85 Results Found

Forkhead Box L2 (FOXL2) is a member of the FOXL class of transcription factors, which are essential for ovarian differentiation and function. In the endometrium, FOXL2 is also thought to be important in cattle; however, it is not clear how its expres...

Procambarus clarkii is the most widely distributed freshwater shrimp in China, with important economic value and great potential for development. The forkheadboxL2 (Foxl2) gene has been found to be involved in the reproductive development of many cru...

As a member of the forkhead box L gene family, foxl2 plays a significant role in gonadal development and the regulation of reproduction. During the evolution of deuterostome, whole genome duplication (WGD)-enriched lineage diversifications and regula...

Foxl2 is an evolutionarily conserved female sex gene, which is specifically expressed in the ovary and mainly involved in oogenesis and ovarian function maintenance. However, little is known about the mechanism that regulates Foxl2 specific expressio...

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to determine whether FOXL2 circulating tumor DNA can be used as a prognostic biomarker and marker for monitoring treatment response in patients with an adult-type granulosa cell tumor (aGCT). Methods: Plasma sa...

In this study, using a laying hen model, we determined the expression of FOXL2 and RSPO1 in different central and peripheral tissue and ovarian follicles at different stages of development. At the same time, mRNA expression of both genes in granulosa...

Blepharophimosis, ptosis, and epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES) is a craniofacial disorder caused by heterozygous variants of the forkhead box L2 (FOXL2) gene. It shows autosomal dominant inheritance but can also occur sporadically. Depending on th...

Bone diseases such as otosclerosis (conductive hearing loss) and osteoporosis (low bone mineral density) can result from the abnormal expression of genes that regulate cartilage and bone development. The forkhead box transcription factor FOXL1 has be...

Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is an important mariculture product in northern China, exhibiting significant sexual dimorphism: females grow 2–4 times faster than males and ultimately attain much greater body weights. As a well-kn...

We recently identified a FOXL1+ intestinal subepithelial network of telocytes (TCs) without which epithelial stem and progenitor cells cannot proliferate and support regeneration. In addition to FOXL1 lineage cell distribution along the intestinal ep...

FoxL1⁺telocytes (TC^FoxL1+) are novel gastrointestinal subepithelial cells that form a communication axis between the mesenchyme and epithelium. TC^FoxL1+ are strategically positioned to be key contributors to the microenvironment through production an...

FOXL2 (forkhead box protein L2) is a transcription factor, its function and regulatory mechanism have been mainly studied in mammals; related research on marine invertebrates is still insufficient. It was found that oogenesis was affected, and even a...

Adult granulosa cell tumors (AGCTs) harbor a somatic FOXL2 c.402C>G mutation in ~95% of cases and are mainly surgically removed due to limited systemic treatment effect. In this study, potentially targetable genomic alterations in AGCTs were inves...

The species complex Astyanax scabripinnis is one of the most studied with respect to origin, distribution, and frequency of B chromosomes, and is considered a model organism for evolutionary studies. Research using population inferences about the occ...

Sturgeon is known as a primitive fish with the ZZ/ZW sex determination system and is highly prized for its valuable caviar. Exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying gonadal differentiation would contribute to broadening our knowledge on the gene...

Pathogenic germline mutations c.1100delC and p.I157T in the CHEK2 gene have been associated with increased risk of breast, colon, kidney, prostate, and thyroid cancers; however, no associations have yet been identified between these two most common E...

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily members are critical in teleost sex determination and differentiation. Tgfb2b is an important TGF-β ligand gene exhibiting dominant expression in the ovary of Chinese tongue sole (Cynogl...

Ovarian sex cord–stromal tumors (SCSTs) account for 8% of all primary ovarian neo-plasms. Accurate diagnosis is crucial since each subtype has a specific prognostic and treatment. Apart from fibrosarcomas, stromal tumors are benign while sex co...

Aberrant methylation of multiple promoter CpG islands could be related to the biology of ovarian tumors and its determination could help to improve treatment strategies. DNA methylation profiling was performed using the Methylation Ligation-dependent...

Relapsing ovarian granulosa-cell tumor (GCT) is a challenge for physicians due to the lack of effective therapy. Current strategies did not improve the 80% death rate of recurrent disease. GCTs synthesize estrogens and express follicle-stimulating ho...

Adult granulosa cell tumor (AGCT) is a rare ovarian cancer subtype, with a peak incidence around 50–55 years. Although AGCT can occur in specific syndromes, a genetic predisposition for AGCT has not been identified. The aim of this study is to identi...

Fibroblasts constitute a ubiquitous mesenchymal cell type and produce the extracellular matrix (ECM) of connective tissue, thereby providing the structural basis of various organs. Fibroblasts display differential transcriptional patterns unique to t...

Most cultured Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica) show male sex differentiation; however, natural gonadal sex differentiation has not been evaluated. In this study, this process was characterized in wild eels. Differentiated ovaries and testes were obs...

The steroid hormones are required for gonadal development in fish. The present study was undertaken to characterize the cDNA and promoter sequences of TSPO and SMAD4 genes in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, explored the mRNA tissue expression...

Objective. We present our experience in diagnosing, gender assignment, and surgical management of sexual ambiguity in 46,XY mixed gonadal dysgenesis.

Material and methods. A retrospective study of five cases treated from 2003 to 2006 was performed. C...

The tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus) is a primitive freshwater fish of significant commercial importance in southeastern Mexico. However, its population is in danger due to habitat loss and overexploitation. Cultivation emerges as a viable reprod...

Monopterus albus is a protogynous hermaphroditic fish that changes from female to male, but the underlying sex change mechanism remains as-yet unknown. In this study, we firstly cloned and characterized the sequence and protein structure of unc-13d o...

The zig-zag eel (Mastacembelus armatus) is a unique economic fish species in China and exhibits significant dimorphism of male and female phenotypes. Cultivating all-male seedlings can significantly improve production efficiency. To investigate sex d...

Aromatase, a crucial enzyme for estrogen synthesis, plays a vital role in gender determination and differentiation. This study aimed to establish an inducible knockout model of the chicken CYP19A1 gene, which encodes aromatase, to support gender cont...

Transcriptional regulation is a major mechanism by which organisms integrate gene x environment interactions. It can be achieved by coordinated interplay between cis-regulatory elements (CREs) and transcription factors (TFs). Euryhaline tilapia (Oreo...

Nile tilapia, as an ideal model for studying sex differentiation, is a popular farmed fish worldwide with a stable XX/XY sex-determination system. In tilapia, ovarian differentiation is triggered by estradiol-17β (E2) production in undifferentia...

In aquaculture, the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) is an economically important species with remarkable gender dimorphism in its growth patterns. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon have not been elucida...

Coilia nasus is a typical anadromous migratory fish found in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Every year, C. nasus clusters offshore and swims upstream along the Yangtze River into the tributaries and lakes in the middle and lower reaches of t...

DNA methylation is a common epigenetic modification of DNA levels in the genome of eukaryotic cells, and an aberrant elevation of DNA methylation in gene promoter regions can inhibit gene expression. DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are involved in gen...

Despite their uniqueness, the ontogeny and differentiation of the single-lobed gonads in the poeciliids are very poorly understood. To address this, we employed both cellular and molecular approaches to systematically map the development of the teste...

Parabens are widely used preservatives in basic necessities such as cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. In previous studies, xenoestrogenic actions of parabens were reported in an immature rat model and a rat pituitary cell line (GH3 cells). The re...

The present study aims to reveal the mechanism by which miR-430s regulate steroidogenesis in larval rice field eel Monopterus albus. To this end, M. albus embryos were respectively microinjected with miRNA-overexpressing mimics (agomir430a, agomir430...

Horns in Bovidae, including bovines, sheep, and goats, are evolutionarily conserved cranial structures derived from cranial neural crest cells and composed of a bony core, dermis, epidermis, and keratinous sheath. Their development follows a shared t...

The objective of the present study was to analyze the phenotypic stability of sex after sex differentiation in the Yesso scallop, which is a gonochoristic species that has been described as protandrous. So far, no study has investigated in detail the...

Chromobox homolog 2 (CBX2), a key member of the polycomb group (PcG) family, is essential for gonadal development in mammals. A functional deficiency or genetic mutation in cbx2 can lead to sex reversal in mice and humans. However, little is known ab...

Among Chinese soft-shelled turtles, Pelodiscus sinensis, males have a richer nutritional value and higher market price than females. All-male offspring were obtained by 17β-estradiol (E2). However, the molecular mechanisms of E2 inducing sexual...

Since artificial insemination is common practice in pig breeding, the quality and persistence of the semen are decisive for the usability of individual boars. In the current study, genome-wide association analyses were performed to investigate the ge...

Among vertebrates, teleost fishes exhibit the largest array of sex-determining systems, resulting in many reproductive strategies. Screening these fish for sex-related genes could enhance our understanding of sexual differentiation. The lizardfish, S...

The crucial event in mammalian sexual differentiation occurs at the embryonic stage of sex determination, when the bipotential gonads differentiate as either testes or ovaries, according to the sex chromosome constitution of the embryo, XY or XX, res...

In advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), patients with actionable genomic alterations may derive additional clinical benefit from targeted treatment compared to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Current guidelines recommend extensive testing with next g...

Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a heterogeneous disease resulting from non-functional ovaries in women before the age of 40. It is characterized by primary amenorrhea or secondary amenorrhea. As regards its etiology, although many POI cases ar...

The steroid 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) inhibits ovarian function and is often used to induce sex reversal artificially in vertebrates. In the present study, different concentrations of MT were added as dietary supplementation, and the effects on sex...

Sea urchin (Mesocentrotus nudus) is an economically important mariculture species in China and the gonads are the solely edible parts to human. The molecular mechanisms of gonad development have attracted increasing attention in recent years. Althoug...

Clownfish can be an excellent research model for investigating the socially-controlled sexual development of sequential hermaphrodite teleosts. However, the molecular cascades underlying the social cues that orchestrate the sexual development process...

Loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) is a small benthic fish favored by consumers in East Asia. Female loaches exhibit greater production value due to their larger size and higher meat yield. Therefore, controlling the sex of loach should be studied to...