Search Results (10)

Breast cancer is a significant global concern, with tamoxifen, the standard treatment, raising long-term safety issues due to side effects. In this study, we evaluated the potential of five onoceranoid triterpenes from Lansium domesticum Corr. cv. kokosan against estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) using in silico techniques. Utilizing molecular docking, Lipinski’s rule of five, in silico ADMET, and molecular dynamics simulations, we assessed the potency of five onoceranoid triterpenes against ERα. Molecular docking indicated competitive binding energies for these triterpenes relative to the active form of tamoxifen (4OHT) and estradiol, an ERα native ligand. Three triterpenes met drug-likeness criteria with favorable ADMET profiles. Notably, 2 demonstrated superior binding affinity in molecular dynamics simulations, outperforming estradiol, closely followed by 3 and 4. Hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC) and the spatial distribution of contact surface area (CSA) analyses suggest that these triterpenes, especially 2, may act as antagonist ligands akin to 4OHT. These findings highlight the potential of onoceranoid triterpenes in treating ERα-related breast cancer. Full article

Lansium domesticum Corr. is a member of the Meliaceae family that is widely spread in tropical and subtropical region of Asia and America. Traditionally, the fruit of this plant has been consumed because of its sweet taste. However, the fruit peels and the seeds of this plant have been rarely utilized. The previous chemical investigation of this plant showed the presence of secondary metabolites with many biological activities, including cytotoxic triterpenoid. Triterpenoids is a class of secondary metabolites which contain thirty carbon atoms in the main skeleton. The high modification of this type of compound, including the ring opening, highly oxygenated carbons, and the degradation of its carbon chain to give the nor-triterpenoid structure, is responsible for its cytotoxic activity. In this paper, we isolated and elucidated the chemical structure of two new onoceranoid triterpenes, kokosanolides E (1) and F (2), from the fruit peels of L. domesticum Corr., along with a new tetranortriterpenoid, kokosanolide G (3), from the seeds of L. domesticum Corr. The structural determination of compounds 1–3 was undertaken through FTIR spectroscopic analysis, 1D and 2D NMR, mass spectrometry, as well as through a comparison of the chemical shifts of the partial structures of compounds 1–3 with the literature data. The cytotoxic properties of compounds 1–3 were tested against MCF-7 breast cancer cells using the MTT assay. Moderate activity was shown by compounds 1 and 3, with IC₅₀ values of 45.90 and 18.41 μg/mL, respectively, while compound 2 showed no activity (IC₅₀ 168.20 μg/mL). For the onoceranoid-type triterpene, the high symmetrical structure of compound 1 is presumably the reason for its better cytotoxic activity compared with that of compound 2. Compound 3 showed moderate activity, mainly because of the presence of the furan ring, which, based on the literature, gives better cytotoxic activity in a tetranortriterpenoid-type structure. The findings of three new triterpenoid compounds from L. domesticum indicate the significant value of this plant as a source of new compounds. Full article

Lansium domesticum Corr. (L. domesticum), Meliaceae, has an economical fruit found throughout the southeast and has been reported to be used in traditional medicine. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of four extracts from the stembark of L. domesticum Corr. cv. Kokossan and isolated four terpenoid compounds. Antimicrobial testing was performed on two fungi, namely Malassezia furfur and Candida albicans, and two bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Furthermore, antimicrobial activity was determined using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). All isolated extracts were also tested on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The results showed that butanol and n-hexane extracts have antimicrobial potential against K. pneumoniae bacteria with MIC values of 7.8125 mg/mL and 62.5 mg/mL, respectively, as well as against the dandruff fungus M. furfur. In addition to the antimicrobial results, the anticancer test results also showed that n-hexane has the most interesting cytotoxic value of all extracts, with an IC₅₀ of 42.95 µg/mL than extracts of ethyl acetate, ethanol, and butanol with respective IC₅₀ values of 72.84; 74.50, and 12088.33 µg/mL. The n-hexane and n-butanol extracts have anticancer and antimicrobial potential. These extracts can be studied further for other bioactivity. Full article

Lansium domesticum (Langsat, Meliaceae) is a tropical fruit mainly found in Southeast Asian countries, particularly in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Traditionally, it is utilized as a folk treatment for eye inflammation, ulcers, diarrhea, dysentery, fever, spasms, flatulence, worms, insect bites, scorpion stings, and malaria. Additionally, it is utilized as a mosquito repellent, skin moisturizer and whitening agent. Pharmacological research showed that the plant has a wide array of bioactivities, including antimalarial, antifeedant, anti-aging, wound healing, antioxidant, cytotoxic, analgesic, antibacterial, antimutagenic, insecticidal, and larvicidal. The most commonly described activities were attributed to the presence of terpenoids and phenolics. Further, some studies reported the preparation of nanoparticles and pharmaceutical formulations from the plant. This review highlights the potential of L. domesticum as herbal medicine. It provides an overview about the reported data on L. domesticum from 1931 to November 2021, including nutritional value, traditional uses, phytoconstituents, and bioactivities, as well as nanoparticles and pharmaceutical formulations. Full article

It is well known that atmospheric mercury (Hg) contaminates air, water, soil, and living organisms, including trees. Therefore, tree bark can be used for the environmental assessment of atmospheric contamination because it absorbs heavy metals. This study aimed to establish a new biomonitoring for the assessment of atmospheric Hg pollution. Reporting on atmospheric Hg contamination in an artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) area in North Gorontalo, Indonesia, we calculated the total weight of Hg (THg) and quantitatively measured the concentrations of Hg in the tree bark of Mangifera indica, Syzygium aromaticum, Terminalia catappa, and Lansium domesticum. The THg of Hg in the M. indica tree bark samples ranged from not detected (ND) to 74.6 μg dry weight (DW) per sample. The total Hg in the tree bark of S. aromaticum, T. catappa, and L. domesticum ranged from ND to 156.8, ND to 180, and ND to 63.4 μg DW, respectively. We concluded that topography significantly influences the accumulation of Hg together with local weather conditions. A mapped distribution of the THg suggested that the distribution of THg in the tree bark was not affected by the distance to the amalgamation site. Therefore, tree bark can be used as biomonitoring of atmospheric Hg contamination for the assessment of ASGM areas. Full article

A novel tetranortriterpenoid named kokosanolide D has been isolated from fruit peels of Lansium domesticum. The structure of kokosanolide D was elucidated primarily on the basis of spectroscopic data including infrared, 1D and 2D-NMR, as well as high resolution mass spectroscopy analysis and comparison with related compounds previously reported. Full article

A new onoceranoid triterpenes, namely 3-hydroxy-8,14-secogammacera-7,14-dien-21-one (1), has been isolated from the fruit peels of Lansium domesticum Corr. cv kokossan. The structure of 1 was determined on the basis of spectroscopic data including infrared, 1D and 2D-NMR, as well as high resolution mass spectroscopy analysis. Compound 1 showed a weak activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. Full article

A new cycloartan-type triterpenoid, 9,19-cyclolanost-24-en-3-one,21,23-epoxy-21,22-dihydroxy (21R, 22S, 23S), was isolated from the leaves of Lansium domesticum Corr cv kokossan. The chemical structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data, X-ray diffraction and comparison with those related compounds previously reported. Full article

Lansium domesticum Corr. or “long-kong” is one of the most popular fruits in Thailand. Its peel (skin, SK) and seeds (SD) become waste unless recycled or applied for use. This study was undertaken to determine the bioactivity and phytochemical components of L. domesticum (LD) skin and seed extracts. Following various extraction and fractionation procedures, 12 fractions were obtained. All fractions were tested for antioxidant capacity against O₂^−• and OH^•. It was found that the peel of L. domesticum fruits exhibited higher O₂^−• and OH^• scavenging activity than seeds. High potential antioxidant activity was found in two fractions of 50% ethanol extract of peel followed by ethyl acetate (EA) fractionation (LDSK50-EA) and its aqueous phase (LDSK50-H₂O). Therefore, these two active fractions were selected for further studies on their antioxidative activity against DNA damage by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in human TK6 cells using comet assay. The comet results revealed DNA-protective activity of both LDSK50-EA and LDSK50-H₂O fractions when TK6 human lymphoblast cells were pre-treated at 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL for 24 h prior to H₂O₂ exposure. The phytochemical analysis illustrated the presence of phenolic substances, mainly scopoletin, rutin, and chlorogenic acid, in these two active fractions. This study generates new information on the biological activity of L. domesticum. It will promote and strengthen the utilization of L. domesticum by-products. Full article

Two tetranortriterpenoids, kokosanolide A (1) and C (2) were isolated from the seeds and three onoceranoid-type triterpenoids: kokosanolide B (3), 8,14-secogammacera-7,14-diene-3,21-dione (4) and a 1.5:0.5 mixture of 8,14-secogammacera-7,14(27)-diene-3,21-dione (5) and compound 4 were isolated from the bark of kokossan (Lansium domesticum). Complete ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR data of the triterpenoids 1-5 are reported. The triterpenoids’ structures were elucidated primarily by means of high field 1D- and 2D-NMR, IR and HRMS spectral data. Triterpenoids 1-5 exhibited moderate to strong antifeedant activity against the fourth instar larvae of Epilachna vigintioctopunctata. Full article