilization and retaining works (43.3%), and control of unwanted water inputs (41.2%). Institutional response was perceived as weak, slow, or mainly reactive by 80.3% of respondents, while low trust in reporting channels was reported by 54.9%; responses indicating lack of knowledge about the responsible institution or reporting channel were retained separately. Broad willingness to engage in community-based monitoring reached 89.4%. The exploratory bivariate analyses indicated a consistent pattern of positive associations among perceived disruption likelihood, mobility impact, road-safety concern, institutional response, and reporting trust, without implying formal validation of a latent multidimensional construct. This study provides an applied framework for incorporating user-based evidence into slope-risk management, corridor maintenance, road-safety planning, and resilience-oriented urban governance in mountainous cities. Full article

Background/Objectives: Contemporary health systems continue to face persistent challenges in financing, equity, and governance, particularly under conditions of limited resources, workforce shortages, and demographic pressures. While the World Health Organization calls for strengthening social participation to achieve universal health coverage, evidence suggests that such participation often remains largely symbolic. Existing global examples of social participation in health are limited either by their short duration of implementation or by their limited scope. In contrast, the experience of former Yugoslavia (1945–1991) represents a distinctive case. In the early post-war period, health reforms were directed towards the development of a decentralised, self-managed health system that emphasised universal coverage, participatory governance, social solidarity, and local autonomy. The trajectory of these reforms was further shaped by global economic and political pressures, including neoliberal trends, international debt, and the oil crises, which constrained resources and exposed systemic vulnerabilities. The so-called Yugoslav Experiment may offer an alternative to existing market-oriented and, at times, inefficient health systems. This review aims to synthesise evidence on the governance, financing, organisation, and outcomes of Yugoslavia’s self-managed health system and to evaluate its relevance to contemporary debates on health system resilience, decentralisation, participatory governance, equity, and sustainability. It examines power relations, stakeholder interests, and resource allocation, and assesses the lessons that the Yugoslav experience offers for contemporary debates on participatory governance and the sustainability of healthcare systems, while identifying areas of convergence, debate, and gaps in the existing scholarship. Methods: We conducted a systematic narrative review of peer-reviewed articles, book chapters, conference papers, and commentaries published in English or Bosnian–Croatian–Montenegrin–Serbian that covered the period 1945–1991. Scopus, PubMed, and EBSCOhost (including CINAHL Plus with full text, Medline and PsychInfo) were searched on 19 January 2026. Studies were included if they addressed health system reform, self-management, governance, financing, or institutional continuity. Contextual studies of selected services—primary care, mental health, reproductive health, and vaccination—were included only if they illuminated reform trajectories. Data synthesis focused on reform phases, institutional transformations, financing arrangements, governance mechanisms, and power relations, with particular attention to continuity, path dependence, and critical junctures. Given the heterogeneous and predominantly historical, analytical, and policy-oriented nature of the literature, we did not apply conventional study-design-specific risk-of-bias tools. Instead, we used an overarching framework to classify and contextualise the included evidence according to five dimensions: source type, nature of contribution, evidentiary role, temporal context, and health-system domain. The protocol was not registered. The study was financed by the Provincial Secretariat for Higher Education and Scientific Research, Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia. Results: The database searches yielded 265 records, of which 193 were selected for title and abstract screening after removing 72 duplicates. At this stage, 133 publications were excluded because they did not meet the eligibility criteria and 60 publications were selected for full-text review. Application of the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in 22 eligible publications. An additional 18 studies were identified through citation chaining and targeted Google Scholar searches. Twenty-two publications were coded as primary studies, directly examining health system reform, governance, or self-management, while 18 were classified as contextual studies addressing specialty areas. The analysis identified key reforms that followed the social participation, i.e., ‘self-management’, approach, which expanded primary care, preventive services, and local participation. It revealed institutional changes, as well as the role of power and health financing in health reforms aimed at strengthening social participation. Nonetheless, challenges—including bureaucratic and managerial elitism, unequal professional authority, resource scarcity, and tensions between market-oriented policies and social solidarity—were amplified by global economic forces and neoliberal trends, ultimately contributing to the system’s collapse by the late 1980s. This review was limited by its search strategy, the exclusion of grey literature, the potential omission or inaccessibility of relevant studies, and its focus on selected aspects of health reform, namely post-war recovery and self-management. Conclusions: The Yugoslav experience illustrates both the promise and the fragility of socially oriented, participatory health systems, demonstrating how international political alignments and global economic pressures can profoundly shape domestic health reform trajectories. Lessons from this case remain relevant to contemporary efforts to strengthen social participation for universal health coverage through designing sustainable, resilient, equitable, and socially accountable health systems under complex global conditions. Full article

Tower cranes are highly vulnerable to seismic excitation owing to their slender geometry and pronounced dynamic behaviour. Although carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials offer significant lightweight potential, and damping devices are widely adopted for seismic protection, their combined application to tower cranes has received limited attention. This study numerically investigates the seismic response of a rearing jib tower crane equipped with a CFRP jib and base joint dampers. A finite element model was developed and analysed under four critical operating configurations through static structural, modal and response spectrum analyses in accordance with the Italian Building Code (NTC 2018). The performance of the CFRP solution was compared with that of a conventional steel crane, while two damper configurations with different stiffness values were also assessed. The proposed lightweight design reduced the total crane mass by 34% and the jib weight by 77%. Compared with the steel configuration, the CFRP solution decreased static displacements by 38–56% and equivalent stresses by 22–44%. Under seismic loading, the adoption of joint dampers reduced the maximum equivalent stress by up to 35%, while increasing structural displacements by 5–19% because of the lower support stiffness. The results demonstrate that combining CFRP lightweight design with seismic damping devices effectively improves the earthquake performance of tower cranes while maintaining structural safety. Full article

Rainfed smallholder farming systems in semi-arid tropical climates are highly vulnerable to drought, threatening food security and rural livelihoods. This study evaluates drought variability, severity, and temporal periodicity from 1981 to 2021 across representative Sudano-Sahelian locations in the Centre-Est and Centre-Sud regions of Burkina Faso and the Upper East Region of Ghana. Monthly precipitation and temperature data were used to calculate the Standardized Precipitation–Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month timescales. Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) was applied to identify recurrent drought periodicities, while temporal trend analysis and spatial interpolation assessed spatiotemporal variability. Drought frequency (months with SPEI < −0.5) ranged from 6% to 35%, while the spatial frequency of prolonged drought episodes lasting at least four consecutive months ranged from 11% to 39%. Wavelet analysis revealed dominant drought cycles between 15 and 64 months, together with shorter intra-seasonal oscillations. Seasonal analysis showed that drought also occurs during the wet season, coinciding with critical crop growth stages. Wet-season drought occurrence was slightly higher than dry-season occurrence, highlighting the potential for moisture deficits during critical crop growth periods. Integrating multi-timescale drought monitoring with periodicity analysis into early-warning systems can strengthen drought preparedness and support climate-resilient agricultural management in semi-arid West Africa. Full article

Reducing the harm caused by natural disasters requires an accurate, defensible assessment of where social vulnerability is concentrated. Existing social vulnerability studies rely predominantly on conventional statistical techniques, such as principal component analyses and simple additive indices, and rarely derive indicator weights and an overall ranking within a single, internally consistent decision framework. This study addresses that gap by proposing a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model that combines hierarchical data envelopment analysis (H-DEA) with the reference ideal method (RIM). H-DEA objectively derives the relative importance of four dimensions and twelve indicators of social vulnerability directly from the data, avoiding the subjectivity inherent in expert-elicited weights, while RIM ranks alternatives against a decision-maker-defined reference ideal range rather than an extreme value, thereby mitigating the rank-reversal problem associated with conventional distance-based methods. The model is applied to 161 townships and districts in Taiwan using government-sourced mitigation data covering exposure, mitigation and preparedness, response capacity and recovery. The results show that recovery capacity—in particular, local public finance and social support—contributes most to social vulnerability, followed by mitigation and preparedness. The townships and districts of highest vulnerabilities are heavily concentrated in Pingtung County. A comparison against H-DEA alone, TOPSIS and VIKOR, using Spearman’s rank correlation, confirms the stability of the proposed ranking, while a comparison against an unweighted average demonstrates the practical value of objective weighting. The findings offer local governments and disaster-management authorities an evidence-based basis for prioritizing mitigation investment. Full article

Depression and other mental health problems are increasingly prevalent among university students, highlighting the need to identify psychological resources that support mental well-being and early prevention. Adaptive Insensitivity has recently been proposed as a potentially adaptive psychological resource; however, no validated instrument is currently available to assess this construct. This study developed and validated the Insensitivity Scale (IS) among Chinese university students and further examined the mediating role of rumination in the relationship between insensitivity and depressive symptoms. An initial item pool was generated through word association tasks, open-ended surveys, online text analysis, and semi-structured interviews, and the resulting dimensions were subsequently organized and interpreted within the ABC model. The psychometric properties of the IS were evaluated across multiple independent samples using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, reliability analyses, and validity assessments. The final 15-item IS comprised three dimensions, Emotional Cognitive Management, Interpersonal Boundary Management, and Behavioral Response Management, and demonstrated satisfactory structural validity, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and criterion-related validity. Insensitivity was positively associated with psychological resilience and regulatory emotional self-efficacy and negatively associated with emotional vulnerability, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Rumination partially mediated the relationship between insensitivity and depressive symptoms, accounting for 52% of the total effect. These findings provide preliminary evidence that insensitivity is associated with better mental health among university students and may represent a potentially complementary perspective on adaptive psychological functioning. The IS demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties for assessing individual differences in insensitivity and may facilitate further research on its role in psychological adaptation and mental health among university students. Full article

The Italian coastal zone is a dynamic and fragile environment that is characterized by high ecological vulnerability and subjected to strong anthropogenic pressures that significantly alter its natural morphology and environmental balance. In this scenario, port infrastructures represent about 35% of the Italian artificial coast and have a significant influence on coastal dynamics and seabed integrity. This study proposes a new methodology based on polygon-based mapping to calculate the spatial extent and distribution of the transformation areas associated with port development. This allows us to define a new specific indicator, named the Port Pressure Indicator, to assess the impact of port infrastructures. The proposed analysis highlights that port-related pressures on the marine-coastal zone are driven by two main factors: large-scale ports, which account for more than half of the total transformation areas, and a widespread network of minor ports, which are responsible for the systematic fragmentation of coastal continuity. By providing a standardized measurement of transformation areas, this approach supports coastal spatial planning and monitoring. Moreover, it provides a baseline for assessing spatial pressure and supporting integrated coastal zone management assessments. Full article

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has opened new frontiers in cybersecurity automation, enabling intelligent agents capable of multi-step reasoning, tool invocation, and autonomous decision-making across complex security tasks. While individual applications have emerged across threat intelligence, vulnerability assessment, penetration testing, and security operations center (SOC) automation, a systematic understanding of the LLM-based agent paradigm in cybersecurity—encompassing both single-agent and multi-agent architectures—remains lacking. This paper presents a systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines, identifying records through 59 structured web-search queries whose results resolve predominantly to arXiv, Semantic Scholar, the ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, USENIX, MDPI, SpringerLink, and Elsevier ScienceDirect, supplemented by citation chaining, for works published between January 2022 and April 2026; the full query record is published with the paper. We applied structured inclusion and exclusion criteria and classified 59 primary studies along five dimensions: security function, agent architecture pattern, knowledge augmentation strategy, human-in-the-loop posture, and evaluation rigor. Our analysis reveals that penetration testing and threat intelligence are the most extensively studied domains, while incident response and compliance verification remain critically underrepresented. Penetration testing alone accounts for over half the corpus (50.8%). Single-agent tool-calling remains the most prevalent architecture (30.5% of studies), whereas centralized multi-agent orchestration—present in 18.6%—yields the strongest reported performance gains, up to 4.3× on zero-day exploitation; prevalence and performance therefore point in opposite directions. No included study achieves production-grade (E4) evaluation: the entire field currently rests on controlled laboratory assessments. An independent search of six bibliographic databases recovers 86.3% of the studies the primary search had surfaced (79.7% of the full corpus) while indicating a total eligible literature of roughly 400 studies, so the corpus is reported as a documented subset rather than an exhaustive census. We propose a unifying taxonomy, identify cross-cutting challenges including hallucination, prompt injection, and benchmark fragmentation, and outline open research directions with particular emphasis on multi-agent orchestration design. Financial sector applicability under DORA and the EU AI Act is treated as a documented evidence gap rather than a synthesis: the corpus’s only compliance and risk assessment study is also its only banking-specific system. Full article

The present study assessed potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and microbial contamination in soil and groundwater around a municipal solid waste dumpsite in Zomba, Malawi. The potential ecological and health risks to communities were also examined. The results revealed that wet season groundwater had elevated total coliforms (20,900 CFU/100 mL), Escherichia coli (3300 CFU/100 mL), Staphylococcus aureus (2500 CFU/100 mL), and Vibrio cholerae (5900 CFU/100 mL), which were significantly higher than the permissible limits of the Malawi Standards. In water samples, PTEs, particularly cadmium (Cd; 0.011–0.08 mg/L) and chromium (Cr; 0.02–0.41 mg/L), were detected at concentrations of concern. In the soil samples, lead (Pb) concentrations ranged from 0.16 to 224.05 mg/kg, copper (Cu) concentrations ranged from 3.03 to 94.86 mg/kg, Cd concentrations varied between the BDL and 0.89 mg/kg, arsenic (As) ranged from BDL to 1.88 mg/kg, and the Cr varied between 0.07 and 0.91 mg/kg. Furthermore, the cancer risk (CR) assessment indicated that all sampling points had CR levels greater than 1 × 10⁻³ for adults, with 40% of the sampling points showing elevated CR levels for infants and children, highlighting the cancer risk from Cd exposure, especially among vulnerable populations. Full article

Desertification is a major environmental problem in drylands, resulting from the interaction between climatic and anthropogenic factors and involving processes such as vegetation loss and soil erosion. In northeastern Brazil, long-term land-use pressure has intensified the vulnerability of semi-arid landscapes, leading to severe degradation and reduced environmental resilience. Within this context, the Salitre River Basin (Bahia State) represents a particularly relevant area for investigating desertification, as it combines a history of intense human pressure and soil degradation with arid climatic conditions recently recognized through climatological assessments. This study investigates the micromorphological organization, hillslope dynamics, and environmental degradation of carbonate soils of the Salitre river basin, aiming to reconstruct pedogeomorphological evolution and identify indicators of desertification. A toposequence-based approach was applied using ten soil profiles distributed across sectors with contrasting erosion intensity. Soil horizons were characterized through field descriptions, physical and chemical analyses, and micromorphological observations of thin sections. Soils are predominantly eutrophic, carbonate-rich, shallow Calcisols, with very high CaCO₃ contents (500–900 g kg⁻¹), alkaline pH, and low total organic carbon. The spatial organization of profiles results from strong lithological and geomorphological controls, with well-developed horizons in stable sectors, whereas truncated and homogeneous profiles occur in areas affected by severe erosion. Micromorphological features, including planar and moldic voids, Fe–Mn nodules, calcite coatings, and needle calcite infillings, indicate active carbonate dissolution/redistribution processes under increasing seasonality and aridity (calcification). The coexistence of inherited dissolution and recent precipitation features suggests polyphasic pedogenesis linked to Holocene climatic oscillations. The preservation of well-developed needle-fiber calcite is consistent with prolonged water-deficit conditions, although its precise chronological significance remains unconstrained in the absence of direct dating. At landscape scale, these processes are associated with hillslope retreat and dense networks of linear erosion, defining a scenario of severe land degradation. Full article

Riverbank erosion threatens settlements, infrastructure, and river-dependent livelihoods along the Bassac River in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. This study examines long-term bankline change from 2001 to 2025 and develops expert-informed priorities for assessing livelihood vulnerability within the Can Tho reach. Six Landsat images were analysed in QGIS using the Linear Regression Rate method, while present-day hydraulic conditions were investigated through Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler measurements at five representative locations. An Analytic Hierarchy Process based on interviews with 10 experts was used to derive relative weights for livelihood sensitivity and adaptive-capacity indicators and variables. Accretion was more spatially extensive than erosion along both banks; however, the left bank experienced a greater total extent and magnitude of erosion. Spatially extensive erosion was identified in Binh Thuy, whereas more intense but localised hotspots occurred near Cai Rang and Cai Von. The exploratory hydraulic observations varied among the five selected locations but showed no consistent correspondence with historical erosion magnitude and are therefore interpreted only as a snapshot of conditions on the survey date. Experts assigned weights of 0.547 to sensitivity and 0.453 to adaptive capacity. Savings capacity, decreased food production, extent of land loss, and the ability to shift livelihoods were among the highest-ranked variables. The physical and expert-derived findings support a differentiated and staged approach to riverbank-risk management, but they should be interpreted as complementary evidence rather than as a household-level vulnerability assessment. Future research should combine repeated seasonal hydraulic and bathymetric surveys, bank-material investigations, exposed-asset mapping, and household-based vulnerability assessments. Full article

Background/Objectives: Evidence from repeated-measures studies examining denture use, subjective chewing difficulty, and depressive symptoms remains limited. This study examined the population-averaged associations of denture use and subjective chewing difficulty with depressive symptoms across nine waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA). Methods: Data from 10,137 participants contributing 68,937 person-wave observations across nine KLoSA waves (2006–2022) were analyzed. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10). Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to account for repeated observations within participants. Sex-stratified analyses and formal interaction tests were additionally performed. Results: In adjusted sex-stratified analyses, denture use was associated with a higher expected mean CESD-10 score among women [exp(B) = 1.068, 95% CI: 1.044–1.092] but not among men. Greater subjective chewing difficulty was consistently associated with higher expected mean CESD-10 scores among both men and women and among both denture users and non-denture users. The sex × denture use interaction was significant [exp(B) = 1.064, 95% CI: 1.043–1.085, p < 0.001], and sex × subjective chewing difficulty interactions were also significant among both denture users and non-denture users (all p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: Greater subjective chewing difficulty was consistently associated with higher depressive symptom levels across repeated observations among both denture users and non-denture users. Sex modified the associations of denture use and subjective chewing difficulty with depressive symptoms. Perceived chewing function may provide additional information beyond denture status when assessing oral health-related vulnerability associated with depressive symptoms; however, temporal direction and causality cannot be inferred from these analyses. Full article

Lane Keeping Assistance (LKA) systems play a critical role in enhancing vehicular safety and driving comfort by maintaining lane alignment and mitigating risks associated with driver distraction or drowsiness. These systems rely on sensor data to execute corrective steering or braking actions, yet their dependence on interconnected electronic components exposes them to a range of safety and cybersecurity threats. Attackers can exploit vulnerabilities in sensors, communication protocols, and Electronic Control Units (ECUs), potentially triggering false interventions or disabling safety functions. This paper presents a comparative Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment (TARA) of two LKA system architectures using the Medini Analyze tool. The first architecture employs a hierarchical controller with driver-intention detection and Electronic Stability Control (ESC)-based actuation. The second architecture employs a Learning-Based Model Predictive Control (LBMPC) framework enabling situation-adaptive decision-making. Through systematic identification and evaluation of threats and vulnerabilities, the analysis assesses risk levels associated with each design. The comparative analysis reveals trade-offs among architectural complexity, system robustness, and exposure to potential vulnerabilities, offering practical insights to improve the safety and security of LKA system designs. Full article

The convergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) with the Internet of Things (IoT) is driving a transformative shift toward a continuous, context-aware smart healthcare ecosystem. Due to its novelty, existing research in this domain remains fragmented, leaving a critical gap in unified frameworks that synthesize domain applications, functional AI deployment roles, network architectures, and security boundaries. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, this paper presents a systematic literature review and quantitative analysis evaluating a selected corpus of 61 peer-reviewed and 14 preprint papers in this domain. Methodologically, we assess a novel hybrid article discovery strategy, finding that an AI-powered prompt-based literature search strategy achieves higher precision than traditional keyword-based Boolean queries (86% vs. 42%) on the evaluated search sample, which may reduce screening workloads. We found that the major limitation of AI-based literature search is non-determinism, which is also an inherent property of LLM-powered applications. To address this, we propose methodological guidelines for using an AI-assisted hybrid literature search strategy. Based on the selected literature, we establish a multi-layer taxonomy organizing the IoT-LLM advances in the healthcare domain across four pillars: application domain, LLM role, IoT device type, and architectural deployment pattern. Quantitative synthesis reveals a heavy research concentration in remote patient monitoring and personal health management (representing 59% of the corpus combined), primarily driven by the data accessibility of wearable sensors (64%). Cross-tabulation uncovers a distinct capability–constraint spectrum: cloud-based deployments lean on heavyweight state-of-the-art models (mainly GPT-family models) for complex semantic reasoning, whereas edge, federated, and blockchain-based hybrid systems leverage localized models (BERT and LLaMA families). Patient data privacy and reduced communication overhead were among the main reasons for choosing localized models. Crucially, our assessment reveals a pervasive neglect of LLM-specific vulnerabilities such as prompt injection and jailbreak attacks and a tendency to treat regulatory frameworks (e.g., HIPAA, GDPR) as design features rather than empirically validated compliance metrics. Finally, we propose an actionable future research agenda prioritizing multi-device system orchestration, emergency care integration, privacy-preserving LLMs, and deployment-scale clinical validation. Full article

Páramo ecosystems are among the most biodiverse and hydrologically critical landscapes on Earth, yet their long-term sustainability is increasingly threatened by climate-driven wildfires. Vegetation Cover Fires (VCFs) in these high-altitude environments degrade carbon stocks, disrupt freshwater regulation, and undermine biodiversity conservation goals central to the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 13, 15, and 6). Between 2001 and 2023, 128 fire events consumed approximately 815 ha in the Sumapaz locality (the world’s largest continuous páramo), representing 64.9% of all fires recorded across Bogotá’s 20 localities. Despite this disproportionate ecological and social impact, no spatially explicit, operational risk management framework has been available for the region, representing a critical sustainability governance gap. This study addresses that gap by proposing an integrated climate-adaptive risk assessment and management strategy based on (i) the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System Fire Weather Index (FWI), derived from ERA5 reanalysis climate data; (ii) spatial and temporal hotspot analysis of MODIS FIRMS active fire detections; and (iii) IDEAM’s multi-component vulnerability and threat scoring protocol. Spatial data were processed using ArcGIS, and FWI sub-indices were computed for each month of the 2001–2023 period. The FWI averaged 0.78 (low danger) across the study period yet peaked at 13.7 in February 2010 (moderate-to-high danger), consistent with the year of highest recorded fire activity (19 events). High- and very high-risk areas (3.70% combined) coincide with slopes >25%, the presence of the invasive and pyrogenic Ulex europaeus, and proximity to populated and agricultural lands. This study concludes with a three-pillar risk management framework—risk knowledge, risk reduction, and disaster management—providing spatially targeted, operationally viable strategies for local and institutional actors that directly support the sustainable conservation of páramo ecosystem services (water supply, carbon sequestration, biodiversity). The framework is designed to be updatable on a monthly basis using freely available ERA5 data, enabling continuous adaptive governance of wildfire risk as a contribution to long-term territorial sustainability. Limitations regarding MODIS detection uncertainty, ERA5 spatial resolution in complex terrain, and the need for probabilistic modeling are explicitly acknowledged. Full article