Search Results (913)

Coarse-grain starches are promising raw materials for developing diversified functional food ingredients, particularly low-glycemic products. However, the systematic structure–function relationships among multiple coarse-grain varieties remain poorly understood. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize the structural, processing, and digestive properties of ten coarse-grain starches to provide a fundamental basis for their targeted industrial utilization. Multiple analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rapid visco analysis (RVA), and in vitro simulated digestion, were employed to characterize the structural, thermal, rheological, pasting, and digestive properties of the starches. The tested starches were classified into two crystalline types, and significant differences were observed among samples in short-range molecular order, gelatinization behavior, gel rheological properties, pasting characteristics, and the distribution of three digestion fractions. Pearson correlation analysis revealed structure–function correlations, showing that crystalline ordering plays an important role in starch gelatinization behavior, whereas molecular packing is closely associated with pasting performance and in vitro digestibility. The distinct differences in starch properties, together with the identified structure–function relationships, provide a basis for targeted raw material selection in food processing and the development of functional foods with tailored digestibility characteristics. Full article

Reliable motor-current-based bearing diagnosis requires evaluation on unseen physical bearings and operating conditions. This study uses the Paderborn University benchmark, acquired from a 425 W permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) test rig, to evaluate time–frequency deep transfer learning under strict bearing-level grouping. Four representations—continuous wavelet transform (CWT), short-time Fourier transform (STFT), wavelet synchrosqueezed transform (WSST), and Fourier synchrosqueezed transform (FSST)—are combined with pretrained CNN backbones across four binary targets: aged-only A/B and artificial-plus-aged C/D, with mixed-fault bearings excluded/included within each pair. The workflow includes pooled-condition candidate discovery, exploratory Main-split leave-one-operating-condition-out (LOCO) screening, and a retrospective multi-split LOCO audit. The audit contains 288 crossed condition–split–seed evaluations. Because pooled test summaries and Main-split LOCO results informed later stages, these evaluations provide descriptive robustness evidence rather than an independent post-selection test. Target A achieved the highest all-split mean balanced accuracy (0.736 for CWT–EfficientNetB0). The pairs for Targets B and C were near-ties, and the Target D ordering reversed when Main was excluded. Across the eight audited candidates, mean sensitivity ranged from 0.618 to 0.948, whereas specificity ranged from 0.092 to 0.564. Target D combined approximately 0.89 sensitivity with an approximately 0.90 false-alarm rate. Thus, operating condition, fault-class composition, bearing split, and error-cost priorities all affect model interpretation. A matched current-domain baseline audit added 336 evaluations using handcrafted-feature RBF–SVM and Random Forest models and a compact raw-current 1D-CNN. The results show that instability is broader than the TF–CNN pipeline but is not uniform across model families: TF candidates were clearly stronger for Targets A and C, feature-based models were stronger for Target B, and Target D remained mixed and protocol-sensitive. A complementary bearing-level source-group analysis quantified six healthy/fault-source categories across the 37 current features; among the eight features with the largest mean between-group variance fraction, only spectral entropy and dominant power fraction preserved the same mixed-versus-non-mixed contrast direction across all four operating conditions. An additional matched Target D reference held the binary target, physical-bearing split, held-out condition, seed, fourth-order FSST representation, ResNet-50 backbone, and training settings fixed while changing the sensing channel. Across 24 matched runs, vibration showed descriptively higher mean balanced accuracy (0.642 vs. 0.503) and specificity (0.476 vs. 0.146), while sensitivity was slightly lower (0.807 vs. 0.859); the comparison does not establish universal modality superiority. Pooled-condition performance is useful for candidate discovery, but credible condition-generalization claims require explicit separation of exploratory selection and confirmatory testing. The numerical findings are specific to the evaluated PMSM benchmark and do not establish universal performance across electric-machine types. Full article

With the growing interest in pandan-based products, bitterness and astringency associated with flavonoids may limit their sensory acceptance. This study investigated the interactions and taste-modulating effects of two milk proteins, β-casein (β-CN) and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG), with two representative bitter flavonoids, catechin (C) and naringin (NAR), in aqueous model systems. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that both flavonoids produced concentration-dependent quenching of the milk proteins. β-CN exhibited more pronounced interaction-related spectroscopic responses than β-LG, which may be associated with its flexible and intrinsically disordered structure. Molecular docking predicted hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions in all four protein–flavonoid systems, with catechin and naringin interacting mainly with the internal hydrophobic cavity of β-LG and surface-exposed regions of the β-CN model. Circular dichroism and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated ligand-dependent structural changes. For β-LG, catechin slightly decreased the estimated antiparallel and total β-sheet fractions, whereas naringin produced a modest increase. For β-CN, catechin produced a more apparent redistribution between the estimated α-helix and β-sheet fractions, while naringin caused comparatively smaller changes. Electronic tongue measurements showed that the addition of the milk proteins reduced the bitterness- and astringency-related sensor responses of catechin and naringin. Under the tested conditions, β-CN produced greater attenuation of these responses than β-LG, while the umami-related response remained comparatively high. These findings support the potential application of milk proteins as taste-modulating components in flavonoid-containing dairy formulations, although validation in real food matrices is required. Full article

Efficient and sustainable isolation of cellulose from sugarcane tops (ST), a major sub-fraction of sugarcane trash, is of great significance for the high-value valorization of cellulose and its subsequent conversion into substrates for biomaterials. This study introduces a novel two-step cascade process under mild conditions, which integrates two treatments: a green multi-functional depolymerizing agent (MDA) treatment and the alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) treatment. This sequential strategy is designed to selectively solubilize hemicellulose and lignin, respectively, ultimately yielding cellulose from ST. To assess extraction efficacy, four MDA treatment durations (0–3 h) were systematically investigated. The quality of the extracted cellulose was evaluated through lignocellulosic composition analysis, surface morphology, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results demonstrate that the MDA treatment effectively disrupted ST’s recalcitrant structure, facilitating selective hemicellulose enrichment in deionized water and lignin dissolution in 1% (w/v) AHP. Notably, cellulose pretreated for 2 h exhibited preferred properties, including high purity (85.82%), a retention rate of 85.33%, preservation of the cellulose I crystalline polymorph (crystallinity index, CrI = 69.11%), and excellent thermal stability (maximum decomposition temperature, Tmax = 344.48 °C). The preserved structural integrity suggests the potential suitability of the extracted cellulose as a promising feedstock for polymer composite applications. Full article

Asphalt serves as the core binder for heavy-load high-modulus pavements, and its viscoelasticity across a wide temperature range directly governs pavement-rutting resistance, low-temperature crack resistance and service life. Virgin asphalt contains abundant light fractions and exhibits insufficient stiffness at high temperatures. Modification with single styrene–butadiene–styrene block copolymer (SBS) fails to meet the anti-deformation requirements under heavy loads, while separate incorporation of nano-silica (nano-SiO₂) aggravates low-temperature brittleness. Existing studies lack comprehensive investigations into the rheological evolution laws and synergistic microscopic mechanisms of asphalt modified by combined SBS and nano-SiO₂. In this paper, virgin asphalt was adopted as raw material to prepare composite modified asphalt with gradient dosages. Integrated macroscopic performance tests and multi-scale microscopic characterizations were conducted for systematic analysis. High-temperature, low-temperature and fatigue performances were evaluated via conventional physical property tests, temperature sweep tests, multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR), linear amplitude sweep (LAS) and bending beam rheometer (BBR) tests. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and thin-layer chromatography–flame ionization detection (TLC-FID) were utilized to analyze variations in functional groups, molecular weight and four fractions, to elaborate the two-phase synergistic modification mechanism. The results demonstrate that the combined incorporation of SBS and nano-SiO₂ synchronously optimizes the comprehensive performances of asphalt. Compared with single-SBS-modified asphalt, the sample with optimal dosages achieves elevated high-temperature modulus and rutting factor, reduced permanent deformation, improved low-temperature stress relaxation capacity and remarkably decelerated fatigue damage accumulation rate. Microscopic characterizations verify that only physical interactions occur during modification without generating new substances. The nano-filler facilitates the aggregation of small molecules and increases the proportion of macromolecules; meanwhile, it physically adsorbs light fractions and induces apparent redistribution of asphalt components, raising the relative proportion of resins and asphaltenes in the organic asphalt phase, realizing moderate heavy-fraction enrichment of the asphalt system. This study clarifies the internal correlation between molecular fraction evolution characteristics and macroscopic rheological performances of asphalt co-modified by nano-SiO₂ and SBS, which can provide theoretical references for formula design and engineering application of modified asphalt materials. Full article

The development of plant protein-based delivery systems is often limited by poor stability and low retention efficiency under gastrointestinal conditions. This study investigated how pH (4 and 7) during external gelation influences the physicochemical properties, entrapment efficiency (EE), and in vitro gastrointestinal behaviour of alginate beads loaded with hemp protein concentrate (HPC), pea protein concentrate (PPC), or soy protein isolate (SPI). Zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses suggested that at pH 4, the charge profiles of plant proteins favoured electrostatic association with anionic alginate, which was associated with higher EE values, with HPC achieving the maximum of 89.5% at pH 4. Conversely, at pH 7, electrostatic repulsion between biopolymers was associated with reduced EE. During in vitro digestion, beads formulated at pH 4 exhibited greater protein release than those prepared at pH 7, consistent with the expansion of the polymeric network under intestinal conditions. Size exclusion chromatography showed that released proteins underwent extensive proteolysis, generating low-molecular-weight fractions smaller than 300 Da. These results indicate that gelation pH is a relevant processing parameter for modulating protein retention and the extent of protein release of simulated digestion in alginate-based systems, with potential applications in protein-enriched food formulations. Full article

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) has emerged as a widely adopted solid fuel for hybrid rocket propulsion due to its compatibility with fused deposition modeling and favorable regression characteristics. As a terpolymer, however, ABS monomer mass fractions vary across commercial sources, introducing thermochemical variability that is rarely accounted for in propulsion modeling. This study presents a sensitivity analysis examining how compositional variability among ten commercially available ABS feedstock propagates into hybrid rocket performance predictions. Each source was characterized using bomb calorimetry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to derive source-specific constituent mass fractions and enthalpies of formation, which were supplied to NASA’s Chemical Equilibrium with Applications code to evaluate characteristic velocity under gaseous oxygen combustion. The second objective of this work is to determine which characterization and modeling workflow is sufficient for that purpose by quantifying the sensitivity of characteristic velocity predictions to the enthalpy of formation values derived from bomb calorimetry versus Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy combined with the Van Krevelen group-contribution method. The two pathways yield enthalpy estimates that differ by 2.4–25.9 kJ/mol, but these differences propagate to less than 0.5% in predicted characteristic velocity across all 3D-printed filaments, indicating that the simpler group-contribution approach is adequate for routine performance prediction while direct calorimetry retains independent values for material qualification. The results demonstrate that assuming a single canonical ABS formulation introduces meaningful uncertainty in predicted characteristic velocity and that experimental feedstock characterization should be considered standard practice in hybrid propellant development. Full article

To explore the high-value utilization of liquid recovery products from waste wind turbine blades in road binders, a liquid-rich fraction obtained from subcritical acetic acid degradation and subsequent vacuum distillation of waste wind turbine blade epoxy composites was introduced into styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS)-modified asphalt to prepare composite-modified asphalt. Conventional property tests, dynamic shear rheological tests, bending beam rheological tests, steady shear tests, master curve analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were conducted to systematically evaluate the influence of the liquid-rich fraction on the properties and structural characteristics of the composite-modified asphalt. The results showed that, with increasing liquid-rich fraction content, the softening point increased, while penetration and ductility decreased, and the rotational viscosity at 135 °C increased, indicating enhanced overall stiffness and high-temperature flow resistance. High-temperature rheological results showed that the liquid-rich fraction increased the storage modulus, loss modulus, and rutting factor, while decreasing the phase angle improved the high-temperature deformation resistance of the composite-modified asphalt. Low-temperature rheological results indicated that the creep stiffness S increased, the m-value decreased, and the S/m ratio increased, suggesting weakened stress relaxation capacity and reduced cracking resistance at low temperature. Fatigue factor and steady shear results revealed that the liquid-rich fraction enhanced structural stability and flow resistance but also increased fatigue damage sensitivity at intermediate temperature. Master curves, Black diagram, and Cole–Cole plots further demonstrated that the liquid-rich fraction increased the modulus level over a wide frequency domain and strengthened the structural stability of the asphalt system. FTIR and GPC results indicated that the introduction of the liquid-rich fraction increased the relative contents of aromatic structures and polar oxygen-containing groups and promoted molecular association and increased the apparent molecular weight level of the system. Overall, the liquid-rich fraction acted as a structure-enhancing modifier in SBS-modified asphalt, improving its high-temperature performance while causing a certain trade-off in low-temperature and fatigue properties. Therefore, the dosage should be selected by balancing high-temperature stability, low-temperature cracking resistance, and fatigue durability, and the practical sustainability of this recycling route still requires dedicated economic and environmental evaluation. Full article

Background: Terminal sterilization is a regulatory requirement for most medical devices. However, conventional sterilization methods can compromise temperature-sensitive and biologically reactive components. This study evaluates the sterilization efficacy and preliminary material compatibility of a novel room-temperature sterilization modality using gaseous nitric oxide (NO). Methods: NO was delivered using standardized Sterile Solution^® (Sterile State Inc., Grand Rapids, MI, USA). To characterize microbial inactivation kinetics, the decimal reduction time (D-value) of commercial biological indicators (BIs), Bacillus atrophaeus Apex^® Discs, was determined in accordance with ISO 11138. BIs were exposed to NO at ambient temperature (18.9–22.0 °C). D-values were calculated using both the survivor curve method (Holcomb–Spearman–Karber) and the fraction-negative method (Stumbo–Murphy–Cochran). Material compatibility was evaluated across four primary medical device and packaging plastics, including polyethylene (PE), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)), representing 70% of the industry market share. After exposure to NO sterilization cycles, mechanical and chemical properties were characterized using tensile testing (ASTM D882-18) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy relative to unexposed controls. Results: The calculated D-values ranged from 1.31 (78.7 min) to 1.34 h (80.4 min) across both analytical methods, corresponding to an estimated 6-Log reduction in Bacillus atrophaeus BIs in approximately 8 h. Meanwhile, plastics exposed to the NO sterilization cycle showed no significant changes in mechanical or chemical properties. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that NO sterilization achieves semi-Log-linear inactivation of a widely accepted BI and represents a promising alternative to conventional gaseous sterilization methods such as ethylene oxide (EtO). By achieving a reliable sterility assurance level under mild ambient conditions without adversely affecting the physicochemical properties of commonly used plastic materials, NO sterilization may offer a practical solution for thermosensitive and delicate medical devices. Full article

This study investigated the formation of a co-amorphous complex between ursolic acid and quercetin as a chemically defined model system for improving the formulation performance of a poorly soluble triterpenoid acid. Co-amorphous systems were prepared by solvent evaporation and physical grinding at different mass ratios. The optimal formulations were identified and evaluated by water-solubility measurement, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and in vivo expectorant–antitussive assays. The solvent-derived system showed higher water solubility than the ground system. PXRD and FTIR results suggested that the solvent method more effectively promoted loss of crystallinity and probable intermolecular interactions, whereas the grinding method largely retained the crystalline features of ursolic acid. Both ursolic acid–quercetin formulations exhibited enhanced expectorant and antitussive activities compared with pure ursolic acid. Although quercetin may contribute intrinsic pharmacological activity, the overall improvements were broadly consistent with the altered physicochemical properties of the co-amorphous systems, which may facilitate ursolic acid delivery. As a secondary exploratory comparison, plant-derived triterpenoid-acid-rich and flavonoid-rich fractions from Eriobotrya japonica leaves were also co-processed; however, because these fractions were not compositionally characterized, their results were interpreted cautiously and were not used as the primary basis for mechanistic conclusions. Overall, the present study demonstrates that co-amorphous complexation of ursolic acid and quercetin is a promising strategy for improving the solubility-related properties and in vivo activity of a poorly soluble triterpenoid acid. Full article

This study aimed to synthesize copper(I) iodide nanoparticles (CuI NPs) through a green route using taxo (banana passion fruit) extract as a natural capping and stabilizing agent, and to evaluate their antimicrobial performance against microorganisms isolated from concrete, together with a preliminary cytotoxicity screening. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). UV–Vis spectra recorded in the 200–704 nm range showed a strong absorption band at 224 nm, consistent with electronic transitions associated with nanostructured CuI. FTIR analysis revealed extract-derived biomolecules adsorbed on the nanoparticle surface, with bands assigned to aliphatic C–H, aromatic moieties, and C–O/C–O–C vibrations, supporting the formation of an organic capping layer. DLS analysis showed a mean hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 32 nm in aqueous suspension, whereas TEM revealed particle sizes ranging from 13 to 42 nm. XRD confirmed a predominantly cubic CuI phase, while SEM–EDS identified Cu and I as the main elements, with minor signals attributed to residual organic coating and/or trace species from the synthesis medium. The CuI NPs exhibited antimicrobial activity against microorganisms isolated from medium-strength concrete, producing inhibitory effects at all tested concentrations (0.014, 0.0087, and 0.0035 mol/L). Preliminary cytotoxicity screening using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in human foreskin fibroblast (HFF), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7), and human glioblastoma (U251) cell lines showed dose- and time-dependent reductions in metabolic viability. The 1.0 mol/L formulations, particularly the precipitated fraction, produced stronger cytotoxic effects, whereas the 0.1 mol/L formulations, especially the residual fraction, preserved comparatively higher metabolic viability. Overall, these findings suggest that taxo-mediated CuI NPs are promising antimicrobial candidates for concrete biodeterioration control, while further colloidal and biological studies are required to better define their behavior under cell-culture conditions and optimize their safe application. Full article

With the increasing diversity of multimedia data types, single-modal steganography is insufficient to meet the demand for the simultaneous covert communication of multiple types of data, and single optical transformation encryption schemes are insufficiently secure against cryptanalytic attacks. To address these challenges, this paper designs and implements a multimodal secret information steganography system based on the optical Gyrator transform. We propose a multimodal steganographic system for the covert transmission of three types of heterogeneous secret data—text, color images, and audio—using a three-level cascaded optical encryption architecture. The system first uniformly encapsulates the multimodal data into a unified bitstream via a Type–Length–Value (TLV) format; it then uses the Ushiki chaotic map to generate a pure phase mask for random phase modulation of the carrier image, followed by spatial-frequency scrambling via a fractional Fourier transform (FrFT, order γ = 1.6). The secret bitstream is embedded into all eight bit planes of the amplitude components in the FrFT domain using binary square representation, achieving an embedding capacity of 2.23 × 10⁶ bits—approximately 8.5 times that of traditional LSB methods; finally, a speckle-noise-like ciphertext is output via a Gyrator transform (angle α = 0.5). Experiments demonstrate that under non-attack conditions, the system achieves lossless recovery with a zero bit-error rate. Under known-plaintext and chosen-plaintext attacks on the Gyrator layer, the PSNR of the recovered images was only 4.89 dB and 4.80 dB, respectively, and the secret information could not be effectively extracted, as the chaotic-FrFT pre-encryption statistically isolates the intermediate image from natural image statistics. This system provides a functionally complete and practically secure solution for multimodal covert communication. Full article

The melon fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata, and the pumpkin fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae), are important agricultural pests that cause significant losses in a wide range of fruit and vegetable crops. Increasing concerns over pesticide resistance and environmental contamination have driven interest in plant-derived insecticide alternatives. This study investigated the insecticidal activity of Ricinus communis L. leaf extracts against both species. The crude leaf extract was fractionated using solvents of increasing polarity (n-hexane, methanol, and ethyl acetate). The resulting fractions were assessed for insecticidal activity, and the most active fraction was further purified using column chromatography. Chemical constituents were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Bioassay results indicated that the methanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited the highest insecticidal activity against both B. zonata and B. cucurbitae. GC-MS analysis revealed several bioactive constituents in the active fractions, including neophytadiene, fatty acid derivatives, and 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid, which was tentatively identified as a candidate constituent associated with the most active fractions. These findings suggest that R. communis leaf extracts contain bioactive constituents with insecticidal properties against tephritid fruit flies and may contribute to the development of plant-based pest management strategies. However, further work is required to isolate pure compounds and confirm their individual toxicological roles under field conditions. Full article

Global energy-related carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions reached approximately 37.4 Gt in 2023, reflecting continued dependence on fossil fuels. In the Philippines, coal accounted for about 62% of total electricity generation in 2023, highlighting the need for renewable and lower-carbon fuel alternatives. At the same time, increasing urbanization has intensified municipal solid waste generation, with fruit and vegetable residues (FVRs) comprising a substantial biodegradable fraction. This study investigated the effects of torrefaction temperature and residence time on the physicochemical properties, fuel quality, and structural transformation of heterogeneous market-derived FVR to assess its potential as a renewable torrefied solid fuel. Torrefaction was conducted in a batch, crucible-based muffle-furnace system using a full factorial 2² design at 200 and 300 °C and residence times of 30 and 90 min, with three replicates per condition. Each covered 100 mL alumina crucible was loaded with 50.0 g of oven-dried, milled, and homogenized feedstock. The crucibles were initially purged with nitrogen, and residence time was counted after the furnace reached the target temperature. Product performance was evaluated through mass and energy yields, proximate analysis, higher heating value (HHV), fuel ratio, visual comparison, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Temperature exerted the largest statistical effect on mass yield, HHV, and fuel ratio. Mean mass yield decreased from 96.05 ± 1.00% at 200 °C/30 min to 46.97 ± 0.51% at 300 °C/90 min, while HHV increased from 20.75 ± 0.06 MJ kg⁻¹ in the untreated feedstock to 25.97 ± 0.80 MJ kg⁻¹. Volatile combustible matter decreased from 76.30 ± 0.36% in the untreated feedstock to 41.60 ± 2.40% at 300 °C/90 min, whereas fixed carbon increased from 18.13 ± 0.49% to 45.50 ± 3.42%. The fuel ratio increased from 0.238 ± 0.007 in the untreated feedstock to 1.099 ± 0.142. FTIR spectra showed weaker hydroxyl and aliphatic C–H bands and a more pronounced aromatic C=C band near 1600 cm⁻¹ as severity increased, consistent with progressive darkening and carbonization. Lower torrefaction severity favored solid and energy retention, whereas higher severity improved energy density and carbonization. The products should be regarded as potential renewable solid fuels or co-firing materials; ultimate analysis, combustion performance, and NO_x/SO_x emissions require further evaluation before direct coal-substitution claims can be made. Full article

Fractional Brownian motion (fBm) provides a powerful stochastic framework for modeling long-range temporal dependence that cannot be represented by classical Brownian motion. This study presents a numerical and theoretical investigation of constrained fractional Brownian motion with applications to stochastic financial systems. An efficient simulation framework combining Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)-based circulant embedding and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling is developed to generate long correlated trajectories under absorbing boundary conditions. The proposed algorithm enables simulations with trajectory lengths up to L = 10⁷ while reducing the computational complexity from O (L³) for direct covariance decomposition to approximately O(L log L). Numerical results accurately reproduce the theoretical autocorrelation function of fBm and confirm the expected persistence behavior governed by the Hurst exponent. Super-diffusive regimes (H > 0.5) exhibit persistent long-range correlations and enhanced survival probabilities, whereas sub-diffusive regimes (H < 0.5) display anti-persistent dynamics and increased boundary absorption. The fractional stochastic volatility formulation captures important characteristics associated with long-memory financial systems, including persistent volatility dynamics and implied-volatility structures. The proposed biophysical-based FFT–MCMC methodology provides an accurate, scalable, and computationally efficient framework for studying constrained fractional stochastic processes and offers a foundation for future investigations of fractional volatility models and related financial applications. A conceptual Adaptive Hurst Momentum framework is briefly discussed as a possible direction for future research. Full article