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4 pages, 176 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue “Efficiency in Kinesiology: Innovative Approaches in Enhancing Motor Skills for Athletic Performance, 3rd Edition”
by Vincenzo Sorgente and Diego Minciacchi
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2025, 10(3), 303; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10030303 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
The third edition of the Special Issue “Efficiency in Kinesiology: Innovative Approaches in Enhancing Motor Skills for Athletic Performance 3 [...] Full article
20 pages, 10013 KiB  
Article
Addressing Challenges in Rds,on Measurement for Cloud-Connected Condition Monitoring in WBG Power Converter Applications
by Farzad Hosseinabadi, Sachin Kumar Bhoi, Hakan Polat, Sajib Chakraborty and Omar Hegazy
Electronics 2025, 14(15), 3093; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14153093 - 2 Aug 2025
Viewed by 102
Abstract
This paper presents the design, implementation, and experimental validation of a Condition Monitoring (CM) circuit for SiC-based Power Electronics Converters (PECs). The paper leverages in situ drain–source resistance (Rds,on) measurements, interfaced with cloud connectivity for data processing and lifetime assessment, [...] Read more.
This paper presents the design, implementation, and experimental validation of a Condition Monitoring (CM) circuit for SiC-based Power Electronics Converters (PECs). The paper leverages in situ drain–source resistance (Rds,on) measurements, interfaced with cloud connectivity for data processing and lifetime assessment, addressing key limitations in current state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods. Traditional approaches rely on expensive data acquisition systems under controlled laboratory conditions, making them unsuitable for real-world applications due to component variability, time delay, and noise sensitivity. Furthermore, these methods lack cloud interfacing for real-time data analysis and fail to provide comprehensive reliability metrics such as Remaining Useful Life (RUL). Additionally, the proposed CM method benefits from noise mitigation during switching transitions by utilizing delay circuits to ensure stable and accurate data capture. Moreover, collected data are transmitted to the cloud for long-term health assessment and damage evaluation. In this paper, experimental validation follows a structured design involving signal acquisition, filtering, cloud transmission, and temperature and thermal degradation tracking. Experimental testing has been conducted at different temperatures and operating conditions, considering coolant temperature variations (40 °C to 80 °C), and an output power of 7 kW. Results have demonstrated a clear correlation between temperature rise and Rds,on variations, validating the ability of the proposed method to predict device degradation. Finally, by leveraging cloud computing, this work provides a practical solution for real-world Wide Band Gap (WBG)-based PEC reliability and lifetime assessment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Industrial Electronics)
15 pages, 2466 KiB  
Article
A Capillary-Based Micro Gas Flow Measurement Method Utilizing Laminar Flow Regime
by Yuheng Zheng, Dailiang Xie, Zhengcheng Qin, Zhengwei Huang, Ya Xu, Da Wang and Hong Zheng
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(15), 8593; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15158593 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2025
Viewed by 104
Abstract
Accurate micro gas flow measurement is critical for medical ventilator calibration, environmental gas monitoring, and semiconductor manufacturing. Laminar flowmeters are widely employed in micro gas flow measurement applications owing to their inherent advantages of high linearity, the absence of moving components, and a [...] Read more.
Accurate micro gas flow measurement is critical for medical ventilator calibration, environmental gas monitoring, and semiconductor manufacturing. Laminar flowmeters are widely employed in micro gas flow measurement applications owing to their inherent advantages of high linearity, the absence of moving components, and a broad measurement range. Nevertheless, due to the low measurement accuracy under micro gas flow caused by nonlinear errors and a relatively complex structure, traditional laminar flow measurement devices exhibit limitations in micro gas flow measurement scenarios. This study proposes a novel micro gas flow measurement method based on a single capillary laminar flow element, which simplifies the structure and enhances applicability in the field of micro gas flow. Through structural optimization with precise control of the capillary length–diameter ratios and theoretical error correction based on computational analysis, nonlinear errors were effectively reduced while improving the measurement accuracy in the field of micro gas flow. The proposed methodology was systematically validated through computational fluid dynamics simulations (ANSYS Fluent 2021 R1) and experimental investigations using a dedicated test platform. The experimental results show that the relative error of the measurement system within the full measurement range is less than ±0.6% (1–10 cm3/min; cm3/min means cubic centimeter per minute), and its accuracy is superior to 1% of reading (1% Rd) or 1.5% of reading (1.5% Rd) of conventional laminar flowmeters. The fitting curve of the flow rate versus the pressure difference derived from the measurement results maintains an excellent linear correlation (R2 > 0.99), thus confirming that this method has practical application value in the field of micro gas flow measurement. Full article
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16 pages, 1526 KiB  
Article
Effects of Different Phosphorus Addition Levels on Physiological and Growth Traits of Pinus massoniana (Masson Pine) Seedlings
by Zhenya Yang and Hui Wang
Forests 2025, 16(8), 1265; https://doi.org/10.3390/f16081265 - 2 Aug 2025
Viewed by 125
Abstract
Soil phosphorus (P) availability is an important determinant of productivity in Pinus massoniana (Masson pine) forests. The mechanistic bases governing the physiological and growth responses of Masson pine to varying soil P conditions remain insufficiently characterized. This study aims to decipher the adaptive [...] Read more.
Soil phosphorus (P) availability is an important determinant of productivity in Pinus massoniana (Masson pine) forests. The mechanistic bases governing the physiological and growth responses of Masson pine to varying soil P conditions remain insufficiently characterized. This study aims to decipher the adaptive strategies of Masson pine to different soil P levels, focusing on root morphological–architectural plasticity and the allocation dynamics of nutrient elements and photosynthetic assimilates. One-year-old potted Masson pine seedlings were exposed to four P addition treatments for one year: P0 (0 mg kg−1), P1 (25 mg kg−1), P2 (50 mg·kg−1), and P3 (100 mg kg−1). In July and December, measurements were conducted on seedling organ biomass, root morphological indices [root length (RL), root surface area (RSA), root diameter (RD), specific root length (SRL), and root length ratio (RLR) for each diameter grade], root architectural indices [number of root tips (RTs), fractal dimension (FD), root branching angle (RBA), and root topological index (TI)], as well as the content of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), carbon (C), and non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) in roots, stems, and leaves. Compared with the P0 treatment, P2 and P3 significantly increased root biomass, root–shoot ratio, RL, RSA, RTs, RLR of finer roots (diameter ≤ 0.4 mm), nutrient accumulation ratio in roots, and starch (ST) content in roots, stems and leaves. Meanwhile, they decreased soluble sugar (SS) content, SS/ST ratio, C and N content, and N/P and C/P ratios in stems and leaves, as well as nutrient accumulation ratio in leaves. The P3 treatment significantly reduced RBA and increased FD and SRL. Our results indicated that Masson pine adapts to low P by developing shallower roots with a reduced branching intensity and promoting the conversion of ST to SS. P’s addition effectively alleviates growth limitations imposed by low P, stimulating root growth, branching, and gravitropism. Although a sole P addition promotes short-term growth and P uptake, it triggers a substantial consumption of N, C, and SS, leading to significant decreases in N/P and C/P ratios and exacerbating N’s limitation, which is detrimental to long-term growth. Under high-P conditions, Masson pine strategically prioritizes allocating limited N and SS to roots, facilitating the formation of thinner roots with low C costs. Full article
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13 pages, 2421 KiB  
Article
Evaluating the Metrics of Insecticide Resistance and Efficacy: Comparison of the CDC Bottle Bioassay with Formulated and Technical-Grade Insecticide and a Sentinel Cage Field Trial
by Deborah A. Dritz, Mario Novelo and Sarah S. Wheeler
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10(8), 219; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10080219 - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 120
Abstract
Insecticide resistance monitoring is essential for effective mosquito control. This study compared CDC Bottle Bioassays (BBAs) using technical and formulated insecticides (deltamethrin/Deltagard and malathion/Fyfanon EW) against the Culex pipiens complex (Fogg Rd) and Culex tarsalis Coquillett (Vic Fazio). BBAs indicated resistance to deltamethrin [...] Read more.
Insecticide resistance monitoring is essential for effective mosquito control. This study compared CDC Bottle Bioassays (BBAs) using technical and formulated insecticides (deltamethrin/Deltagard and malathion/Fyfanon EW) against the Culex pipiens complex (Fogg Rd) and Culex tarsalis Coquillett (Vic Fazio). BBAs indicated resistance to deltamethrin and emerging resistance to malathion in Fogg Rd, as well as resistance to both in Vic Fazio. Field trials, however, showed high efficacy: Deltagard caused 97.7% mortality in Fogg Rd and 99.4% in Vic Fazio. Fyfanon EW produced 100% mortality in Fogg Rd but only 47% in Vic Fazio. Extended BBA endpoints at 120 and 180 min aligned better with field outcomes. Deltagard achieved 100% mortality at 120 min in both populations; technical deltamethrin reached 85.7% (Fogg Rd) and 83.5% (Vic Fazio) at 180 min. Fyfanon EW and malathion showed similar performance: 100% mortality was achieved in Fogg Rd by 120 min but was lower in Vic Fazio; malathion reached 55%; and Fyfanon EW reached 58.6% by 180 min. Statistical analysis confirmed that BBAs using formulated products better reflected field performance, particularly when proprietary ingredients were involved. These findings support the use of formulated products and extended observation times in BBAs to improve operational relevance and resistance interpretation in addition to detecting levels of insecticide resistance. Full article
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21 pages, 2690 KiB  
Article
Research on the Cross-Efficiency Model of the Innovation Dynamic Network in China’s High-Tech Manufacturing Industry
by Danping Wang, Jian Ma and Zhiying Liu
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(15), 8552; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15158552 (registering DOI) - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 160
Abstract
To evaluate the efficiency of innovation development in China’s high-tech manufacturing industry, this paper constructs a two-stage dynamic network cross-efficiency model. This model divides innovation activities into two stages: technology research and development and achievement transformation and introduces a 2-year lag period in [...] Read more.
To evaluate the efficiency of innovation development in China’s high-tech manufacturing industry, this paper constructs a two-stage dynamic network cross-efficiency model. This model divides innovation activities into two stages: technology research and development and achievement transformation and introduces a 2-year lag period in the technology research and development stage and a 1-year lag period in the achievement transformation stage. It proposes the overall efficiency and efficiency models for each stage. The model was applied to 30 provinces in China, and the results showed that most provinces have achieved relatively ideal results in the overall efficiency and achievement transformation stage of high-tech manufacturing, while the efficiency in the technology research and development stage is generally lower than that in the achievement transformation stage. It is recommended that enterprises increase their R&D investments, break through technological barriers, and optimize the innovation chain. Full article
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52 pages, 470 KiB  
Conference Report
Abstracts of the 3rd International Electronic Conference on Microbiology
by Nico Jehmlich
Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2025, 46(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2025046003 - 31 Jul 2025
Abstract
The current proceedings summarize the presentations delivered during the third International Electronic Conference on Microbiology (ECM 2025), which was held online from 1 to 3 April 2025, via the SciForum platform. This virtual event brought together researchers from around the world to share [...] Read more.
The current proceedings summarize the presentations delivered during the third International Electronic Conference on Microbiology (ECM 2025), which was held online from 1 to 3 April 2025, via the SciForum platform. This virtual event brought together researchers from around the world to share recent advances in microbiological sciences. The ECM 2025 highlighted recent developments across a broad spectrum of microbiological research, including antimicrobial resistance, gut microbiota, infectious diseases, and environmental microbiomes. Participants shared their work through online presentations and abstracts, with selected submissions invited for full publication. The event fostered global collaboration, promoted open-access science, and showcased innovative tools for studying and managing microbial systems in health, agriculture, and industry. The multidisciplinary program was organized into several thematic sessions: S1. Gut Microbiota and Health Disease. S2. Foodborne Pathogens and Food Safety. S3. Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance. S4. Emerging Infectious Diseases. S5. Microbiome and Soil Science. S6. Microbial Characterization and Bioprocess. S7. Microbe–Plant Interactions. This conference report presents summaries of the contributions made by participating authors over the three-day event. Full article
26 pages, 1490 KiB  
Article
Impacts of Optimistic Green R&D in a Sustainable Supply Chain with Information Asymmetry
by Shengzhong Huang, Yifeng Lei and Hongyong Fu
Sustainability 2025, 17(15), 6970; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17156970 - 31 Jul 2025
Viewed by 136
Abstract
With consumers increasing in environmental awareness, manufacturers have integrated green R&D into their strategies, aiming to grasp the green market. However, manufacturers may be too bullish on the market potential of green products and maintain an optimistic attitude toward green R&D. Despite having [...] Read more.
With consumers increasing in environmental awareness, manufacturers have integrated green R&D into their strategies, aiming to grasp the green market. However, manufacturers may be too bullish on the market potential of green products and maintain an optimistic attitude toward green R&D. Despite having an optimistic attitude, manufacturers often have no demand information advantage over downstream retailers due to their position in the supply chain, away from the market. It is worth exploring what impact optimistic green R&D in a sustainable supply chain with demand information asymmetry will have. Previous studies have not managed to reveal this. In this study, a stylized model is introduced to explore this question. The main findings are as follows: (1) optimistic green R&D increases the feasibility of the retailer sharing demand information, which facilitates information communication in the sustainable supply chain; (2) in most cases, optimistic green R&D does not bring higher profits for the manufacturer, yet is likely to allow the retailer to earn more, thereby resulting in a loss–win outcome; and (3) depending on the green R&D efficiency of the manufacturer and the consumer’s environmental awareness, optimistic green R&D may not generate higher environmental benefits. Full article
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31 pages, 638 KiB  
Systematic Review
Exploring the Autistic Brain: A Systematic Review of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Studies on Neural Connectivity in Autism Spectrum Disorder
by Giuseppe Marano, Georgios D. Kotzalidis, Maria Benedetta Anesini, Sara Barbonetti, Sara Rossi, Miriam Milintenda, Antonio Restaino, Mariateresa Acanfora, Gianandrea Traversi, Giorgio Veneziani, Maria Picilli, Tommaso Callovini, Carlo Lai, Eugenio Maria Mercuri, Gabriele Sani and Marianna Mazza
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(8), 824; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15080824 (registering DOI) - 31 Jul 2025
Viewed by 219
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been extensively studied through neuroimaging, primarily focusing on grey matter and more in children than in adults. Studies in children and adolescents fail to capture changes that may dampen with age, thus leaving only changes specific [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been extensively studied through neuroimaging, primarily focusing on grey matter and more in children than in adults. Studies in children and adolescents fail to capture changes that may dampen with age, thus leaving only changes specific to ASD. While grey matter has been the primary focus, white matter (WM) may be more specific in identifying the particular biological signature of the neurodiversity of ASD. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is the more appropriate tool to investigate WM in ASD. Despite being introduced in 1994, its application to ASD research began in 2001. Studies employing DTI identify altered fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity, and radial diffusivity (RD) in individuals with ASD compared to typically developing (TD) individuals. Methods: We systematically reviewed literature on 21 May 2025 on PubMed using the following strategy: (“autism spectrum”[ti] OR autistic[ti] OR ASD[ti] OR “high-functioning autism” OR Asperger*[ti] OR Rett*[ti]) AND (DTI[ti] OR “diffusion tensor”[ti] OR multimodal[ti] OR “white matter”[ti] OR tractograph*[ti]). Our search yielded 239 results, of which 26 were adult human studies and eligible. Results: Analysing the evidence, we obtained regionally diverse WM alterations in adult ASD, specifically in FA, MD, RD, axial diffusivity and kurtosis, neurite density, and orientation dispersion index, compared to TD individuals, mostly in frontal and interhemispheric tracts, association fibres, and subcortical projection pathways. These alterations were less prominent than those of children and adolescents, indicating that individuals with ASD may improve during brain maturation. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that white matter alterations in adults with ASD are regionally diverse but generally less pronounced than in younger populations. This may indicate a potential improvement or adaptation of brain structure during maturation. Further research is needed to clarify the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these changes and their implications for clinical outcomes. Full article
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24 pages, 623 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Competitiveness and Sustainable Development Prospects of French-Speaking African Countries Based on TOPSIS and Adaptive LASSO Algorithms
by Binglin Liu, Liwen Li, Hang Ren, Jianwan Qin and Weijiang Liu
Algorithms 2025, 18(8), 474; https://doi.org/10.3390/a18080474 - 30 Jul 2025
Viewed by 222
Abstract
This study evaluates the competitiveness and sustainable development prospects of French-speaking African countries by constructing a comprehensive framework integrating the TOPSIS method and adaptive LASSO algorithm. Using multivariate data from sources such as the World Bank, 30 indicators covering core, basic, and auxiliary [...] Read more.
This study evaluates the competitiveness and sustainable development prospects of French-speaking African countries by constructing a comprehensive framework integrating the TOPSIS method and adaptive LASSO algorithm. Using multivariate data from sources such as the World Bank, 30 indicators covering core, basic, and auxiliary competitiveness were selected to quantitatively analyze the competitiveness of 26 French-speaking African countries. Results show that their comprehensive competitiveness exhibits spatial patterns of “high in the north and south, low in the east and west” and “high in coastal areas, low in inland areas”. Algeria, Morocco, and six other countries demonstrate high competitiveness, while Central African countries generally show low competitiveness. The adaptive LASSO algorithm identifies three key influencing factors, including the proportion of R&D expenditure to GDP, high-tech exports, and total reserves, as well as five secondary key factors, including the number of patent applications and total number of domestic listed companies, revealing that scientific and technological investment, financial strength, and innovation transformation capabilities are core constraints. Based on these findings, sustainable development strategies are proposed, such as strengthening scientific and technological research and development and innovation transformation, optimizing financial reserves and capital markets, and promoting China–Africa collaborative cooperation, providing decision-making references for competitiveness improvement and regional cooperation of French-speaking African countries under the background of the “Belt and Road Initiative”. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid Intelligent Algorithms (2nd Edition))
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25 pages, 516 KiB  
Article
Exploring a Sustainable Pathway Towards Enhancing National Innovation Capacity from an Empirical Analysis
by Sylvia Novillo-Villegas, Ana Belén Tulcanaza-Prieto, Alexander X. Chantera and Christian Chimbo
Sustainability 2025, 17(15), 6922; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17156922 - 30 Jul 2025
Viewed by 207
Abstract
Innovation is a strategic driver of sustainable competitive advantage and long-term economic growth. This study proposes an empirical framework to support the sustained development of national innovation capacity by examining key enabling factors. Drawing on an extensive review of the literature, the research [...] Read more.
Innovation is a strategic driver of sustainable competitive advantage and long-term economic growth. This study proposes an empirical framework to support the sustained development of national innovation capacity by examining key enabling factors. Drawing on an extensive review of the literature, the research investigates the interrelationships among governmental support (GS), innovation agents (IA), university–industry R&D collaborations (UIRD), and innovation cluster development (ICD), and their influence on two critical innovation outcomes, knowledge creation (KC) and knowledge diffusion (KD). Using panel data from G7 countries spanning 2008 to 2018, sourced from international organizations such as the World Bank, the World Intellectual Property Organization, and the World Economic Forum, the study applies regression analysis to test the proposed conceptual model. Results highlight the foundational role of GS in providing a balanced framework to foster collaborative networks among IA and enhancing the effectiveness of UIRD. Furthermore, IA emerges as a pivotal actor in advancing innovation efforts, while the development of innovation clusters is shown to selectively enhance specific innovation outcomes. These findings offer theoretical and practical contributions for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders aiming to design supportive ecosystems that strengthen sustainable national innovation capacity. Full article
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24 pages, 2315 KiB  
Article
A Decade of Transformation in Higher Education and Science in Kazakhstan: A Literature and Scientometric Review of National Projects and Research Trends
by Timur Narbaev, Diana Amirbekova and Aknar Bakdaulet
Publications 2025, 13(3), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/publications13030035 - 30 Jul 2025
Viewed by 321
Abstract
Higher education and science (HES) is one of the key drivers of a country’s economic growth. In this study, we examine national projects and research capacity in HES in Kazakhstan from 2014 to 2024. We conducted a content review and scientometric analysis with [...] Read more.
Higher education and science (HES) is one of the key drivers of a country’s economic growth. In this study, we examine national projects and research capacity in HES in Kazakhstan from 2014 to 2024. We conducted a content review and scientometric analysis with network and temporal visualizations. Our data sources included policy documents, statistical reports, and the Scopus database. Our findings suggest that, while Kazakhstan aligns with global trends in the field (e.g., digitalization, scientometrics monitoring, and internationalization), these are achieved through a state-led, policy-driven approach shaped by its post-Soviet context. Additionally, we note a dual structure in Kazakhstan’s HES sector, characterized by a strong top-down direction and increasing institutional engagement. In terms of the thematic trends from the temporal analysis, the country experienced a three-staged evolution: foundational reforms and system modernization (2014–2017), capacity building and evaluation (2018–2021), and, most recently, strategic expansion, inclusivity, and globalization (2022–2024). Throughout the analyzed period, low R&D intensity, disciplinary imbalances, and structural barriers still undermine desired development efforts in HES. The analyzed case of Kazakhstan can serve as “lessons learned” for policymakers and researchers working in the science evaluation and scholarly communication area in similar emerging or transition countries. Full article
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24 pages, 5906 KiB  
Article
In Silico Mining of the Streptome Database for Hunting Putative Candidates to Allosterically Inhibit the Dengue Virus (Serotype 2) RdRp
by Alaa H. M. Abdelrahman, Gamal A. H. Mekhemer, Peter A. Sidhom, Tarad Abalkhail, Shahzeb Khan and Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(8), 1135; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18081135 - 30 Jul 2025
Viewed by 358
Abstract
Background/Objectives: In the last few decades, the dengue virus, a prevalent flavivirus, has demonstrated various epidemiological, economic, and health impacts around the world. Dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2) plays a vital role in dengue-associated mortality. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of DENV2 is [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: In the last few decades, the dengue virus, a prevalent flavivirus, has demonstrated various epidemiological, economic, and health impacts around the world. Dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2) plays a vital role in dengue-associated mortality. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of DENV2 is a charming druggable target owing to its crucial function in viral reproduction. In recent years, streptomycetes natural products (NPs) have attracted considerable attention as a potential source of antiviral drugs. Methods: Seeking prospective inhibitors that inhibit the DENV2 RdRp allosteric site, in silico mining of the Streptome database was executed. AutoDock4.2.6 software performance in predicting docking poses of the inspected inhibitors was initially conducted according to existing experimental data. Upon the assessed docking parameters, the Streptome database was virtually screened against DENV2 RdRp allosteric site. The streptomycetes NPs with docking scores less than the positive control (68T; calc. −35.6 kJ.mol−1) were advanced for molecular dynamics simulations (MDS), and their binding affinities were computed by employing the MM/GBSA approach. Results: SDB9818 and SDB4806 unveiled superior inhibitor activities against DENV2 RdRp upon MM/GBSA//300 ns MDS than 68T with ΔGbinding values of −246.4, −242.3, and −150.6 kJ.mol−1, respectively. A great consistency was found in both the energetic and structural analyses of the identified inhibitors within the DENV2 RdRp allosteric site. Furthermore, the physicochemical characteristics of the identified inhibitors demonstrated good oral bioavailability. Eventually, quantum mechanical computations were carried out to evaluate the chemical reactivity of the identified inhibitors. Conclusions: As determined by in silico computations, the identified streptomycetes NPs may act as DENV2 RdRp allosteric inhibitors and mandate further experimental assays. Full article
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26 pages, 504 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Role of Social Protection in UK Asylum-Seeker Wellbeing Using Human Scale Development Theory
by Michelle James and Rachel Forrester-Jones
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(8), 474; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14080474 - 30 Jul 2025
Viewed by 331
Abstract
This article utilises Max-Neef’s Human Scale Development (HSD) framework (1991) to answer two research questions: what impact does government and community-based social protection (SP) have on UK asylum-seeker wellbeing; how are interactions with all forms of SP, both as giver and receiver, supporting [...] Read more.
This article utilises Max-Neef’s Human Scale Development (HSD) framework (1991) to answer two research questions: what impact does government and community-based social protection (SP) have on UK asylum-seeker wellbeing; how are interactions with all forms of SP, both as giver and receiver, supporting or harming the satisfaction of asylum-seekers’ fundamental human needs at this time? The research study utilised a mixed-methods, collaborative, case study design situated within a refugee and asylum-seeker (RAS) support charity in Southwest England. Methods included peer-led Qualitative Impact Protocol interviews, Photovoice, surveys, and staff interviews. Data were subjected to an inductive, bottom-up process on Causal Map software (version 2, Causal Map Ltd., 39 Apsley Rd., Bath BA1 3LP, UK) and the analysis used the HSD framework. We found eight over-arching themes. The four main needs-violators/destroyers of asylum-seeker wellbeing were dehumanisation, unfreedoms, enforced ignorance, and (re)traumatisation, and the four main needs-satisfiers were common humanity, autonomy and resistance, exerting agency through knowledge exchange, and healing. Five policy and practice-focused bridging satisfiers are recommended to help move individual and collective experience from a negative to a positive state in the research population. Policy and practice should be transparent and evidence-based, efficient and equitable, supportive of participation and productivity, trauma-informed, and multi-agency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section International Migration)
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19 pages, 2479 KiB  
Article
Sensitivity of Diffusion Tensor Imaging for Assessing Injury Severity in a Rat Model of Isolated Diffuse Axonal Injury: Comparison with Histology and Neurological Assessment
by Vladislav Zvenigorodsky, Benjamin F. Gruenbaum, Ilan Shelef, Dmitry Frank, Beatris Tsafarov, Shahar Negev, Vladimir Zeldetz, Abed N. Azab, Matthew Boyko and Alexander Zlotnik
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(15), 7333; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157333 - 29 Jul 2025
Viewed by 173
Abstract
Diffuse axonal brain injury (DAI) is a common, debilitating consequence of traumatic brain injury, yet its detection and severity grading remain challenging in clinical and experimental settings. This study evaluated the sensitivity of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), histology, and neurological severity scoring (NSS) [...] Read more.
Diffuse axonal brain injury (DAI) is a common, debilitating consequence of traumatic brain injury, yet its detection and severity grading remain challenging in clinical and experimental settings. This study evaluated the sensitivity of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), histology, and neurological severity scoring (NSS) in assessing injury severity in a rat model of isolated DAI. A rotational injury model induced mild, moderate, or severe DAI in male and female rats. Neurological deficits were assessed 48 h after injury via NSS. Magnetic resonance imaging, including DTI metrics, such as fractional anisotropy (FA), relative anisotropy (RA), axial diffusivity (AD), mean diffusivity (MD), and radial diffusivity (RD), was performed prior to tissue collection. Histological analysis used beta amyloid precursor protein immunohistochemistry. Sensitivity and variability of each method were compared across brain regions and the whole brain. Histology was the most sensitive method, requiring very small groups to detect differences. Anisotropy-based MRI metrics, especially whole-brain FA and RA, showed strong correlations with histology and NSS and demonstrated high sensitivity with low variability. NSS identified injury but required larger group sizes. Diffusivity-based MRI metrics, particularly RD, were less sensitive and more variable. Whole-brain FA and RA were the most sensitive MRI measures of DAI severity and were comparable to histology in moderate and severe groups. These findings support combining NSS and anisotropy-based DTI for non-terminal DAI assessment in preclinical studies. Full article
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